Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming
... Subsequently, in the second subsample, we conducted a CFA with the maximum likelihood estimation method to validate the structure emerging from the EFA. We compared five statistical models (outlined in Fig A through Fig E of S1 Fig and described in Table E of S1 Tables), using different goodness-of-fit indices to determine the statistical acceptability of the models and to retain the best-fitting model: the chi-square indices (χ2) [54], the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) [55]. Acceptable fit criteria included RMSEA and SRMR ≤ 0.08, CFI and TLI > 0.90 [54,55]. ...
... We compared five statistical models (outlined in Fig A through Fig E of S1 Fig and described in Table E of S1 Tables), using different goodness-of-fit indices to determine the statistical acceptability of the models and to retain the best-fitting model: the chi-square indices (χ2) [54], the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) [55]. Acceptable fit criteria included RMSEA and SRMR ≤ 0.08, CFI and TLI > 0.90 [54,55]. After comparing various models, we retained the best-fitting model [54,55], yielding what we designate as harmful dimensions of medical culture (henceforth HDMC). ...
... Acceptable fit criteria included RMSEA and SRMR ≤ 0.08, CFI and TLI > 0.90 [54,55]. After comparing various models, we retained the best-fitting model [54,55], yielding what we designate as harmful dimensions of medical culture (henceforth HDMC). ...
Physician burnout (PB) is an emotional exhaustion in response to long-term workplace stress. Despite growing interest in how the medical culture contributes to physician burnout, there is little empirical research on the subject. In this study, we aimed to evaluate quantitatively specific dimensions of the medical culture, thereby testing the hypothesis that a group of interdependent aspects of medical culture would positively correlate with PB. We collected on-line survey results in a cross-sectional study of 1002 physicians in current clinical practice. Participants completed the Burnout Assessment Tool and additional survey items measuring aspects of contemporary medical culture. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we first explored and confirmed the factorial validity of a model representing the medical cultural dimensions, and then undertook regression analyses to investigate their associations with physician burnout. The analyses revealed seven relevant factors of the medical culture clustering in three distinct but interdependent broader dimensions, which we designated as (1) Physician’s Professional Commitment, (2) The Myth of the Invulnerable Physician, and (3) Physician Stigma towards Burnout. These three dimensions had independent associations with increased burnout, suggesting that they are detrimental to the welfare of physicians. Additionally, we identified a specific factor reflecting the Existential Significance of Being a Physician, which mitigated against burnout. Upon controlling for sociodemographic and professional characteristics, the investigated dimensions of medical culture accounted for 30% of the variance in PB. This quantitative exploration of the relations between medical culture and physician defined dimensions of medical cultural that are harmful to physicians and by extension to patient care. Present results highlight the need for further empirical investigations of medical culture and the pathways whereby certain dimensions of medical culture specifically relate to the well-being and health of physicians.
... D. Little, 2013). A CFI close to 0.95, RMSEA close to 0.05 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), and SRMR values less than 0.05 indicate well-fitting models (Byrne, 1998;Steiger, 2007). ...
... The model fit indices for the models, including the dimensions of StudWB, closeness and conflict in TSRs, and cohesion in SSRs, revealed a good fit to the data (Byrne, 1998;T. D. Little, 2013) and are presented in Table 4. ...
... D. Little, 2013) and are presented in Table 4. The model fit indices for the models, including the dimensions of StudWB, closeness and conflict in TSRs, and cohesion in SSRs, revealed a good fit to the data (Byrne, 1998;T. D. Little, 2013) and are presented in Table 4. ...
The rapid changes in today’s world pose a great challenge to student well-being, especially in secondary school, where age-related transitions occur. Many school systems have recognized the importance of fostering both academic achievement and student well-being. Classroom relationships with teachers and peers play a key role in students’ academic, social, and emotional development, yet little is known about their longitudinal and reciprocal effects on well-being. This study adopts a multidimensional approach to student well-being, examining its relations with teacher–student closeness and conflict, as well as student–student cohesion, using two waves of data one year apart in a structural equation model (SEM). The participants were Grade 7 (N = 757) and Grade 8 (N = 720) students in Switzerland. The findings reveal no significant associations between student well-being, teacher–student closeness, and peer cohesion. However, teacher–student conflict at measurement point 1 is positively associated with physical complaints and social problems at measurement point 2, while a positive academic self-concept negatively predicts teacher–student conflict over time. These results highlight the impact of teacher–student conflict on student well-being and suggest enhancing the academic self-concept could help mitigate such conflicts. Insights into these relations can help educators and researchers identify and develop useful strategies for promoting student well-being.
... Para este tipo de diseño se trabaja con una metodología en la que se emplea un modelo explicativo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Para este modelo se realiza un análisis factorial confirmatorio (confirmatory factorial analysis o CFA) multivariante aplicado a la teoría estructural relacionada con el modelo propuesto (Byrne, 1998). ...
... Dado que χ² es sensible al tamaño de la muestra pequeña, en este sentido Coenders & Saris (1995) y Morata-Ramírez (2017) consideran que la asimetría en la distribución de las variables observadas es uno de los aspectos fundamentales que distorsiona este supuesto. Bollen (1989), Byrne (1998) y Morata-Ramírez (2017) también plantean que el tamaño de la muestra influye en el error obtenido en el índice de RMSEA. Además, Bollen (1989) y Byrne (1998) manifiestan que debido a las limitaciones del índice de razón de verosimilitud por su sensibilidad al tamaño de la muestra y por fundamentarse en la distribución central de χ2 (chicuadrado), se recomienda complementar los resultados con otros índices de bondad de ajuste. ...
... En la determinación de la bondad de ajuste, este índice tiene en cuenta los grados de libertad, por lo que es sensible al número de parámetros que estima el modelo (Barbero et al., 2015;Byrne, 1998;Cea, 2004). Es por esa razón que los valores de RMSEA decrecen conforme aumenta el número de grados de libertad o el tamaño de la muestra (Kline, 2011). ...
Línea de investigación: Currículum, organización y formación para la equidad en la sociedad del conocimiento ADOPCIÓN Y USO DE RECURSOS EDUCATIVOS ABIERTOS EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR Tesis Doctoral Presentada por:
... Al objeto de contrastar de manera más estricta la estructura factorial de la escala se realizó un AFC multigrupo. Esto permite evaluar al mismo tiempo la invariancia de la estructura factorial a través de muestras que varían en características, en este caso el género (varón y mujer), lo que da lugar a dos grupos (Byrne, 1998). Para examinar si los parámetros del modelo se mantuvieron invariantes a través de las dos muestras se empleó un análisis multistep de invarianza (Bollen, 1989;Marsh, 1993). ...
... Para examinar si los parámetros del modelo se mantuvieron invariantes a través de las dos muestras se empleó un análisis multistep de invarianza (Bollen, 1989;Marsh, 1993). Siguiendo a Byrne (1998), el primer paso consiste en establecer un modelo de referencia para los grupos en una sola muestra de análisis. La prueba de invarianza comienza con el modelo menos restrictivo en el que sólo se incluye el modelo de referencia. ...
... Finalmente, para poder generalizar y comprobar de manera más estricta la estructura factorial del cuestionario se realizó un AFC multigrupo. Para ello se empleó un análisis multistep de invarianza (Bollen, 1989;Byrne, 1998;Marsh, 1993). No se observaron diferencias significativas en el valor S-Bχ 2 , por lo que podemos afirmar que el modelo permanece en gran medida invariante en los dos grupos. ...
Los objetivos del estudio fueron: a) elaborar y validar un instrumento para evaluar las percepciones de la implementación de intervenciones didácticas con material autoconstruido en Educación Física, y b) proporcionar un factor global del impacto de las intervenciones con material autoconstruido. Participaron 198 estudiantes (166 del grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria y 32 de 4º-6º de Educación Primaria). Cumplimentaron un cuestionario dos intervenciones basadas en autoconstrucción de material. Las edades oscilaron entre 9 y 38 años (M = 18,25; DE= 3,63). La versión definitiva del cuestionario se sometió a diferentes pruebas estadísticas de validez de constructo, convergente, discriminante e invarianza de género. El Cuestionario de Percepción de Intervenciones con Material Autoconstruido (CuPIMA) está formado por nueve sub-escalas: diversión, motivación, aprendizaje, autoestima, relación, creatividad, conciencia ecológica, interdisciplinariedad y uso en tiempo libre. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que todos los índices de fiabilidad eran aceptables. El cuestionario mostró adecuada validez de constructo, convergente y discriminante, así como invarianza en cuanto al género. Los resultados confirman al CUPIMA como un instrumento apropiado para evaluar los efectos a diferentes niveles de intervenciones basadas en autoconstrucción de material en Educación Física. Esta herramienta proporciona un factor global del impacto provocado por esta metodología.
... LGC includes an intercept (i.e., an individual's score on outcome variable at the onset of the investigation) and slope (i.e., the growth or change rate at which outcome measure changes over time) parameters that jointly define within-person patterns of change. That latent structure helps researchers to understand the growth curve in terms of observed and latent variables by handling both modeling and estimation of measurement error [65]. ...
... The 1, 0, 1, 0 coding assigns weights that better model these oscillatory changes, aligning the analysis with the observed data pattern. This approach follows methodological guidance advocating flexible slope coding for non-linear trends [65,67]. In line with this suggestion, we used 1, 0, 1, 0 slope loadings values on observed variables. ...
... When the first model was run, the model fit values did not produce a good fit (see Table 2). Byrne [65] suggested that when model fit does not produce good fit results, that may happen due to misspecification of the model, so modification indices can be taken into consideration in LGC models. For that reason, modification indices were applied for a better model specification. ...
Search engines, as cognitive partners, reshape how individuals evaluate their cognitive abilities. This study examines how search tool access influences cognitive self-esteem (CSE)-users' self-perception of cognitive abilities -- through the lens of transactive memory systems. Using a within-subject design with 164 participants, we found that CSE significantly inflates when users have access to search tools, driven by cognitive offloading. Participants with lower initial CSE exhibited greater shifts, highlighting individual differences. Search self-efficacy mediated the relationship between prior search experience and CSE, emphasizing the role of users' past interactions. These findings reveal opportunities for search engine design: interfaces that promote awareness of cognitive offloading and foster self-reflection can support accurate metacognitive evaluations, reducing overreliance on external tools. This research contributes to HCI by demonstrating how interactive systems shape cognitive self-perception, offering actionable insights for designing human-centered tools that balance user confidence and cognitive independence.
... Uyum iyiliği indekslerinin değeri 1'e ne kadar yaklaşırsa modelin veriye o kadar uyumlu olduğu söylenebilir. Uyum iyiliği indeksleri için 0,90-0,95 kabul edilebilir ve 0,95 üzerinde olması ise yüksek bir uyumu gösterir (Dickey, 1996;Stapleton, 1997;Byrne, 1998). RMSEA indeksi değerlendirildiğinde ise bu indeksin model için 0,033 olduğu saptanmıştır ve buna göre modelin veriye iyi uyum gösterdiği söylenebilir. ...
... CFI değeri 0,95; IFI değeri 0,95 ve NFI değeri 0,94 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Uyum iyiliği indeksleri için 0,90-0,95 kabul edilebilir ve 0,95 üzerinde olması ise yüksek bir uyumu gösterir (Dickey, 1996;Stapleton, 1997;Byrne, 1998). RMSEA indeksi değerlendirildiğinde ise bu indeksin model için 0,120 olduğu saptanmıştır. ...
... CFI değeri 0,93; IFI değeri 0,93 ve NFI değeri 0,93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Uyum iyiliği indeksleri için 0,90-0,95 kabul edilebilir ve 0,95 üzerinde olması ise yüksek bir uyumu gösterir (Dickey, 1996;Stapleton, 1997;Byrne, 1998). RMSEA indeksi değerlendirildiğinde ise bu indeksin model için 0,173 olduğu saptanmıştır. ...
Araştırmada 48-72 aylık çocuklar için geliştirilen Erken Öğrenme Davranışları Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasının yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Genel tarama modelinde yapılan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, uygun/elverişli örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen, 2020–2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında MEB’e bağlı resmi anaokulları/anasınıflarındaki 646 çocuğun ebeveyni oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Erken Öğrenme Davranışları Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Geçerlik çalışmaları kapsamında ölçeğin Kapsam ve Yapı Geçerliği sınanmıştır. Kuramsal bilgiler ışığında ölçek yedi faktörde yapılandırılmış ve uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Her bir maddeye ait kapsam geçerliği oranı (KGO) hesaplanmış ve 0.80 ölçütünü sağlayan maddeler ölçekte yerini almıştır. Yapı geçerliği çalışmaları kapsamında faktör analizi ve madde analizi yapılmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde temel bileşenler analizi ile yedi faktörün ölçeğin göstergesi olduğuna kanıt sunulduktan sonra doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Uyum indeksi değerleri, faktör yük değerleri ve hata varyansları incelenerek model veri uyumu değerlendirilmiş ve ölçeğe son şekli verilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında, Cronbach Alfa Güvenirlik Katsayısı ve İzleme Testi Güvenirliği hesaplanmıştır. Cronbach Alfa değerinin tüm faktörlerde 0,70’in üzerinde bulunması, faktörlerden elde edilen puanların güvenilir olduğunu; İzleme Testi ise planlama faktör puanlarının orta düzeyde güvenilir, diğer faktör puanlarının yüksek düzeyde güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Yapılan geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
... The AGFI was 0.971 above the cut-off 0.800, which is the recommended value 38 . The CFI, TLI and IFI were 1.000, 1.002 and 1.002, above the cut-off 0.900, which is the accepted value 36,[39][40][41] . Furthermore, the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) result was in accepted level 0.000 less than the threshold 0.100, which is the recommended value 42 . ...
... The AGFI was 0.928 which was above the cut-off 0.800, which is the accepted value 38 . The CFI, TLI, and IFI were 0.984, 0.981 and 0.984 respectively which were indicated good fit of data with values greater than the cut off of 0.900, which is the recommended value 36,[39][40][41] . Furthermore, the RMSEA was 0.044 which was below the threshold 0.100, which is the accepted value 42 . ...
... The AGFI was 0.950 above the cut-off 0.800, which is the accepted value 38 . The values of CFI, TLI and IFI were 0.988, 0.985 and 0.988 respectively which were above the cut-off 0.900, which is the accepted value 36,[39][40][41] . ...
The aim of this study is to empirically examine the mediating role of work alienation (WA) on the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) as independent variable and job performance (JP) as dependent variable among the academic staff in the Iraqi technical colleges and institutes. The topic has not gained significant attention in the educational management research arena. The study adopted a quantitative approach through survey instruments design and the population of the study was the academics in 18 technical colleges and institutes located in Baghdad and other governorates in Iraq. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the mediating effect of work alienation on the relationships between leader-member exchange and job performance. Based on a survey of 419 academics, the results revealed that work alienation mediates the relationship between leader-member exchange and job performance.
... Per questo motivo vengono considerati altri indici che risentono meno delle dimensioni del campione. Essi sono la RMSEA, l'RMR e il CFI (Byrne, 1998). La RMSEA (Root of Mean Square Error of Approximation) fornisce una stima della bontà dell'adattamento del modello nella popolazione ponderata per i gradi di libertà; valori uguali o inferiori a .08 ...
... La verifica dell'invarianza richiede di specificare un modello in cui certi parametri sono vincolati ad essere invarianti e di confrontare questo modello con uno meno restrittivo in cui i parametri sono liberi di assumere qualsiasi valore. Il confronto tra i modelli viene eseguito mediante il test della differenza del χ 2 : Δχ 2 non significativo indica invarianza (Bagozzi & Edwards, 1998;Byrne, 1998). La specificazione del modello Baseline (B) consente di verificare la bontà dell'adattamento del modello stesso mediante un'analisi simultanea dei dati dei due gruppi e contemporaneamente fornisce il criterio rispetto al quale vengono confrontati i due modelli più restrittivi. ...
Obiettivo del presente lavoro è fornire un contributo all'adattamento italiano della scala del con-trollo sociopolitico di Zimmerman e Zahniser (SPCS, 1991), una misura delle credenze circa le capa-cità e l'efficacia individuale rispetto ai sistemi sociali e politici, impiegando e comparando due diverse metodologie di somministrazione: carta e matita vs. Web-based. La SPCS è utile per misurare e prevedere la partecipazione in ruoli di leadership e responsabilità nei contesti socio-politici e l'impegno profuso in essi. Hanno preso parte alla ricerca complessivamente 481 persone, adulti e studenti universitari: 254 hanno compilato il questionario nel formato carta e matita e 227 attraverso un form on-line. Oltre alla SPCS, il questionario comprendeva la scala di mastery e una forma breve della scala di desiderabilità sociale di Marlowe e Crowne. I risultati, ottenuti attraverso analisi fatto-riali esplorative e confermative e mediante la procedura multi-sample, hanno confermato il modello originario a due fattori correlati della scala SPCS. È stata inoltre verificata l'invarianza della struttura fattoriale della scala nelle forme carta e matita e Web-based. Infine, i punteggi compositi ottenuti dalle due somministrazioni non sono risultati diversi. / The aim of the present study is to supply a contribution to the adaptation of the Zimmerman and Zahniser' Sociopolitical Control Scale (SPCS, 1991) to the Italian context. The scale is a comprehensive measure of the perceived individual effectiveness towards social and political systems. The SPCS is useful in order to measure and to predict the participation in leadership roles within the social and political contexts. In the present study we used and compared two methods of administration of the scale: paper-and-pencil vs. Web-based. The study was carried out with 481 participants, adults and university students: 254 filled out the questionnaire in the paper-and-pencil format and 227 filled out the on-line format. The questionnaire included also the Mastery Scale and a short form of the Marlowe and Crowne's Social Desirability Scale. The results, via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with multi-sample procedure, support the original two-correlated-factors model of the SPCS scale. Moreover, the invariance of the factorial structure has been verified in the paper-and-pencil and Web-based format. Finally, no differences were found between the composite scores in the two administration methods.
... the choice of seM for the hypotheses testing was based on the recommendation of Bagozzi and Yi (2012) that it is the most appropriate tool to use in testing for causal relationships between variables. Besides the use of seM allows for the control of measurement error, gives information on the level of model fitness, and can also test for multiple relationships concurrently (Byrne, 2013). in carrying out the seM analysis to test the hypotheses the demographic variables were controlled. ...
The political marketing literature likens voters to consumers. It suggests some commonalities between consumers and voters such as their emotions, thought processes, and behavioural responses to marketing stimuli. What is yet to be examined is whether or not the voter decision-making process can also be likened to the consumer purchase decision-making process in a commercial setting. Thus, this study sought to examine Ghanaian voters’ decision-making process using a consumer decision-making model (The EKB model). A cross-sectional survey was carried out involving 500 respondents drawn from the Greater Accra, Bono and Central regions of Ghana. Hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that all the five variables of the model—voter needs, information seeking, availability of alternatives, reference groups, and performance of candidates/party have a significant positive influence on voter decision making leading to voting choices. The application of the EKB model to examine the voter decision-making process adds fresh knowledge to the existing literature on political marketing and consumer behaviour.
... The following criteria for cutoff were used: CFI and TLI score of .90 or higher are associated with acceptable model fit (Acock, 2013); SRMR score ranges from 0 to 1.0 with good model fit obtaining values less than .05 (Byrne, 1998;Diamantopoulos & Siguaw, 2000) and acceptable fit with values as high as .08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999); RMSEA score below .10 ...
Objective: The Metacognitions Questionnaire–30 (MCQ-30) was developed to measure individual differences in endorsement of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. Previous research shows the MCQ-30 possesses good psychometric properties. However, there is limited research on psychometric properties of the MCQ-30 in clinical samples, and the scale has not previously been validated in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the psychometric properties of the MCQ-30 in a sample of PTSD patients. Method: A sample of 290 patients diagnosed with PTSD completed self-report questionnaires measuring trauma symptoms and metacognitive beliefs. The sample consisted of 225 women and 65 men (M = 33.90 years; range 18–69 years). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factorial structure of the MCQ-30, and the internal consistency and convergent validity were evaluated. A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate unique associations between metacognitive subscales and trauma symptoms. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed five-factor structure of MCQ-30, and the subscales demonstrated good internal consistency. All five subscales were associated with trauma symptoms of which negative metacognitive beliefs and cognitive confidence showed unique relationships to symptoms. Conclusion: The MCQ-30 demonstrates promising validity in assessing generic metacognitive beliefs among PTSD patients, suggesting its utility in both clinical practice and research contexts.
... Bentler and Bonett [12] and Dijkstra and Henseler [18] posit that NFI values closer to 1 signify an acceptable model fit (Table 2). For factor models, NFI values above 0.90 mostly represent acceptable fit [16]. ...
This study investigated the relationship between occupational health and safety (OHS) practices, organizational commitment (OC), and turnover intentions (TIs) among security staff in Ghanaian public universities. The study used the quantitative approach and a structured questionnaire. The study used a sample of 281 security personnel. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling partial least squares) with the aid of IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26.0) and Smart-PLS (Version 4.0). Findings of the study revealed that both safety and health rules and organizational safety support had a significant relationship with turnover intention through organizational commitment. However, the first aid support and training and turnover intention relationship through organizational commitment was not significant. This implies that safety and health rules and organizational safety support can lead to organizational commitment and consequently reduce security workers’ intention to quit. Hence, organizations should strive to implement a holistic approach that encompasses various elements, including safety rules, organizational safety support, training programs, and employee commitment-building initiatives to effectively reduce turnover intentions. The study provides a basis for universities to develop rules, regulations, policies, and measures to help management and employees build upon their ability to develop proactive healthy and safe organizations. It also contributes to literature on the mediating role of OC in explaining the link between OHS and TI.
... The root mean square residual, standardised root mean square residual and root mean square error of approximation should be less than the recommended threshold value of 0.08, and the goodness of fit, comparative fit index, normal fit index, and the Tucker Lewis index should be higher than 0.90. Other than the goodness of fit score that is marginal to 0.90, the rest of the indices are greater than the recommended threshold value of 0.90, which signifies a strong model fit (Byrne, 1998). ...
... According to these goodness of fit indices, a good fit is indicated by a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) value of 0.06 or less, and an acceptable fit is indicated by a value of 0.10 or less. A good fit is indicated by a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.95 or higher, while an acceptable fit is indicated by a value of 0.90 or higher (Byrne, 1998;Ullman, 2001). After evaluating the fit of the measurement model, mathematical achievement was predicted by these five main domains of SEL using SEM. ...
The current study explores the differential relationship
between social and emotional learning (SEL), based on the
Big Five personality traits, and mathematics achievement
among Turkish high school students. Using data from the
OECD’s 2019 Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES), it
examines how SEL dimensions predict math outcomes and
how these relationships vary by gender, socioeconomic
status (SES), and level of SEL evaluation in schools. Key
findings reveal that open-mindedness and emotional
regulation positively correlate with math achievement,
while high social engagement shows a negative
association. Girls' SEL skills had a stronger predictive value
for math achievement than boys, and SEL had a more
substantial impact on students from lower SES backgrounds.
Formal SEL assessment in schools was also related to higher
math scores. These results emphasize the importance of
SEL programs tailored to specific demographic needs,
particularly for disadvantaged students, and suggest that
formal SEL assessment in schools could enhance academic
outcomes.
... We computed the fit indices of the structural and measurement models (Table 4). Following the recommended values indicated by Byrne (2013), all indices were satisfied. ...
As generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continue to develop rapidly, this research focused on exploring the factors affecting users' word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions of AI profile picture generation services. Specifically, a model was constructed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM), self-presentation theory, and perceived risk theory. Subsequently, the model was examined via the analysis of survey-based data from 312 Korean AI profile picture generation service users. The outcomes indicated that online self-presentation desire positively affected perceived usefulness (PU). Also, PU and perceived ease of use (PEU) were positively associated with attitude, which in turn positively affected the WOM intention. However, the effects of online self-presentation desire and perceived risk on attitude and the influence of PEU on PU are found to be insignificant. Consequently, this research is one of the first studies identifying factors affecting WOM intention of AI-profile generation services.
... Model fit indices were evaluated with the following criteria: chi-square value close to zero and p > 0.05, comparative fit index (CFI) ≥ 0.9, non-normed fit index (NFI) ≥ 0.95, root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.06 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), and SRMR < 0.05 (Byrne, 1998). Table 2 presents the means and standard deviations for all measures. ...
Introduction
Sexual minority men face unique challenges in navigating relationships due to stigma and exclusionary policies. Research suggests that comprehensive sex education can support healthier relationships. The present study examines the association between the perceived usefulness of different sources of sex and relationship education and relationship functioning among sexual minority men.
Method
A 2023 survey of 582 partnered sexual minority men in Australia assessed the perceived usefulness of seven sources of sex and relationship education: family, official information sources, peers and friends, popular culture, pornography, school, and social media and the internet. Relationship measures included emotional intimacy, sexual intimacy behaviours, sexual satisfaction, and couple flourishing.
Results
Men who found peers and friends, social media and the internet, and official information sources useful were slightly more likely to engage in sexual intimacy behaviours, which was associated with greater sexual satisfaction and couple flourishing. Conversely, those who found pornography useful engaged in fewer sexual intimacy behaviours and reported slightly lower relationship outcomes.
Conclusions
Only certain sources of sex and relationship education show weak indirect associations with relationship outcomes. The perceived usefulness of school, family, or popular culture does not appear to be associated with relationship outcomes.
Policy Implications
More research is needed to explore the link between sex and relationship education and relationship outcomes. If education can benefit relationship outcomes, enhancements in educational approaches are needed.
... (Escobedo et al., 2016;Lloret-Segura et al., 2014), and acceptable fit for values between .05 and .08 (Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Byrne, 1998;MacCallum et al., 1996); Root Mean Square of Residuals (RMSR), with values ≤ .05 indicating adequate fit, and values between .05 and .08 ...
Technological mediation has gained relevance in teaching mathematics. Its usefulness and impact depend, to a great extent, on how students approach the learning of the discipline. Two independent instrumental studies were conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Mathematics and Technology Attitudes Scale (MTAS-sv). The first was with 573 Colombian high school students (258 girls) and the second was with 400 (262 girls). Study 1 identified a three-dimensional factor structure formed by the subscales Attitude toward learning mathematics with technology, Self-concept in mathematics, and Confidence in technology, with good factorial properties and appropriate internal consistency scores (ωglobal = .884). Study 2 collected evidence of convergent validity by demonstrating that the subscales correlate directly with similar constructs. This adapted and validated version offers a useful alternative for investigating the role of technology in mathematics education.
... U cilju testiranja skladnosti modela, sprovedena je konfirmativna faktorska analiza. Dobijene su vrednosti parametara koje su prikazane u tabeli 4.Vrednosti CFI (comparative fit index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis index) i IFI (incremental fit index) indeksa veće od 0,9(Byrne, 1998), vrednost RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) indeksa manja od 0,1 (MacCallum, Browne & Sugawara, 1996), kao i vrednost x 2 /df racija manja od 3 (Carmines & McIver, 1981) ukazuju na skladnost istraživačkog modela. Rezultati konfirmativne faktorske analize su ukazali i na konvergentnu validnost modela, s obzirom da su vrednosti AVE svih varijabli veće od 0,5 ...
The increasing competition in the market drives organizations to compete for their consumers. In such conditions, organizations are placing more emphasis on customer relationship management (CRM) and making significant investments in CRM technology. Accordingly, this paper examines the effects of CRM technology on knowledge management, as well as the impact of knowledge management on the organizational image. The analysis covered 108 organizations in Serbia. The empirical research applied reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that CRM technology has a statistically significant positive impact on knowledge management, as well as that knowledge management has statistically significant positive effects on the organizational image. The contribution of this paper lies in the insights into the indirect impact of CRM technology investments on the organizational image in Serbia, considering that few studies have addressed this topic.
... A variety of fit indices were calculated, including the AGFI, GFI, CFI, NNFI (TLI), NFI, PNFI, PCFI, RMSEA, and SRMR. The critical values for NFI, CFI, and NNFI (TLI) should exceed 0.95, by the recommendations of Bryant and Yarnold (1995), Hu and Bentler (1999), Fan (1998), and Byrne (2014). Nevertheless, for the present scale, the AGFI and GFI values indicate 0.90, which some researchers, such as Schermelleh-Engel et al. (2003), consider to be acceptable. ...
Background
The Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) is an instrument for assessing the multifaceted stressors experienced by educators. However, its original English format necessitates cultural adaptation to ensure relevance for Arabic-speaking contexts.
Aim
This study aimed to validate the TSI in Arabic for Tunisian teachers, assessing its psychometric properties, including factorial structure, internal reliability, construct validity, and sensitivity.
Methods
We used back-translation to validate the Arabic version of the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI-A). We collected data from a total of 1,292 teachers aged 45.22 ± 5.99 years. These participants from primary and secondary schools across Tunisia formed an exploratory sample of 544 teachers (52.60% female) to determine the factor structure and a confirmatory sample of 748 teachers (50.50% female) to test validity.
Results
The results from the EFA indicate that the TSI-A scale is aligned well with the theoretical model, demonstrating strong internal consistency across all factors. All 49 items of the TSI-A exhibited excellent reliability, as indicated by McDonald’s omega (0.912), Cronbach’s alpha (0.923), and Gutmann’s lambda-6 (0.954) coefficients, and solid temporal stability (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83–0.94) over 2 weeks. Similarly, the CFA fit indices were satisfactory.
Conclusion
This study’s results confirmed the TSI-A’s validity for Tunisian teachers, illustrating its robust reliability and psychometric soundness. The tool is essential for identifying stressors in Tunisia’s educational environment, marked by issues such as overcrowded classrooms and resource constraints. The TSI-A can assist school administrators and policymakers in executing targeted actions to mitigate teacher stress. It establishes a foundation for cross-cultural comparisons among Arabic-speaking countries, enhancing comprehension of educator well-being in the Arab world.
... U cilju testiranja skladnosti modela, sprovedena je konfirmativna faktorska analiza. Dobijene su vrednosti parametara koje su prikazane u tabeli 4.Vrednosti CFI (comparative fit index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis index) i IFI (incremental fit index) indeksa veće od 0,9(Byrne, 1998), vrednost RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) indeksa manja od 0,1 (MacCallum, Browne & Sugawara, 1996), kao i vrednost x 2 /df racija manja od 3 (Carmines & McIver, 1981) ukazuju na skladnost istraživačkog modela. Rezultati konfirmativne faktorske analize su ukazali i na konvergentnu validnost modela, s obzirom da su vrednosti AVE svih varijabli veće od 0,5 ...
The extraordinary circumstances brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have posed significant challenges to existing business practices and led to significant
market changes, both globally and locally. The fashion industry was no exception, experiencing an existential crisis as production came to a halt, retail stores were closed and demand drastically declined. However, the COVID-19 pandemic also provided an opportunity to examine how consumer behavior and fashion have evolved during these uncertain times and how the pandemic have transformed consumers‘ relationship with fashion products (FP). Therefore, the subject of this paper is consumer habits of FP purchasing both before and during the pandemic,
regarding the frequency of purchase methods (physical store vs. online shopping
via domestic and foreign websites, and social networks Instagram and Facebook) of
FP (fashion clothing, fashion footwear and fashion accessories) based on specific consumer characteristics (age categories – consumer generations, gender and monthly income levels). This study aims to identify the most frequent consumer habits purchasing of FP in Serbia and compare their behavior during and before the pandemic. According to the main research findings, there is a significant difference in the responses of respondents from different consumer generations regarding the frequency of ordering FP in Serbia through domestic and foreign websites, social media platforms (Instagram and Facebook) and types of FP (clothing, footwear and fashion accessories) before and during the pandemic.
... The criteria for model fit were: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) > 0.95, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) > 0.95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) < 0.06, standardised Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) < 0.08 (Brown, 2014;Hair, 2010;Hu and Bentler, 1999;Schreiber et al., 2006). Additionally, χ 2 /df ≤ 3 was also considered indicative of good model fit (Bentler and Bonett, 1980;Byrne, 1998;Kline, 2005;Satorra and Bentler, 2001). ...
Aim
This paper aims to evaluate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) based on Chinese samples recruited from secondary schools, universities, and workplaces.
Methods
The psychometric properties of the SWEMWBS were evaluated in four cross-sectional studies with a total of 1,729 respondents from Hong Kong and Chinese mainland. Criterion validity was assessed using well-established measures of well-being, affect, and life satisfaction (PANAS, WHO-5, and SWLS). Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to evaluate the unidimensional and bi-factor structure of the SWEMWBS.
Results
The results indicated that both the Traditional and Simplified Chinese versions of the SWEMWBS possess good psychometric properties, with coefficient alpha and omega exceeding the acceptable range. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the items are suitable for forming a unidimensional scale. However, the bi-factor structure proposed in the recent literature contained some problematic items that yielded negative and weak factor loadings.
Conclusion
The unidimensional SWEMWBS is applicable to respondents from diverse socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. The validated Traditional and Simplified Chinese versions of the SWEMWBS provide researchers and clinical practitioners with a reliable and convenient measure of mental well-being for use in Chinese contexts.
... This is the first time known to include DAP-R-C-Z in a MODDI-F validity test. The statistically significant relationship between the DAP-R-C-Z total score and the MODDI-F-C confirms the homogeneity and validity of these two tools for measuring attitudes towards death.This study meets the ideal criteria for structural validity (CFI = 0.970 > 0.90, TLI = 0.967 > 0.90, RMSEA = 0.036 < 0.06, SRMR = 0.027 < 0.05) based on prior studies [40][41].However, X 2 /df (3.719 > 3) exceeded optimum.As square values are sensitive to sample volume [42], bigger samples can impair adjustment quality. Our study referenced ideal convergent validity criteria (average variance extracted (AVE) > 0.50, and composite reliability (CR) > 0.60) [43]. ...
Background
The negative impact of over-treatment in end-of-life individuals has led to attention to the value of death. Reassessing the attitude of death and dying can improve care and improve the quality of life. Therefore, the use of multidimensional tools to comprehensively assess the attitudes of individuals on dying and death, identify attitude tendencies and causes meaningful, and evaluate the effectiveness of the tools is an important prerequisite.
Objectives
We aimed to obtain MODDI-F-C through cross-cultural translation and to evaluate its psychometric characteristics among mainland China participants.
Methods
In order to obtain MODDI-F-C, a cross-cultural translation of MODDI- F/eng was performed using the Brislin model. The items quality, factor structure, reliability and validity were assessed among 2105 participants from mainland China. The concurrent validity was assessed using the Chinese version of DAP-R for the first time.
Results
MODDI-F-C consists of 27 items, and five common factors were identified through factor analysis, accounting for 56.79% of the overall variance.The total consistency coefficient was 0.949.The correlation coefficient between DAP-R-C-Z and the overall scale was 0.55 (p < 0.001), between DAP - R-C - Z and the subscale 0.37–0.56 (p < 0.001).Most of the methods used for psychometric evaluation meet acceptable criteria.
Conclusions
Our research has initially confirmed that MODDI-F-C is an effective tool to evaluate the fear dimension of death and dying attitude, which can identify individuals’ tendencies and causes related to dying and death. However, the acceptance dimension needs further assessment.
... RMSEA ≤ .06 (Hu & Bentler, 1999), and SRMR ≤ .08 (Bryne, 1998). The following fit indices demonstrate acceptable model: CFI and TLI ≥ .90, ...
... Finally, we tested structural invariance across culture-based groups using multi-group CFA (MGCFA; Byrne, 1998). The hypothesis of group invariance was to be accepted if configural invariance (i.e., the underlying relationships between variables are stable across groups), metric invariance (i.e., the model parameters, such as regression coefficients, bear the same meaning across groups), and scalar invariance (i.e., the unit of measurement is the same across groups) were supported (see Van De Schoot et al., 2015). ...
The Poster is about the validation of SECTRS-14 (Social and Emotional Competence Teacher Rating Scale). The Questionnaire has been validated in the context of a European Project aimed at promoting students' and teachers' school mental health (https://www.promehs.org/).
... These findings align with the guidance provided by [8], indicating that the model effectively captures the data from the participants and the scales used in the research are appropriate. ...
This research investigates the factors influencing the adoption of voice assistants (VAs) in online shopping among young Vietnamese consumers. Drawing from the literature on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), the research explores performance expectancy (PE), facilitating conditions (FC), price value (PV), and habit (H) as key predictors of the intention to use (IU) VAs. We hypothesize that these factors, especially PE, PV, and H, significantly impact users' intentions to utilize VAs for shopping. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 210 respondents, the research employs survey data collected through Google Forms. Analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS software for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that PE, PV, and H are significant determinants of IU, while FC showed no substantial impact. These results underscore the importance of VAs in delivering high value at low cost, facilitating easier and more efficient shopping experiences. The implications of this research highlight the growing role of AI in shaping e-commerce, encouraging marketers to integrate VAs into their strategies to enhance consumer engagement and satisfaction.
... The data were normally distributed (Byrne, 1998), as indicated by the skewness values ranging between −1.14 and −0.61 and the kurtosis values ranging between 0.31 and 2.01. Partial correlation coefficients suggested that academic buoyancy and perceived autonomy support were positively associated with memory strategy, goal setting, and learning responsibility, controlling for age, gender, and academic discipline. ...
... OGÖ'nün tek faktörlü yapısının Türkiye örneklemindeki geçerliğini sınamak adına faktör yapısı incelenmiştir. Bunun için Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) programı kullanılarak DFA gerçekleştirilmiştir. DFA, ölçüm aracının geliştirildiği kültürde incelenen faktör yapısının daha farklı örneklemlerde de aynı şekilde geçerli olup olmadığını test etmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır (Byrne, 1998). Bununla birlikte, genel olarak Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizinin ölçek geliştirme, DFA'nın ise ölçeğin orijinal formunun diğer dillere uyarlandığı çalışmalarda kullanıldığı belirtilmektedir (Güngör, 2016). ...
Obsessive distrust is conceptualized as an additional domain of relationship and partner-oriented obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The aim of this study was to adapt the Obsessive Distrust Inventory designed to assess symptoms of obsessive distrust into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties. The study sample consisted of 420 (227 females and 193 males) participants aged between 18-59 and stated that they were in an ongoing romantic relationship. Participants were asked to fill the scale set containing the Obsessive Distrust Inventory, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised Form, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-9, Relationship Obsessions and Compulsion Inventory, and Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory via the internet. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the factor structure of the Obsessive Distrust Inventory was found to be compatible with the one-factor structure of the original scale. Other analyzes showed that the scale had a satisfactory level of convergent and discriminant validity. At the same time, the internal consistency coefficient, the split-half test correlations, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient showed that the scale had reliability values consistent with those of the original scale. This study demonstrated that the Obsessive Distrust Inventory meets the requirements of a valid and reliable measurement instrument and is suitable for use in the Turkish sample, allowing for cross-cultural comparison.
... The participants' comprehensive age range and different educational levels allowed an indepth analysis of gender equality and career advancement. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) allows the analysis of the correlations between observed and latent variables (Byrne, 2013;Gefen et al., 2000). It has been frequently used in scale development and predetermined verification. ...
... To learn whether the model fits the data, omnibus fit statistics were used as follows: relative chi-square (χ 2 /df), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit statistic (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and standardized root mean square residual (SMRM). The cut-of-criteria to determine model fit were as follows: 1 < χ 2 /df < 5 (Byrne, 2013;Schumacker & Lomax, 2015), RMSEA < .08 , GFI > .90 (Jöreskog & Sörbom, 1984), CFI > .90 ...
Self-determination (SD) is considered one of the most relevant constructs in the field of disability,
particularly in developmental disabilities (DD). Among others, SD has been shown to have a positive
impact on variables in different life spheres of people with disabilities, like school life, transition from
school to post-school education and job market, socio-emotional, and quality of life. Within the
contemporary Causal Agency Theory, SD is defined as a dispositional characteristic manifested as acting
as the causal agent in one's own life, comprising three essential characteristics: action-control beliefs,
volitional action, agentic action. Despite the advances in international research into the SD of people with
DD, the Portuguese context lacks assessment tools and interventions to promote SD in line with the state of-the-art as well as research relating SD with other variables. The current thesis aimed (1) to provide
researchers and professionals with a valid and reliable assessment tool to evaluate SD in adults with and
without DD; and (2) to examine the relationships between SD and various contextual factors that can
serve as predictors of SD, as well as potential outcomes associated with SD in Portuguese adults with
DD. Specifically, three cross-sectional studies were carried out to (i) describe the process of translation
and adaptation of the Self-Determination Inventory: Adult Report Portuguese, as well as study the
psychometric properties of this instrument in adults with and without DD; (ii) examine the direct and
indirect relationship, through the educational attainment, of SD and community integration of adult people
with DD, and examine the influence of being supported in decision-making in the former relationship;
and, finally, (iii) study the impact of three personal and environmental factors on the three essential
characteristics of SD in the adult population with cerebral palsy. The current work presents itself as a
pioneer work in the field of SD in disability in Portugal, more specifically in DD in adulthood, contributing
to aligning Portuguese research with the international context. Both practice and research will be provided
with specific guidelines aimed at the effective promotion of SD in the population with DD.
... The model fit index is "CMIN/df = 1.911," which is less than 2 (Tabachnick et al., 2013). CFI 0.968 > 0.95 (Hu and Bentler, 1999); NFI 0.936; IFI 0.968; TLI 0.964 > 0. 95 (McDonald and Marsh, 1990;Sharma et al., 2005); SRMR = 0.030 < 0.050 (Byrne, 2013;Diamantopoulos et al., 2000); RMSEA = 0.043; PClose 0.998 > 0.05 (Hu and Bentler, 1999) are within the acceptable ranges, indicating an excellent model fit. ...
Objectives
To investigate the relationship between work–life balance and the psychological well-being of metro rail travelers working in the information technology sector. The study also examined occupational stress as a pathway between work-life balance and psychological well-being. The study also investigated the impact of occupational stress and work–life balance on the psychological well-being of metro travelers who work in the information technology sector, modeling lower- and higher-order constructs.
Methods
A quantitative survey method was used, and the data were gathered from information technology employees who frequently travel on Metro Rail to commute to the office and return home when the COVID-19 pandemic peaked in India in 2022. A structured questionnaire was developed, and a link was provided to the IT sector employees visiting almost all the metro stations in Hyderabad, an Indian Metro, to measure 8 reflective constructs. The data were gathered via random sampling, and the questionnaires were randomly distributed to the different IT sector companies. The valid responses of 500 participants were analyzed for structural equation modeling. The eight reflective constructs in the study are occupational stress, the 3 constructs of work–life balance—“work interference with personal life, personal life interference with work and work–personal life enhancement”—and the four constructs of psychological well-being autonomy, self-acceptance, positive relations, and environmental mastery.
Results
The SEM results for the lower-order constructs indicate that the impact of occupational stress on psychological well-being was statistically significant (p < 0.005), as were the two constructs of psychological well-being, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). With respect to the impact of the work–life balance constructs, the impacts of the WIPL, WPLE, and PLIW work–life balance constructs were statistically significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.001, respectively) for all four psychological well-being constructs. Occupational stress partially mediated the relationship between work–life balance and psychological well-being, as both the direct and indirect effects were statistically significant when the higher-order constructs work–life balance and psychological well-being were tested. The direct effects of occupational stress and work–life balance on psychological well-being are statistically significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The authors suggest framing policies to mitigate occupational stress and enhance the psychological well-being and work–life balance of employees in the information technology sector.
... NFI=.88, and CFI=.91. According to Byrne (1998), these fit indices indicate acceptable fit. From these values, it was determined that the scale structure had an acceptable fit. ...
The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool designed for evaluating teachers' perceptions of their proficiency in material development literacy. This tool aims to provide a structured and effective means of evaluating educators' competencies and understanding in the domain of creating educational materials. The development of such a measurement tool is crucial for obtaining accurate insights into teachers' perceptions, facilitating research on material development literacy, and guiding future interventions or training programs in the educational context. In the research, despite the participation of 1157 teachers, forms with missing data were excluded from the study. The data of 406 teachers were utilized for Explanatory Factor Analysis, and the data of 360 teachers were employed for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The analyses resulted in a 23-item Likert-type measurement tool comprising four factors: Self-Adequacy, Desire, Material Use, and Process Skill. Additionally, three open-ended questions were included to gather qualitative data, independent of the scale. The measurement tool, explaining 66.18% of the total variance, demonstrates a high level of internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of .91. In conclusion, based on the obtained values, it is affirmed that this measurement tool can be effectively utilized to assess the material literacy perception levels of teachers.
... Considering the comparatively large sample size, the changes in CFI were adopted as criteria for evaluating model differences. A decrease of 0.01 in CFI could be acceptable to determine a lack of invariance across different groups (Byrne, 1998). Table 4 reports the multi-group CFA results in different constraint levels. ...
Though the importance and benefits of students’ active role in the feedback process have been widely discussed in the literature, an instrument for measuring students’ self-feedback behavior is still lacking. This paper reports the development and validation of the Self-feedback Behavior Scale (SfBS), which comprises three dimensions (seeking, processing, and using feedback). The SfBS items were constructed in line with the self-feedback behavioral model. One thousand two hundred fifty-two high school students (Grade 10 to Grade 12) in mainland China participated in this survey. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model reaffirmed in the confirmatory factor analysis. The multi-group CFA supported the measurement invariance of the SfBS across gender. Using the SfBS can help researchers and teachers better understand students’ self-feedback behavior and optimize benefits derived from the self-feedback process.
... This book aims to help the reader both understand the statistical model of interest as well as apply that model in chosen software. It is reminiscent of the books by Byrne (1998Byrne ( , 2006Byrne ( , 2010Byrne ( , 2012 regarding the application of structural equation modeling in the respective software (LISREL, EQS, AMOS, and Mplus). And of Heck, Thomas, and Tabata's text (2010) on Multilevel Modeling with SPSS. ...
... The model fit was tested using SEM, and the CFA analysis and results are reflected in Table 2. Additionally, the findings of the correlation analysis and descriptive statistics are shown in Table 3. (Hu and Bentler, 1999). Hence, the overall fit of the measurement model was satisfactory, as the measurement fit indices displayed in Table 2 met the necessary threshold for fit measures (Byrne, 1998). Secondly, the convergent validity was measured by checking construct reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) with a minimum value of 0.7 and 0.5 individually (Hair et al., 2009). ...
The literature review reveals that cultivating cordial business-to-business (B2B) relations in the pharmaceutical industry is an overwhelming undertaking. This study seeks to investigate the effects of pharmaceutical organisations’ service quality on customer loyalty towards their future repurchase intentions of medicinal products and services, interceded by service expectations from the emerging South African pharmaceutical industry. A cross-sectional survey method using a non-probability purposive sampling procedure was employed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine the effects of the proposed study constructs from B2B customers’ viewpoint. The target population was restricted to physicians, ranging from specialists to general medical practitioners, who privately own medical treatment centres and surgeries in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The study findings reveal the need for pharmaceutical product and service suppliers organisations to shift from discrete short-term transactions to long-term relational exchanges, based on astute service quality levels that meet customer expectations and improve repurchase intentions. The study’s originality lies in its new insights into and why supplier organisations should adopt relationship marketing strategies to enhance their business survival in the pharmaceutical industry, from a B2B relational exchange perspective
Key words: B2B, Pharmaceutical industry, Repurchase intention, Service expectations, Service quality
... To analyze construct validity, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. The goodness-of-fit of the model was evaluated using various indices: the normalized chi-square, defined as the ratio of the chi-square value to the number of degrees of freedom ( χ 2/df) ( ≤3), Root Mean Standard Error of Approximation (RMSEA) ( ≤0.08), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) ( ≥0.90), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) ( ≥0.90), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) ( ≥0.90), and Incremental Fit Index (IFI) ( ≥0.90) ( Browne & Cudeck, 1993 ;Byrne, 1998 ;Hair et al., 2009 ). ...
Bu çalışmada, ölçme değişmezliği konusundaki bilimsel yayınlar bibliyometrik olarak incelenmiştir. Ölçme değişmezliği, psikometri ve ölçme-değerlendirme alanlarında kritik bir kavramdır ve farklı gruplar veya zaman dilimleri arasında aynı yapıyı ölçüp ölçmediğini belirlemeyi amaçlar. Ölçme değişmezliği sağlanmadığında, gruplar arası puan farklılıklarının gerçek yetenek farklarından mı yoksa ölçekteki sistematik hatalardan mı kaynaklandığını belirlemek güçleşir. Araştırmada, 1989-2024 yılları arasında Web of Science veri tabanında yayımlanan 9.578 makale incelenmiştir. Bibliyometrik analiz yöntemiyle makalelerin yıllara göre dağılımı, araştırmacılar, dergiler, ülkeler ve anahtar sözcükler ele alınmıştır. Ölçme değişmezliği konusundaki çalışmaların özellikle 2000'li yıllardan itibaren önemli bir artış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. En çok makale üreten ülkeler ABD, Çin ve Almanya olurken; en çok makale yayımlayan dergi "Frontiers in Psychology" olarak saptanmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler arasında "measurement invariance", "validity" ve "psychometrics" öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmalarda en sık kullanılan analiz yöntemleri arasında Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yer almaktadır. En çok atıf alan makale ise Cheung & Rensvold’un (2002) ölçme değişmezliği test indekslerini değerlendirdiği çalışmadır. Sonuç olarak, ölçme değişmezliği alanı gelişmekte olup, özellikle psikoloji, eğitim ve davranış bilimlerinde önemli bir araştırma konusudur. Çalışmaların yöntemsel çeşitliliği ve ölçme araçlarının farklı gruplarda geçerli olup olmadığını belirleme çabası alandaki temel eğilimler arasında yer almaktadır.
Purpose
This study investigates the influence of theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs on the intention to purchase sustainable clothing with the mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of materialism. Moreover, the serial mediation of sustainability as fashion (SF) and attitude has been examined between materialism and intention.
Design/methodology/approach
Data have been collected through the distribution of a structured questionnaire through mass emailing to the faculty, students and staff of a mid-sized university in the United States. Seven-point Likert-type items were adapted from established scales to measure the variables of the study. About 603 responses have been collected for further analysis. Structural equation modeling has been conducted to test the hypotheses of the study.
Findings
The components of the TPB framework have a significant effect on the intention to purchase sustainable clothing. The most significant predictor is perceived behavioral control (PBC), followed by attitude and subjective norm (SN). Materialism has no significant effect on the attitude toward sustainable clothing. SF has a significant effect on the attitude toward the purchase of sustainable clothing. The relationship between SF and intention has been partially mediated by attitude. Moreover, SF and attitude sequentially mediate the impact of materialism on the intention to purchase sustainable clothing.
Originality/value
The study extends the TPB model with a construct, which is SF. The mediating role of attitude between SF and intention to purchase sustainable clothing has been examined. Serial mediation has been applied to investigate the impact of materialism on intention to purchase sustainable clothing through SF and attitude.
Introduction
Early childhood nutrition plays a critical role in shaping lifelong health outcomes, yet preschool children in low- and middle-income countries often have poor dietary habits and limited knowledge of healthy foods. This study aimed to validate and assess the reliability of the 9-item Healthy Food Knowledge (HFK_PS) and Healthy Food Preference (HFP_PS) scales, ensuring cultural relevance for measuring food knowledge and preferences among Ethiopian preschool children aged 3–7 years.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 319 preschoolers from five randomly selected 5 kindergarten schools. Data was collected through an interactive photo-based interview with the children. A panel of ten experts assessed content validity, while construct validity was assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.
Results
The EFA identified a two-factor structure for both scales, explaining 50.91% and 50.18% of the variance for HFK_PS and HFP_PS, respectively. CFA confirmed the model fit, with all indices meeting the recommended thresholds. The HFK_PS and HFP_PS scales demonstrated good internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.80 and 0.78, respectively. Older children and those in higher grades had significantly greater food knowledge ( p < 0.001), and food preferences also improved with grade level ( p < 0.05). However, preferences remained stable across age groups ( p = 0.928). However, no significant gender differences were found. A positive correlation ( r = 0.43, p < 0.001) was found between healthy food knowledge and preferences, suggesting that increased knowledge is associated with healthier preferences.
Conclusions
The validated scales can be instrumental in evaluating preschoolers' dietary knowledge and preferences in Ethiopia. Future studies should focus on implementing these scales in nutrition education programs to assess their effectiveness in fostering long-term healthy eating habits among young children.
This study analyzed citizens’ subjective perceptions and attitudes toward housing development in Norwalk, Connecticut, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) and machine learning techniques. A survey of 580 residents was conducted to study the relationship between the willingness to buy or rent from housing projects in Norwalk and perceptions of risks, benefits, and sustainability beliefs. SEM identified latent variables influencing attitudes, including perceived risks (e.g., overcrowding and the loss of historical character), benefits (e.g., enhanced infrastructure, and job creation), and sustainability beliefs. The results revealed that perceived benefits have a stronger positive impact on citizens’ attitudes than risks, mediated by sustainability beliefs in this city. Machine learning via random forest highlighted key predictors of willingness to buy or rent, such as affordability, walkability, and public infrastructure improvements, with affordability being the most influential factor. These findings emphasize the importance of framing housing projects to align with citizens’ priorities, especially through campaigns emphasizing economic and environmental benefits. The integration of SEM and machine learning offers a robust approach to understanding citizen preferences, ensuring greater support and citizens’ acceptance for sustainable housing initiatives. These findings provide actionable insights for urban planners to understand the interrelations between concerns, perceived benefits, and beliefs to foster the social acceptance of sustainable urban policies.
Background
The Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) scale is a widely used screening tool for early identification of alcohol and other drug use, and assessing the risk of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults. Despite its broad use, translation into several languages, and validation in various settings, no study has yet confirmed the psychometric properties of a Moroccan version. The present research aims to adapt and validate the Moroccan Arabic dialect version of the CRAFFT scale among adolescents and young adults with alcohol and drug use disorder.
Methods
A total of 302 adolescents and young adults (mean age = 18.36 ± 2.36), including 161 males and 41 females, were recruited from a substance use treatment center in Fez City. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factorial structure and model fit, while internal consistency was evaluated using the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20). Convergent validity was examined using gold standard measures, including the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Hooked-on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). All statistical analyses were performed using JASP software (version 0.17).
Results
CFA revealed a one-factor structure with a good overall fit (χ²/df = 1.91, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.03, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.98, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.97. The model had strong reliability with a KR-20 coefficient of 0.80. Convergent validity was confirmed by a high and significant correlation with the MINI gold standard ( r = 0.82, p < 0.001), while a low correlation with the HONC gold standard ( r = 0.20, p < 0.001) confirmed the scale’s convergent validity. A cutoff score of 4 or higher on the CRAFFT was identified as optimal for balancing sensitivity (78.35%) and specificity (91.67%), achieving a Youden index of 0.70.
Conclusion
The psychometric properties of the Moroccan version of the CRAFFT confirm that it is a valid tool for screening the early detection of alcohol and drug use and for assessing the risk of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults.
This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of health factors, education, infrastructure availability and minimum wages on labor absorption both directly and through private investment and economic growth. This study uses secondary data in the form of life expectancy data, average length of schooling, distributed energy, provincial minimum wages, private investment (PMA and PMDN), GRDP, economic growth, and the number of working population in each province in Eastern Indonesia. The data is in the form of N The results of the study show that directly health factors, education, and provincial minimum wages have a negative and significant effect on labor absorption while infrastructure availability has a positive and significant effect. Indirectly health factors, infrastructure availability and minimum wages are able to increase labor absorption both through investment and economic growth in contrast to the education factor which has not maximized labor absorption both through investment and economic growth. This is in line with the conditions of KTI which are still dominated by informal sector employment.
Background
Individuals living with multiple chronic conditions (MCC; e.g., obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) are at an increased risk for occupational injuries, decreased work productivity, and early departure from the workforce.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey of 200 working adults with obesity and hypertension, diabetes, and/or dyslipidemia was conducted to examine the relationships across self-efficacy, physical function, and healthy behaviors in addition to their relationship with the work environment.
Findings
Self-efficacy was found to have a statistically significant positive association with physical function ( p < .001) as well as with eating behaviors ( p < .001). Full-time workers reported greater physical function than part-time workers ( p < .001), and those working in active/manual labor positions reported more physical activity compared to those working in sedentary positions ( p = .001).
Conclusion
Individuals with greater self-efficacy for managing their chronic conditions also had higher physical function capabilities and healthier eating behaviors. In addition, individuals who work full-time reported higher physical function capabilities, and those in active work positions had higher physical activity scores. Future research is needed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
Application to Practice
Occupational health nurses need to work with employees with MCC to help accommodate healthcare provider visits and/or work restrictions to allow employees to maintain full-time work in addition to encouraging sedentary workers to increase physical activity.
In Africa, informal insurance societies are still active and have historically served as the major options for low-income households seeking financial and non-financial risk protection services. Low-income households have not had access to mainstream financial services despite the existence of these arrangements because of their numerous drawbacks. This study aims to determine whether micro-Takaful adoption has the potential to increase Islamic financial inclusion among low-income households of informal risk-sharing services users in Ethiopia. The Theory of Change (ToC) was employed in this study to understand how adoption of micro-Takaful affects financial inclusion. A mixed method design was employed to achieve the objective, and primary data was collected from 654 members of informal risk-sharing arrangements through a survey. Besides, qualitative interviews were also conducted with different stakeholders. The study found that adopting micro-Takaful has a significant impact in enhancing financial inclusion by improving financial usage and financial quality but otherwise for financial access. The findings of this research will have theoretical and practical implications.
This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship education (EE) through Active Learning (AL) and the Learning Office Program (LO) on entrepreneurial development, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework. TPB emphasizes the importance of assessing intentions to initiate new ventures, focusing on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The research targeted students and graduates of the Institute of Administration and Accounting in Kabul, which is part of the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) system. A quantitative design was utilized, surveying 412 participants through established scales and stratified random sampling. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings underscore the critical role of entrepreneurship education (EE) in fostering positive entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions, with the Learning Office Program (LO) significantly influencing these constructs. In contrast, the absence of a significant relationship between Active Learning (AL) and entrepreneurial attitudes (EA) indicates that while AL may enhance entrepreneurial skills, its direct impact on attitudes is less pronounced, highlighting the need for further research into effective active learning techniques. Ultimately, the study reinforces that EE, particularly through structured programs like LO, effectively enhances entrepreneurial outcomes and offers valuable insights for policymakers and educators. The positive effects of entrepreneurship education are further amplified by the mediating roles of entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions, emphasizing the necessity of a supportive environment for aspiring entrepreneurs, especially in developing countries grappling with youth unemployment.
This study investigates the impact of government efficiency on entrepreneurship development, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of transparency, accountability, and corruption control in Afghanistan. The primary objective is to elucidate how government efficiency can enhance entrepreneurial opportunities while simultaneously introducing unintended bureaucratic challenges that affect the overall entrepreneurial landscape.
Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research analyzes secondary data, encompassing key indicators related to government efficiency, corruption control, transparency, accountability, and entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that while improved government efficiency positively influences entrepreneurial opportunities, it also brings forth bureaucratic complexities that can hinder the entrepreneurial environment, particularly for women entrepreneurs.
This research underscores the necessity for effective governance that not only mitigates corruption but also simplifies regulatory frameworks for all entrepreneurs. By emphasizing mechanisms of transparency and accountability, policymakers can foster a supportive environment for entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes sustainable economic growth in Afghanistan, focusing on the broader conditions that encourage innovation and growth rather than imposing stringent regulations.
This study explores how organizations can capture and create knowledge in supply chain relationships. In particular, this study investigated the impact of metacognitive capabilities on knowledge creation in supply chain networks. The research model was empirically verified using sample data from 151 U.S. corporations. Empirical evidence showed that organizations with strong metacognitive capabilities tend to more effectively externalize tacit knowledge gained from supply chain activities into explicit knowledge outcomes such as product and process innovations. These results suggest that organizations can better handle the complex challenges of product and process innovation when leveraging metacognitive capabilities. The practical and theoretical implications of the findings and future research agendas are discussed in depth.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.