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Comunicación, cuidado y vida en la diversidad. Una propuesta de formación intercultural.
Abstract
Sumar voluntades para trabajar en la construcción de una sociedad intercultural, esta puede ser la frase que mejor defina el sentido de este libro. Partiendo del conocimiento profundo del tema por su trayectoria en esta línea de investigación, experiencias, compromiso social y profesión; la enfermería, el autor profundiza en la diversidad cultural y su implicación en las relaciones interculturales que se crean en el campo de la Salud, similares a las que se establecen en otros ámbitos de nuestra vida. Reflexiona sobre los límites y condicionamientos sociales que determinan la convivencia y comunicación con quien es catalogado como diferente, aportando estrategias para superarlos y conseguir ser más libre para relacionarse en un entorno diverso. El curso-taller de formación intercultural de la parte final es una propuesta novedosa que aborda los principales conceptos en torno a la interculturalidad y las migraciones, trabaja los estereotipos y prejuicios y aporta las habilidades sociales y comunicativas necesarias para las relaciones interculturales mediante una metodología participativa, experiencial y emocional.
Supplementary resource (1)
... Our results show a series of common cultural elements that form part of the identity of the Romani people, their own cultural identity that is not taken into consideration by the health services [22]. Values such as an extended family or the view of sickness as the absence of health [23] are not recognized or correctly addressed, which creates conflicts and tense situations at health services [6,13]. ...
The Romani are the main European ethnic minority. The Romani people’s situation of social vulnerability and their difficulties in accessing the health system, make their health indicators worse than those of the non-Romani population. The present study will delve into the health beliefs and experiences with health services and their professionals through the perspectives of Romani women. In this qualitative study, 16 women of different ages were interviewed in a city located in the South of Spain. Four themes emerged from the analysis of data: the construction of the identity of Romani women, difficulties in life, health and disease beliefs and barriers in the access to the health system. We conclude that every project for the improvement of the health of the Romani community must take into account the active participation of Romani women and must consider the principles of Cultural Safety, by delving into the intercultural training of health professionals and addressing the social determinants of health which affect the Romani collective.
The Romani are the main European ethnic minority. The Romani people’s situation of
social vulnerability and their difficulties accessing the health system make their health indicators
worse than those of the non-Romani population. The present study will delve into health beliefs, and
experiences with health services and professionals, through the perspectives of Romani women. In
this qualitative study, 16 women of different ages were interviewed in a city located in the South of
Spain. Four themes emerged from the analysis of the data: the construction of the identity of Romani
women, difficulties in life, health and disease beliefs and barriers to accessing the health system. We
conclude that every project for the improvement of the health of the Romani community must take
into account the active participation of Romani women and must consider the principles of Cultural
Safety, by delving into the intercultural training of health professionals and addressing the social
determinants of health which affect the Romani collective.
Approximately 200 million women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM) worldwide. Migration has spread the practice of FGM around the world, thus making it a global public health issue. The objective of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of Sub-Saharan immigrant women in Spain in relation to the causes of the persistence of FGM. In-depth interviews were carried out with 13 female FGM survivors of African origin, followed by inductive data analysis using ATLAS.ti software. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) A family ritual symbolic of purification and (2) a system of false beliefs and deception in favour of FGM. The FGM survivors living in Europe are aware that FGM is a practice that violates human rights yet persists due to a system of false beliefs rooted in family traditions and deception that hides the reality of FGM from young girls or forces them to undergo the practice. The ritualistic nature of FGM and the threat of social exclusion faced by women who have not had it performed on them contributes to its persistence nowadays.
The migrant population has increased in recent years and, as a result, so has cultural diversity. Universities are incorporating specific modules addressing cultural diversity. However, the native population has negative attitudes towards immigrants, as they believe that immigrants receive more social benefits and abuse healthcare services. Nurses may have these attitudes too, which may affect the way they treat patients. The objective of this study was to determine nursing students' attitudes towards the rights of the migrant population. This is a descriptive ex post facto study using a cross-sectional design, with 821 nursing students in Melilla, Ceuta, and Almeria, Spain. An anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. Students recognize the same rights for both the immigrant and native populations. More than 80% of the sample upholds the right of undocumented immigrants and their families to access publicly funded healthcare. Attitudes were more positive among students with a Berber background and first-year students. Students approved of the right of immigrants and their families to healthcare and education. The students' negative attitudes towards the social rights of immigrants need to be addressed with intercultural training to reduce their prejudices as future professionals in a multicultural society.
As a result of migratory movements, many families of foreign origin have settled in the province of
Almería (Spain), which now has an estimated 100,000 inhabitants of Muslim tradition. Objetives:1. To
determine the importance of the family environment for patients living within the Muslim culture. 2.To
consider the implications for nursing practice of the relationship between healthcare personnel and Muslim
patients and their families. Method. In this qualitative study, data were compiled by means of open-ended
interviews and discussion groups with people from a Muslim background admitted to public hospitals in
the province of Almeria. Discourse analysis was applied to the data obtained. Results. Thirty-six patient
interviews took place and two discussion groups were conducted. The participants emphasised the value
they placed on the family environment as a fundamental aspect of their life experience and development.
Being accompanied by relatives in the hospital was considered to be important, contributing to a more
satisfactory recovery, and similarities in this respect were observed with cultural values in Andalusia. The
participants appreciated it when medical staff involved the family in the patient’s health care, viewing this
as an expression of cultural respect. Conclusions. Nursing staff should be aware of the importance granted
by Muslim patients to the family environment and should be encouraged to involve the family in patient
care, as an ally during the hospital experience.
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