Content uploaded by Carlos A. Mancina
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Carlos A. Mancina on Nov 24, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Diversidad biológica de Cuba: métodos de inventario, monitoreo y colecciones biológicas
Abstract
La presente obra ofrece un compendio de métodos para el inventario y el monitoreo de diferentes grupos de la biota terrestre en Cuba. Realizada con la colaboración de 71 especialistas, fue escrita fundamentalmente para estudiantes, biólogos de campo, profesionales y técnicos de la conservación, que desarrollen trabajos relacionados con las ciencias naturales. Ilustrada con esquemas y más de 850 fotografías inéditas, brinda datos actualizados sobre la diversidad cubana de hongos, briofitas, helechos, plantas superiores, moluscos terrestres, arácnidos, insectos, invertebrados cavernícolas y dulceacuícolas, peces de agua dulce, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos. Para algunos grupos se presentan claves para la identificación de órdenes y familias, además de la lista actualizada de todas las especies conocidas de moluscos terrestres y dulceacuícolas, arácnidos y las cinco clases de vertebrados. Se ofrecen buenas prácticas para la captura, manipulación y preservación de ejemplares testigos, así como un directorio con la mayoría de las instituciones cubanas que atesoran colecciones de plantas y animales. Este libro busca ofrecer una referencia metodológica primaria para el diseño de inventarios de especies y el monitoreo de la diversidad biológica.
... Los métodos de captura utilizados in situ fueron los expuestos por diversos investigadores (Torres-López et al., 2017), en Diversidad biológica de Cuba. ...
... Los materiales y métodos utilizados para la observación y colecta de las especies de reptiles, fueron efectivas, no obstante, se debe mencionar que, al no contar con varas profesionales, con el nudo corredizo, se confeccionaron estas con ramas de los árboles, lo que no se discrepa de lo planteado por otros autores (Torres-López et al., 2017). ...
Living reptiles are easy to recognize with the naked eye, however, they are diffi cult to defi ne due to morphological heterogeneity and phylogenetic complexity of the group. Th e objective of this research is to determine the species of reptiles found in the semi-deciduous forest located in the town of Buena Vista, municipality of Remedios, province of Villa Clara, Cuba. For the development of the research, the following capture methods were used: capture by means of a rod with a sliding knot, capture by hand, by means of a terrestrial trap with a diversion fence in combination with pit and cylinder traps, opportunistic collection, visual encounter, limited time collection and capture by means of thick leashes. Site visits were conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, covering all seasons of the year. As a result of the field work in situ, 19 species of reptiles belonging to four families were detected in the study area, which constitute new localities for Cuba, with 63.2% of endemism. Arrhyton doluchura (Werner, 1909), which is in the vulnerable category, according to the Red Book of Cuban vertebrates, was detected in the study area.
... Within the Caribbean, Cuba is the largest island in the Antilles, has the greatest documented diversity of arachnids and their arachnological information in general is higher than that of the other islands. Nonetheless, knowledge of the true diversity of arachnids is still far from fully known (Mancina & Cruz Flores, 2017). To date, Cuba has reported the presence of around 500 species of spiders, of which about 40 are members of the infraorder Mygalomorphaae (WSC, 2024). ...
The spiders of the genus Trichopelma Simon, 1888 present in Cuba, are revised. Currently, the genus Trichopelma comprises 22 known species distributed in the
Caribbean, and Central and the upper region of South America. Cuba currently hosts
five valid species and, in this study, the descriptions of seven new species distributed throughout the island are presented: T. baracoense sp. nov. (♂♀, Guantanamo prov.), T. cheguevarai sp. nov. (♂, Ciego de Ávila prov.), T. citma sp. nov. (♀, Granma prov.), T. fidelcastroi sp. nov. (♂♀, Holguín prov.), T. granmense sp. nov. (♂♀, Granma prov.), T. rudloffi sp. nov. (♂♀, Holguín prov.) and T. soroense sp. nov. (♂♀, Artemisa prov.). Based on morphological characters, a cladistic analysis was performed, revealing the phylogenetic position of the new species compared to the species previously described. Based on this phylogeny, morphological characters and close proximity in distribution, T. banksia Özdikmen & Demir, 2012 syn. n., is proposed as a junior synonym of T. cubanum (Simon, 1903). The genus Thalerommata Ausserer, 1871 is reported from Cuba for the first time, with the description of T. anae sp. nov. (♂, Sancti Spíritus prov.).
... Con la finalidad de facilitar el trabajo de los expertos se elaboraron dos encuestas (Garúa & Fernández, 2008) en las cuales se refleja una serie de indicadores que permitieron valorar el programa del Curso Complementario. Para conocer el nivel de competencia de los expertos se empleó el cálculo del coeficiente K (Tabla 1), el cual se determina a partir de la autoevaluación que cada aspirante realiza de su propio nivel de conocimientos en relación al problema a valorar (Mengual, 2011;Zayas-Agüero, 2011;García-Rodríguez & Morfee-Rodríguez, 2017;Armiñana-García et al., 2020ab). Los autores de la investigación establecieron que, aquellos expertos que obtuvieron una puntuación menor a 0,8, no fueron contemplados en el estudio. ...
La taxidermia es un encuentro entre la ciencia, la técnica y el arte en favor de la educación y la cultura científica. El trabajo de investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo: proponer un Curso complementario de taxidermia básica para los escolares del 2do año de la carrera de Maestros Primarios de la Escuela Pedagógica “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”, enclavada en la ciudad de Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Para la realización de la investigación se utilizaron los métodos de recopilación de información y de procesamiento de la información reunida en su interrelación dialéctica, dentro de este último se destaca la observación y la encuesta. Se pudo constatar, que en dicha institución no existe objetos naturales, dígase animales conservados en líquido o disecados, que faciliten una mejor comprensión al utilizarlos como medio de enseñanza de los contenidos concerniente con el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de la Biología y los escolares como los profesores poseen insuficiencias relacionadas con el montaje de colecciones en líquido y el disecado de animales. En tal sentido se elaboró un programa para el curso complementario de taxidermia básica, el cual se sometió a criterios de expertos para su valoración. La implementación de dicho programa posibilitó, el montaje de diferentes colecciones de animales por parte de los escolares del 2do año de la carrera de Maestros Primarios de la Escuela Pedagógica “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”.
... Con la finalidad de facilitar el trabajo de los expertos se elaboraron dos encuestas (Garúa & Fernández, 2008) en las cuales se refleja una serie de indicadores que permitieron valorar el programa del Curso Complementario. Para conocer el nivel de competencia de los expertos se empleó el cálculo del coeficiente K (Tabla 1), el cual se determina a partir de la autoevaluación que cada aspirante realiza de su propio nivel de conocimientos en relación al problema a valorar (Mengual, 2011;Zayas-Agüero, 2011;García-Rodríguez & Morfee-Rodríguez, 2017;Armiñana-García et al., 2020ab). Los autores de la investigación establecieron que, aquellos expertos que obtuvieron una puntuación menor a 0,8, no fueron contemplados en el estudio. ...
Taxidermy is an encounter between science, technique, and art in favor of education and scientific culture. The objective of this research work is to propose a complementary course of basic taxidermy for students in the second year of the Primary Teachers' career at the Pedagogical School "Manuel Ascunce Domenech", located in the city of Santa Clara, province of Villa Clara, Cuba. To carry out the research, the methods of information gathering and processing of the information gathered in their dialectic interrelation were used, within the latter, observation and survey stand out. It was found that in this institution there are no natural objects, namely animals preserved in liquid or dissected, which facilitate a better understanding when using them as a means of teaching the contents related to the teaching-learning process of Biology, and the students and teachers have insufficiencies related to the assembly of collections in liquid and the dissection of animals. In this sense, a program for the complementary course of basic taxidermy was elaborated and submitted to expert criteria for its evaluation. The implementation of this program made possible the assembly of different collections of animals by the students of the second year of the Primary Teachers' course of the Pedagogical School "Manuel Ascunce Domenech".
... ramsdeni) regions in 2005 and 2002 respectively. A chronological view of the rate of deforestation in Central Cuba was presented by Mancina et al. (2017). Monitoring the loss of habitat and the management of forests for P. longinasus and taxonomically related taxa is also critical for other species that share the same habitats, particularly in the western part of the island where they are most affected. ...
This chapter provides an integrative review of the diversity of Cuba's amphibians, main historical contributions, red lists, taxonomic comments considered relevant, threats, distribution patterns, reproductive patterns, ecological aspects, conservation and representation in the National System of Protected Areas. This chapter aims to serve as a basis for the implementation of a national action plan for amphibians in the Cuban archipelago.
In order to monitor the morphologic indicators and the organisms caused of plagues associated to Moringa oleifera two tests were conducted: nursery and field. The treatments were represented by six moringa origin, collected in three provinces of the country. In nursery, a total of 396 polyethylene bags were used in a completely random design, with 66 repetitions. In field, a random block design with three replications was applied. In both test the arthropods and associated pathogens were monitoring. The phytosanitary damage and morphologic indicators of the crop growing were evaluated. In nursery phase, the plants did not have economic damages by harmful organisms and showed favorable grow indicators. Therefore, in field, the new transplant plantlets were affected by strong attacks of Atta insularis, which caused defoliation and plantlets loss. The survival has similar average ranges in all origins. The count of branches was better in the origins 4 and 6 with 4.40 and 4.18, respectively. The height, at 120 days after the transplant, showed sizes higher than 145 cm, in the origins 2 and 6. The higher stem thickness (31.2 mm) was showed in the origin 2. It is concluded that the evaluated origins, according to their morphologic indicators performance have potentialities for their use. It is recommended to continue with the phytosanitary alertness of the crop and to regulate the forage activity of A. insularis until achieving the moringa establishment. It should be alert in the fruiting phase of the incidence of Gitona sp. fly to minimize the damage to the seeds, to avoid the secondary presence of pathogens and to allow the harvest of healthy seeds.
Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que tiene para la agricultura la descontrolada expulsión al medio de residuales industriales, se realiza el presente trabajo con el objetivo de valorar la posibilidad de reciclaje de los residuales sólidos (Lodo residual) de la empresa Cerámica Blanca ubicada en el municipio San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba, mediante su reutilización durante el proceso productivo, para lograr producciones limpias y reducir la carga de residuales que se expulsa al medio. Esta empresa a pesar de ser una fuente económica en el país, representa un foco de contaminación ambiental por los residuales que expulsa al agroecosistema aledaño dedicado al cultivo de hortalizas, plantas medicinales y el libre pastoreo, afectando la seguridad alimentaria local, ya que estos residuales contienen altos contenidos de metales pesados. Se determinaron las propiedades físico-mecánicas de las mezclas empleadas en la producción y se realizó una valoración económica teniendo en cuenta la producción diaria y los costos unitarios. Se pudo comprobar que con la mezcla al 15% de los residuales la preparación de pasta en el proceso productivo de la empresa, se obtuvo los mejores resultados, y se encuentran entre los estándares recomendados, lo que representa en el año una ganancia de más 111 MPMN. Heavy Metals, Pollution, Environment. INTRODUCCIÓN En la actualidad existe un nivel de concientización sobre la necesidad de disponer de un medio ambiente aceptable en todos los órdenes, siendo la contaminación uno de los más sensibles desde el punto de vista social y humano. Las consecuencias más evidentes se presentan en los entornos agrario y rural actual según Soto et al. (2020), causado fundamentalmente por la implementación de estrategias de desarrollo que han hecho poco caso a procesos ecológicos (Valdés et al., 2018).
An expansive and detailed review of the biology of Caribbean amphibians, considering their threats, conservation and outlook in a changing world. Amphibians are the group of vertebrates undergoing the fastest rate of extinction; it is urgent that we understand the causes of this and find means of protecting them. This landmark illustrated volume brings together the leading experts in the field. As well as offering an overview of the region as a whole, individual chapters are devoted to each island or island-group and the measures used to protect their amphibians through legislation or nature reserves. The biological background of insular biogeography, including its methods, analysis and results, is reviewed and applied specifically to the problems of Caribbean amphibians – this includes a re-examination of patterns and general ideas about the status of amphibians in the Anthropocene. The Conservation and Biogeography of Amphibians in the Caribbean offers an important baseline against which future amphibian conservation can be measured in the face of climate change, rising sea level and a burgeoning human population.
The natural history and conservation status of the West Indian endemic freshwater crabs of the genus Epilobocera are poorly known. Several species have restricted distributions and apparently specific ecological requirements, which make them particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Epilobocera capolongoi is known to occur exclusively in mountain streams and rivers above 300 m elevation in the Guamuhaya Massif, central Cuba. In addition to the publication with the original description, there is only one paper exclusively on this species, which reported it as being preyed upon by a heron and recorded it from some additional localities in the vicinity of Topes de Collantes, provinces of Cienfuegos and Sancti Spíritus. Epilobocera capolongoi is herein reported from Pico San Juan Ecological Reserve and Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve, which expands its geographic range to about 60 km and its elevation to 1,000 m. The species was found living sympatric with the congeneric Epilobocera cubensis poliorcetes in Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve, but apparently there exists some habitat segregation between them. Some phenotypic characters important to distinguish both species are described, some basic data on their natural history are provided, and an assessment of the conservation status of E. capolongoi following current IUCN criteria is made.
Geographical ranges and physiological tolerances of species are correlated, and it can be expected that widespread species encounter higher climatic variation across their distributions than restricted species. Widespread species should consequently be more tolerant to extreme or variable weather conditions, and may have the ability to better conserve their current geographical ranges under future climate change scenarios. We tested this hypothesis by studying the relationship between the climatic variation experienced by restricted and widespread Anolis lizards from different ecomorphs and regions of Cuba and the distributional shifts induced by climate change. We selected seven bioclimatic variables from WorldClim to characterize the realized climatic niche of 12 Cuban anoles, where the coefficients of variation of each variable were taken as a measure of climatic variation. We used niche modeling to predict changes in suitable habitats under future climatic scenarios. We found that species from Eastern Cuba occupy areas with the highest climatic variation, likely related to the topography of the region. Crown giant anoles experienced habitats with lower climatic variation in comparison with species from other ecomorphs, which together with their tree canopy habitat and large body size may represent a disadvantage to face changing climates. All species will experience a severe decrease in their habitat suitability, with the Western species being predicted to lose a higher proportion of suitable habitat. Combining niche modeling with physiological data would better predict the effects of climate change on Cuban lizards and might allow taking management actions for species and habitats to mitigate the possible negative impacts of this phenomenon.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.