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Role of Social Media in Tourism: A Literature Review.
... Sekalipun penulis tidak menunjukkan angka-angka peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat, namun dalam observasi lapangan terlihat geliat ekonomi masyarakat untuk melayani pengunjung. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa berita, kabar, gambar atau segala informasi terkait wisata baru dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh publik lewat smartphone yang dimiliki, bahkan menjadi viral akibat tangan-tangan netizen yang bekerja secara un organik (Tafveez, 2017). Dalam kasus Dusun Butuh bahkan sempat masuk dalam daftar lima destinasi wisata di Jawa yang mendadak terkenal dan paling populer sepanjang tahun 2020 (Alfadillah & Novianti, 2020). ...
... Instagram atau sosial medialah platform yang berperan besar dalam mempromosikannya. Instagram memang memiliki kekuatan di bidang visual, sejalan dengan menguatnya budaya visual masyarakat khususnya generasi baru (Imam, 2017;Tafveez, 2017). Seringkali menjadi sarana untuk mendorong masyarakat menciptakan suatu tren yang tanpa disadari dapat mendorong orang lain untuk melakukan hal yang sama. ...
... Karena secara sadar, ketertarikan warga masyarakat dalam mengunjungi lokasi wisata sangat dipengaruhi oleh apa yang dilihat dan diperbincangkan oleh publik. Keputusankeputusan tersebut menempatkan bahwa sosial media terbukti memainkan perannya yang sangat signifikan dalam melahirkan persepsi, keputusan, dan pilihan-pilihan masyarakat (Tafveez, 2017). ...
Butuh Hamlet is one of the hamlets in Magelang Regency which last year went viral because of its beautiful natural scenery. "Netizens" call on social media, especially Instagram, the title "Nepal van Java", because the natural panorama and the terraced houses follow the contours of the land, similar to the landscape in Nepal. The viral impact of the Butuh Hamlet has increased the number of domestic tourists and slowly the hamlet has turned into a new popular tourist location. This study aims to determine the influence of social media on the increase and attractiveness of the "Nepal van Java" tour or Butuh Hamlet. With the survey method via google form and observation, the authors took a random sample of 60 people with certain criteria, including "netizens" owning a smartphone and being active on social media. Data analysis uses quantitative analysis techniques with a descriptive approach. The results of the study show that social media has a major influence on the tourist attraction of visiting "Nepal van Java". Instagram has become a social media that plays an important role in promoting this destination. In summary, social media can prove to be a means of short-term promotion for tourism as evidenced by the significant jump in visitors in a short time at "Nepal van Java".
... This campaign was largely formulated for the greater liberalization of trade and investment and deregulation and privatization of the Indian markets ( Mir, 2017( Mir, ,p.1123. The campaign was facilitated under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014 to facilitate job creation, foster innovation, and make India a viable investment and manufacturing hub for investors from all over the country. ...
... Further, it acts as a key instrument in attracting international economic integration to any economy ( Mir, 2017( Mir, ,p.1123). In the case of developing countries like India, there is a significant deficit in savings as compared to investments. ...
As a nation, India has been seen as an emerging market due to its booming growth in manufacturing, business-friendly reforms, political stability, and budding tourism. Its vast potential has attracted much attention on the global front. This study aims to potentially explore the role of nation branding and destination branding in India to boost image and reputation. After exploring the two concepts of nation branding and destination branding, both are identified to be multifaceted where the different disciplinary insights should be integrated. The paper navigates the relationship between nation branding and nation identity and delves into the intricacy of the 'Incredible India' and 'Make in India' campaigns, as a mechanism for nation branding. This paper also looks into Simon Anholt's perspective of nation branding which suggests that "nation brand" can be enhanced with the help of strategy, substance, and symbolic actions. Further, the paper sheds light on image and reputation being correlated and are important tools when it comes to nation image. The study continues to analyse press releases and Twitter posts of both campaigns to determine their efforts toward nation-building. The study further concludes that more integration is required not only between destination branding and nation branding but between practitioners and scholars in both domains to further strengthen the scope of the theoretical and practical foundation of these disciplines. 3
... To reduce constraints and speed up computation, Kotiloglu et al. [16] integrated ARMA model with the improved grey Markov model to project the number of tourists and foreign exchange income of Mount Taishan. Inspired by multivariate time series analysis, Mir [17] established an ARMA model based on the relevance between tourist flow and Baidu index of tourist spots, and applied the model to predict the tourist flow of a section of the Great Wall in Beijing. ...
... x t x t v t + = + + (17) where, c1 and c2 are acceleration factors; ω is the inertia weight; pbest is the best-know position of the i-th particle at the t-th iteration; gbest is the best-known position of the swarm at the tth iteration. ...
In recent years, China has been expanding domestic demand and promoting the service industry. This is a mixed blessing for the further development of tourism. To make accurate prediction of tourist flow, this paper proposes a tourist flow prediction model for scenic areas based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) of neural network (NN). Firstly, a system of influencing factors was constructed for the tourist flow in scenic areas, and the factors with low relevance were eliminated through grey correlation analysis (GCA). Next, the long short-term memory (LSTM) NN was optimized with adaptive PSO, and used to establish the tourist flow prediction model for scenic areas. After that, the workflow of the proposed model was introduced in details. Experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively predict the tourist flow in scenic areas, and provide a desirable prediction tool for other fields.
... Researchers suggest that mooring factors serve as stabilizers or catalysts, shaping individuals' responses to push and pull factors. Social Influence (SI) plays a role in shaping user actions and decisions in contexts like tourism services and reservations nowadays because of its strong influence over people's behaviors and choices in the field of travel and leisure activities, as highlighted by Tafveez (2017). Choo et al.'s (2016) research provides evidence to suggest that norms and peer pressure impact how people view and prepare for their future visits to festivals or tourist spots, highlighting the influence of social norms and peer endorsements on individual decision-making. ...
Artificial intelligence-based bath bed reservation services signify a novel evaluation of consumer behavior in densely populated tourist destinations. The phenomenon of overcrowded beaches, particularly during the peak summer months at well-known public beaches in Europe, has increased demand during rush hours. The research aims to clarify the key factors that influence the use of these applications, primarily on mobile phones, by applying the Push-Pull-Mooring Theory, in addition to identifying the primary causes of the high demand and the importance of staying close to the shore when sunbathing. The study emphasizes the impact of perceived risk and enjoyment on user behavior, taking into account the influence of social factors in shaping these choices. Comprehending these factors is essential for enhancing user engagement and service adoption in the digital realm, offering insights not only for app owners, hotel managers, and beach bar managers but also contributing to the self-identification of consumers during their holidays. The emergence of reservations lacking genuine interaction with staff highlights a novel business opportunity that enhances the tourism experience.
... However, where can tourism-promoting agencies spot would-be visitors? Social media is gaining an increasing role in tourism promotion [8][9][10], acting as a modern and wide-ranging version of word-of-mouth (eWoM) mechanisms [11,12]. eWoM is particularly significant for tourism [13][14][15]. ...
The problem of understanding and predicting tourist behavior in choosing their destinations is a long-standing one. The first step in the process is to understand users’ intention to visit a country, which may later translate into an actual visit. Would-be tourists may express their intention to visit a destination on social media. Being able to predict their intention may be useful for targeted promotion campaigns. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to predict visit (or revisit) intentions based on the texts in posts on social media. The algorithm relies on a neural network sentence-transformer architecture using optimized embedding and a logistic classifier. Employing two real labeled datasets from Twitter (now X) for training, the algorithm achieved 90% accuracy and balanced performances over the two classes (visit intention vs. no-visit intention). The algorithm was capable of predicting intentions to visit with high accuracy, even when fed with very imbalanced datasets, where the posts showing the intention to visit were an extremely small minority.
... The modern way of discovering, learning, building trust, and generating knowledge about tourism suppliers and destinations is ultimately transformed by social media into cost-effective and efficient for both travelers and local suppliers (Sigala, 2012). In contrast, social networking helps to generate E-word of mouth or called E-feedback after experiencing the destination which helps potential customers to plan vacation based on reviews of previous visitors (Tafveez, 2017). However, social media & Sri Lanka tourism-related research are rarely discussed. ...
In Sri Lanka, the use of social media for the travel and tourism industry is in its growth stage. Businesses use social media to be discovered and become part of travelers’ engagement in decision-making. This study aims at identifying the impact of social media on the travel decision-making process of travelers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 hospitality and tourism undergraduates in Sri Lankan universities using cluster and purposive sampling techniques. The collected data were then analyzed by using content analysis to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings revealed a strong effect of social media on university undergraduates’ travel decision-making and their willingness to engage with social media as the mode of information source. Further, the most appropriate social media platforms to promote Sri Lankan tourism destinations were also identified through this study. It is recommended that travelers use diversified information sources active engagement, seek authenticity, and exercise caution when verifying information. Put succinctly, the support of the public and private sectors is verily needed for the stability and utilization of social media for promoting Sri Lankan tourism destinations.
... Travelers use various platforms, including social media, as a source of up-to-date information to plan their holiday vacations (Mir, 2017). However, ChatGPT, based on large language models, made inroads into academia quickly (Williams et al., 2023). ...
Purpose-The present study's aims are twofold: 1) to contribute to theory development by accounting for both personality and trust in the conceptualization of technology acceptance using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the theoretical framework; and 2) to explore the influence of ChatGPT-integrated chatbots on tourism behavior. Design/methodology/approach-The target population for this study was travelers who previously used technology (website/ app) to plan their holiday abroad. An online survey questionnaire created with Google Forms was distributed via a panel company (iPanel). A screening question was included to filter out respondents who have not previously used technological means to plan their holiday abroad. A panel company (iPanel) was hired to collect data from a convenience sample of 305 Israeli tourists who met the above criterion between August 22 and 27, 2023, and were at least 18. Findings-A significant and positive relationship was observed between trust in ChaptGPT and perceived usefulness. Furthermore, a significant and positive association was observed between perceived ease of use and intentions to use ChatGPT-integrated chatbots to plan future holidays. Post hoc analyses suggest that perceived ease of use mediates the relationship between extraversion and trust, trust mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness and age moderates the relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intentions. Research limitations/implications-Data was collected from a convenience sample of Israeli travelers. Hence, generalizations to other countries, nationalities and cultures should be treated carefully; the study is cross-sectional and thus represents respondents' beliefs and behavioral intentions at a particular time; and the study is based on one of several theoretical frameworks that can be used to conceptualize behaviors associated with using AI by tourists. Practical implications-The findings of the present study point to the importance of accounting for tourists' personal factors, such as personality and age, in developing AI products in the tourism industry. chief executive officers and relevant shareholders would benefit from conducting market research to obtain insights into the factors that may enhance or hamper tourists' adoption of AI-based technology for planning their holidays abroad. Originality/value-Previous work falls short of accounting for personality traits and trust in a single model using the TAM framework. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study empirically investigating tourism behavior related to ChatGPT based chatbots as a tool to plan future holidays abroad. Furthermore, the possible role of age as a moderating variable was overlooked in past research. An alisis de la influencia de ChatGPT en el comportamiento turístico utilizando el Modelo de Aceptaci on de la Tecnología Resumen Objetivo: Los objetivos del presente ossib son dos: 1) contribuir al ossibleo de la teoría incorporando la personalidad y confianza en la conceptualizaci on de la aceptaci on de la tecnología empleando el Modelo de Aceptaci on de la Tecnología como marco te orico; 2) analizar la influencia de los chatbots integrados en ChatGPT en el comportamiento turístico. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: La poblaci on objetivo de este ossib fueron los viajeros que anteriormente utilizaban tecnología (p agina web/aplicaci on) para planificar sus vacaciones en el extranjero. Se distribuy o un cuestionario online creado con Google Forms a trav es de una empresa de paneles (iPanel). Se incluy o una pregunta de selecci on para filtrar a los encuestados que no habían utilizado previamente medios tecnol ogicos para planificar sus vacaciones en el extranjero. Se contrat o a una empresa de paneles (iPanel) para recopilar datos de una muestra de conveniencia de 305 turistas israelíes que cumplieron el criterio anterior entre el 22 y el 27 de ossib de 2023, y con una edad ossib de 18 años. Resultados: Se identific o una relaci on ossibleon y ossible entre la confianza en ChaptGPT y la utilidad percibida. Adem as, se evidenci o una asociaci on ossibleon y ossible entre la facilidad de uso percibida y la intenci on de ossible chatbots integrados en ChatGPT para planificar futuras vacaciones. Los an alisis post-hoc sugieren que la facilidad de uso percibida media la relaci on entre la ossibleon y la confianza; la confianza media la relaci on entre la facilidad de uso percibida y la utilidad percibida, y la edad modera la relaci on entre la facilidad de uso percibida y las intenciones de comportamiento. Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigaci on: 1) los datos se recopilaron de una muestra de conveniencia de viajeros israelíes. Por tanto, las generalizaciones a otros países, nacionalidades y culturas deben tratarse con cuidado; 2) el ossib es transversal y, por tanto, representa las creencias y las intenciones de comportamiento de los encuestados en un momento determinado; 3) el ossib se basa en uno de los diversos marcos te oricos que pueden emplearse para conceptualizar la intenci on de los turistas de ossible chatbots integrados en ChatGPT para planificar futuras vacaciones en el extranjero. Implicaciones ossible: Los resultados del presente ossib señalan la importancia de tener en cuenta los factores personales de los turistas, como la personalidad y la edad, en el ossibleo de chatbots basados en ChatGPT para su uso en la industria turística. Los directores de tecnología y los stakeholders relevantes se beneficiarían de investigaci on de mercado para obtener informaci on sobre los factores que pueden mejorar o dificultar la adopci on de chatbots basados en ChatGPT por parte de los turistas para planificar futuras vacaciones en el extranjero. Originalidad: Los trabajos anteriores no tienen en cuenta los rasgos de personalidad y la confianza en un unico modelo utilizando ossible TAM. Este es el primer ossib que investiga empíricamente el comportamiento turístico relacionado con los chatbots basados en ChatGPT como herramienta para planificar las futuras vacaciones en el extranjero. Adem as, en investigaciones anteriores no se ossible el ossible papel de la edad como variable moderadora. Palabras clave Comportamiento turístico, Modelo de aceptaci on de la tecnología, Rasgos de personalidad, Intenciones de comportamiento, Confianza Tipo de papel Trabajo de investigaci on j TOURISM REVIEW j
... The influence of social media in altering the tourism industry has been widely acknowledged in the realm of literature [15,16] . Research has shed light on the phenomenon of previously unknown destinations gaining popularity as a result of viral social media campaigns or endorsements by influential individuals [17][18][19] . ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global tourism industry, and "Revenge Tourism" has emerged in Banyumas Regency. This study examines the complex relationship between social media, pandemic travel, and overtourism. We combined quantitative social media analytics with qualitative stakeholder insights using the MAXQDA research tool and a mixed-methods approach. This analysis clarified the complex relationships between the factors above. Following the pandemic, Banyumas saw a 70% increase in tourists and a 55% increase in social media interactions. These findings show how digital platforms boost Banyumas' visibility and the challenges and opportunities that come with tourism. This study emphasizes sustainable tourism and environmental conservation. To mitigate overtourism's adverse effects, it emphasizes specific interventions. This research gives the global tourism industry valuable insights into post-pandemic tourism management.
... Bowen and Whalen (2017) in his study focused on UGC (user generated content) to study consumer behavior and his research shows that social media is in growth stage of life cycle and also suggest to focus more on millennial than baby boomers. Mir (2017) in his study found out some negative impact of using social media such as theft , privacy issues and misleading advertisements following with fraud and fake survey. Alghizzawi et al. (2018) determined that information efficiency, accessibility and accuracy has positively impacted tourism and concluded that training should be given to employers engaged in tourism to make effective use of technology. ...
Media is considered fourth pillar of democracy which has power to change opinion and thought process of people. Now a day's media is considered as a key of communication and used to exchange information, reviews etc. Tourism industry is flourishing and contribution a major part in GDP also creating new opportunities. This paper aims to identify different factors of social media that are impacting tourism and how social media can be used for the betterment of tourism industry.
... Consumer travel decisions have many components, such as pre-trip destination selection, accommodation reservation, and choice of length of stay and specific tourism activities (Liu et al., 2020). Social networks have a significant impact on the development of tourism, both on the side of tourist supply in terms of the implementation of various stages the creation and placement of services, and on the side of tourist demand during the entire travel process, from deciding on, the stay in the destination itself and activities after returning from it (Mir, 2017). In recent times, social networks have been extremely popular media for the promotion of tourist destinations, which have significant advantages compared to traditional channels primarily due to two-way communication with the target market and the opportunity to exchange opinions, views, criticism and suggestions (Tran & Rudolf, 2022). ...
Social media is becoming an essential source of travel information for potential travelers. By using the functions of social networks, identifying the target audience, and creating exciting content, tourism offer holders can promote the offer and activities to a broader audience and cultivate meaningful relationships with potential and loyal users. Offer holders in modern business must accept the opportunity that TikTok, as currently the most visited social network, offers and add this platform to their marketing strategies on social networks. TikTok's influence on the travel industry is growing, with tourists increasingly turning to the platform to find travel inspiration, discover their next vacation destination, or plan their next trip. The paper explores TikTok's impact on tourists' travel decisions. People from the millennials (1980-1994) and the Z generation (1995-2009) in the Republic of Serbia represent 113 respondents. The analysis results show significant differences in the factors influencing the decision to travel according to the age structure of respondents who use TikTok. This paper enriches existing domestic and foreign research on the topic of tourists' travel decision-making based on the use of social networks. The results of this research can help tourism offer owners use TikTok and short videos more effectively to promote their offer.
... Online reviews have also been studied extensively. The study also found a less explored area, that is, fake news or misinformation, which harms the tourism industry (Fedeli, 2020;Tafveez, 2017). It can be an area for future researchers (Gössling, 2017). ...
Social media is an effective communication and information-sharing tool for tourism enterprises and organisations. Tourism marketing shall tap the growing popularity of social media and internet users, embracing a technological shift by optimising the potential of social media. This research study evaluates the academic journal articles related to social media in the tourism industry published on EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar academic databases from 2005 to 2022. The article adopts a content analysis approach to review the articles and to evaluate the present state of knowledge of social media marketing in academic literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is used for reporting and screening the review papers. The articles were coded and categorised under six major themes: Marketing, Destination experience/image, Tourism recovery, Smart tourism, Communication and Promotion. The research analysis has identified two major areas: (a) Travellers’/tourists’ Perspective which has a focus on their behavioural attitude and (b) Tourism Agencies’ Perspective which has a functional approach. Based on the review of the literature to give direction for further research, an improvised version of the definition for the term ‘social media’ with the inclusion of more specific terms in it has been proposed with theoretical and practical implications.
... • Sosyal ağlar Yukarıda yer alan sosyal medya araçları arasında Facebook, Instagram, Twitter ve YouTube gibi uygulamaların kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu uygulamalar günümüzde en çok bilinen ve kullanılan uygulamalar arasında yer almaktadır (Uluç & Yarcı, 2017 (Tafveez, 2017). ...
Günümüzde sosyal medya, insanların içerik paylaştığı ve dünyanın farklı yerleri ile iletişim kurduğu önemli bir etkileşim aracıdır. Sosyal medya, iletişimden bilgi edinmeye, eğlenceden iş dünyasına, eğitimden sanata, bilimden sağlığa ve tanıtımdan pazarlamaya kadar birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Pazarlama faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde önemli bir rol oynayan sosyal medya, turizm sektöründe de yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Kış turizmi çerçevesinde ise günümüzde ön plana çıkan en önemli pazar bölümlerinden biri kış sporları pazarıdır. Bu bağlamda bu araştırmanın temel amacı, kış turizmi kapsamında ön plana çıkan destinasyonların tanıtımında sosyal medyanın ne düzeyde kullanıldığını belirlemek ve etkin kullanımına yönelik öneriler geliştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda Ordu Çambaşı Kayak Merkezi’nin sosyal medya pazarlamasında zayıf ve güçlü yönlerini tespit etmek amacıyla 22.01.2019 ile 11.03.2022 tarihleri arasında Instagram’da paylaşılan Ordu Çambaşı Kayak Merkezi’ne ait görseller, videolar vb. 305 sosyal medya içeriği incelenmiş, betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular sonucunda Instagram uygulamasının, Çambaşı Kayak Merkezi tarafından sıklıkla yapılan paylaşımlarla düzenli olarak kullanıldığı ve uygulama aracılığıyla ziyaretçi çekilmeye çalışıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
... Seyahat öncesinde, seyahat sırasında ya da seyahat sonrasında deneyimlerin paylaşılması sosyal medya uygulamaları üzerinden yapılmaktadır. Sosyal medya uygulamaları bu paylaşımları yapmanın, en maliyetsiz, hızlı ve etkin aracıdır (Tafveez, 2017). Yapılan paylaşımlar, olumlu veya olumsuz deneyim içerebilmektedir. ...
... The development of social media over the last decade has changed the way tourist destinations advertise their services and products (Tafveez, 2017). Social media managed by the government is a very important source of information for tourists. ...
Social media is a significant communication tool in the tourism industry because it can reach a wide audience, interact directly, and is very effective in promoting tourist destinations and building close relationships between tourism businesses and tourists. Nonetheless, the role of social media in tourists' decision-making to visit a tourist destination is still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to understand what elements of Instagram content can make tourists decide to visit a tourist destination. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interviews with 20 domestic tourists. The analytical technique used to achieve the research objectives consisted of two steps, namely thematic analysis and followed by qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of this study showed to be that Instagram content can trigger Generation Y and Z tourists' decisions to visit tourist destinations. Interesting Instagram content in terms of color, captions, and other people's comments can be one of the factors that attract tourists to visit tourist destinations. Overall, the research presents valuable insights for social media stakeholders and marketers in the tourism industry to optimize their content strategy and effectively target and engage Generation Y and Z tourists. However, it should be noted that these studies may have limitations in the scope and population studied, so further research is needed to deepen and expand our understanding of how Instagram affects Y and Z-generation travel decisions.
... It has caused changes in terms of providing information, building an understanding of providing services to tourists, and increased channels for booking and purchasing travel programs. In addition, social media can also be a tool to increase knowledge and understanding of tourists (Lu & Phumsathan, 2015;Mir, 2017;Phumsathan et al., 2018). In addition to the current tourism, there are various types of tourists. ...
Presently, social media has influenced the tourism industry in various dimensions, especially tourists' behavior. In this manner, understanding the overall patterns, roles, and influences of social media in tourism is very necessary. This paper provides an understanding of how social media has influenced tourism. The study is divided into two parts. The first part focused on analyzing the patterns and role of social media use in tourism. 95 popular social media and websites related to tourism were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The second part examined the influences of social media on human behaviors. The data were gathered from 113 academic international peer-reviewed journals published during 2013-2021. In addition, 24 research papers were selected to analyze the relationships and the effect size between social media and human behavior by applying meta-analysis. The results showed that the patterns of social media related to tourism were diverse. The most popular social network sites were Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, respectively. The account owners could be classified into four groups. Travel bloggers were the majority group of owners, followed by general users, government institution/state enterprises, and tourism corporations. Additionally, it was found that information from websites and social media related to tourism consequently influenced travel decision making of tourists. Based on meta-analysis, the results confirmed that social media has a strong influence on the subjective norm and intention toward behavior. The results imply that social media will help to encourage more appropriate behaviors in tourists and can be applied to disseminate information to tourists before they visit the destination.
... Among the travelers, people aged between 15 to 25 years are the mostly travelled aged people and they like to browse in SM such as Tripadvisor, Facebook, YouTube, Trivago, Couchsurfing and so on . SM indicates the mode of communications among users in which they exchange, share, or generate information and ideas in virtual communities and networks (Tafveez, 2017). There are different kinds of social networking site such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google plus, Tripadvisor, Pinterest etc. ...
Worldwide Climate change is a challenging issue for every sector from
business to agriculture or society. Tourism is not exempt from the adversity of
Climate Change impact in a disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. Tourism could
be regarded as a worst victim to Climate Change and it contributes to global Climate
Change as well. However, the chapter outlays the Climate Change impact on tourism
in Bangladesh and potential tackling strategies for sustainable tourism development
of the country. A thorough systematic review has been done based on peer
reviewed journals, reports of tourism policy makers or civil society dialogues to
outline potential adaptation strategies that could be implanted by the tourism industries
or stakeholders of Bangladesh to make it more sustainable. Though tourism
industry of Bangladesh is still lagging behind than the neighboring countries, it is
high time to adopt the strategies generated from both primary and secondary sources
of data. To observe Climate Change impact thermal images had been analyzed of
top tourist destination of Bangladesh and temperature data had been investigated for
analysis based on the climatic data collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological
Department. Other resources also show same evidence that climate change is bringing
about temperature rise, beach erosion, uneven precipitation rate and salinity intrusion in the country. Finally, after identifying probable impacts on tourism
because of Climate Change, adaptation measures have been suggested widely. Thus,
there is always scope for further research to develop tourism sector is a sustainable
manner and combat with the Climate Change adversity.
... The significance of the destination image in creating a successful tourist destination was investigated in numerous literature bodies in the past decades from a variety of perspectives (Andarabi and Uyger, 2017;Artuğer et al., 2013;Day et al., 2012;Dibiku and Singh, 2019;Herle, 2018;Kim and Richardson, 2003;Lopes, 2011;Manhas et al., 2016). Moreover, other studies investigated the impact of social media on tourism (Albarq, 2014;Di Pietro et al., 2012;Munar and Jacobsen, 2014;Sahin and Sengün, 2015;Tafveez, 2017;Yuan et al., 2012). Moreover, other related studies examined many different factors that contribute to visiting and revisiting intention to certain destinations (Khasawneh and Al Fandi, 2019;Hennessey et al., 2016;Gemar et al., 2019;Kim and Kwon, 2018;Shamsudin, 2012;Whang et al., 2016). ...
... Hussain et al. (2019) highlighted that social media is achieving on a daily basis a higher level of recognition and usage across the globe. In the travel and tourism context, besides the significant role as a customer service channel, social media is believed to assist users in the following decisions and tasks: (1) planning tours with the help of updated information available on social networking sites, and (2) sharing their tours' experiences with other social media users (Mir, 2017). On the other side, tour operators use social media to receive direct and prompt feedback from their clients and other social media users, so as to provide more targeted services (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014). ...
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the adoption of social media platforms by tourists in Pakistan. Based on an adaptation of the technology acceptance model (TAM), this study assesses the factors that lead users to adopt these platforms.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey was administered to a convenience sample of 399 travelers who use social media in Pakistan. A Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using AMOS to evaluate convergent and discriminant validity as well as composite reliability. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the causal relationship among all proposed constructs.
Findings
The findings reveal that the perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEoU) of a social media platform positively impact the behavioral intention of its users. The proposed constructs of compatibility, enjoyment, user expertise and e-trust all demonstrated their crucial roles in the adoption of a social media platform for tourism-related activities by enhancing the platform's PEoU and usefulness.
Originality/value
This research validates the relationship between PEoU and PU of a social media platform in the hospitality industry. Interestingly, this study has expanded TAM by validating the addition of four more constructs, (1) compatibility, (2) enjoyment, (3) e-trust, and (4) expertise, to add worth to this model regarding the understanding of social media usage in this specific industry. The findings are valuable both for managers and policymakers in the tourism sector in Pakistan, as the latter can utilize the results to entice a larger segment of social media users to the tourism industry.
... Günümüz turist profili incelendiğinde, bireylerin sosyal medyayı seyahat öncesinde, esnasında veya sonrasında farklı deneyimlerini paylaşmak için kullandıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Sosyal medya, bireylerin farklı deneyimlerini en kolay, en ekonomik ve en kısa zamanda çok büyük kitlelere ulaşmasına yardımcı olur (Tafveez, 2017). Facebook, Snapchat, Twitter, Seyahat Danışmanı, YouTube, Flickr, Pinterest, WeChat, Weibo, Whatsapp, Instagram veya Messenger gibi sosyal medya siteleri, turizm faaliyetine katılanların seyahat deneyimlerini (hem olumlu, hem olumsuz) paylaşması, diğer tüketicilerin destinasyon seçimi, seyahat tercihini etkileyecek çeşitli tavsiye ve geribildirimler önermektedir (Xiang ve Gretzel, 2010). ...
The impact of social media on tourism marketing in Tamil Nadu has been transformative, leveraging the power of digital platforms to boost the state's tourism sector. Social media channels like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter enable tourism authorities to reach a global audience, showcasing Tamil Nadu's rich cultural heritage, historic landmarks, and scenic beauty through compelling visuals and engaging content. User-generated content, such as reviews and travel experiences, plays a pivotal role in influencing potential tourists' decisions, adding authenticity and relatability to promotional efforts. Additionally, social media facilitates real-time communication and crisis management, allowing prompt responses to tourists' queries and concerns. Overall, the integration of social media into tourism marketing strategies has significantly enhanced the visibility and appeal of Tamil Nadu as a premier travel destination, contributing to the growth and sustainability of its tourism industry.
في الوقت الحاضر يمكن القول أن إستخدام التسويق الإلكتروني هو خيار ولكنه أيضًا إلتزام إلى حد ما، حيث يسمح للمستخدمين المشاركة بإستمرار لإستخدام أدواته المختلفة في أي وقت، فتطوير التقنيات الرقمية الحديثة لا يجعل السياحة مريحة فحسب بل يلعب أيضًا دورًا أساسيًا في تطوير الخدمات السياحية، حيث تعمل التطورات القائمة على التقنيات الرقمية على توسيع حدود العالم الجديد بميزات وديناميكيات فريدة، وتعتمد قدرة المؤسسة السياحية على البقاء والإستمرارية في مثل هذه البيئة وتلبية إحتياجات وتوقعات عملائها على فهم قواعد العالم الرقمي والعمل وفقًا لذلك، فوجود التسويق الإلكتروني تسبب في نقص الإعتماد على أساليب التسويق التقليدية، حيث أصبح آلية فعالة يمكن إستخدامها بحكمة في تسويق الخدمات السياحية من خلال توفير وسائل جديدة للمؤسسات السياحية لإعادة هندسة وتنفيذ نماذج وعمليات الأعمال الخاصة بهم مثل تطوير خدمات جديدة والتسويق وإدارة المعرفة، كما أتاح لممارسي السياحة عموما تقديم معلومات مخصصة للسائح الفردي والتي تلبي الإحتياجات والتفضيلات الشخصية والتي يمكن أن تبني قاعدة نحو نظام تسويق للوجهة العالمية المفتوحة كحل لتحديات تسويق الوجهة، وعلاوة على ذلك وفر التسويق الإلكتروني فرصة لتطوير الخدمات السياحية بإشراك المستهلكين الحاليين والمحتملين للخدمات السياحية، حيث تعمل إستراتيجيات التعهيد الجماعي ومنصات التمويل الجماعي على تمكين دور التسويق الإلكتروني كمصدر للإبتكار للمؤسسات السياحية، كما يلعب التسويق الإلكتروني أيضًا دورًا متزايدًا في توزيع المنتجات السياحية من خلال دعم التجارة الإجتماعية، فمن الأهمية بمكان مراعاة دوره في خلق تجارب مبتكرة للسياح وتعزيز ميزة تنافسية مستدامة للمؤسسات السياحية
This article provides a complete summary of leadership theory based on empirical research papers that focus primarily on educational leadership styles. We focused on the following categories in our meta-analysis: (1) the role of leadership, (2) the influence of leadership on academic institutions, and (3) the research method for leadership. Our findings imply that it is worthwhile to investigate new models of leadership that can better match the student development with the requirements of an increasingly digitalized business world. In this paper, we suggest an exploratory sequential design study of digital leadership and provide a new definition of digital leadership. This is owing to the lack of methodological specificity in the existing leadership studies academic literature.KeywordsDigital leadershipMeta-analysisStyles of leadershipEducation sector
Motivated by the growing demands for global sustainability and climate change disclosure practices, this review article intends to primarily explore the emerging trends of climate change related disclosures in light of the recent initiatives of IFRS Foundation by epitomizing and mapping the perspectives of prior literature. Hence, this study is a literature review in nature. In this vein, 27 research articles published during 2020–2022 in high-quality academic journals are randomly selected for the analysis. The reviewing process was restricted to the academic papers available in the leading databases, namely, Scopus, Web of Science, Chartered Association of Business Schools (hereafter ABS), and Australian Business Deans Council (hereafter ABDC). In this context, to generate a profound knowledge, this research casts the light solely on prior studies that published after a while of proclaiming the consultation paper on sustainability reporting by the IFRS Foundation “In September 2020”. The findings reveal that the overwhelming majority of the analyzed papers used empirical techniques. Furthermore, the results unveil that the most widely keywords were climate change, carbon reporting/disclosure, greenhouse gas disclosure corporate climate change disclosure respectively. For future research directions, the analyzed papers suggest further indirect investigations of the effect of board diversity, professional shareholders, audit committee, green innovation, cost of capital on climate change related disclosures. Accordingly, the study findings provide multidimensional insights for future researchers to bridge the gaps in the current literature.KeywordsAccounting for climate changeClimate change disclosureCarbon disclosureGreenhouse gas disclosureClimate risk disclosureIFRS Foundation
Tourism is one of the industries that have an important role for Indonesia, especially in its economic development which has unlimited development potential [1]. Sustainable tourism is believed to be the most suitable concept for the industry in the new normal era which is supposed to make less crowd and interaction [2]. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing the largest proportional decline in sustainable tourism by 56% [3]. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the motivation and behavior of domestic tourists on sustainable tourism as an effort to restore the economy of the Indonesian tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not only the responsibility of the government and tourism stakeholders, but also the responsibility of Indonesian citizens as tourism consumers to be able to consciously participate in reviving and maintaining the sustainability of this important industry. This research uses questionnaire as data collection methods and multiple linear regression as main analysis methods. The sample of the research is 122 domestic tourists who have knowledge of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, this research contributes to creating a better sustainable tourism development strategy by understanding and increasing awareness about sustainable tourism not only from the side of tourism supply but also from the demand side.KeywordsTourist perceptionSustainable tourismTourist motivationTourist behavior
As technology develops, service users who utilize technology have increased along with the emergence of mobile phone application-based services such as social media, online games, and entertainment. However, technological developments are different from growth in the service sector. The RI service sector's productivity is relatively lower than other countries in ASEAN, where Indonesia is still struggling in the traditional service sector such as construction and trade. Digital marketing is one of the disruptive changes that significantly affect the image of a product. So the need for research on how effective strategies for the service sector are specifically for millennials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social media and eWOM on millennial intentions to purchase online travel agent products and to analyze whether firm reputation moderates the influence of social media and eWOM on millennial intentions to purchase online travel agent products. Data collection was carried out using Google form on 270 millennials in Jabodetabek. Hierarchical regression analysis shows that social media and eWOM influence millennial intentions to purchase online travel agent products. Beside, firm reputation only moderates the influence of social media and eWOM on millennial intentions to purchase online travel agent products.
Developments in information and communication technologies have brought about extensive changes in people's lives. This situation has radically changed the tourist purchasing decision processes and the understanding of sharing experiences after the purchase. Now, tourists have experienced their preferences such as obtaining information, sharing experiences, making comments or scoring services in virtual life and through applications. In this study, it is aimed to determine and analyze the shares and hashtags made by the tourists who visited Mykonos and Kaş destinations through the Instagram application. In this context, all posts related to #Mykonos and # Kaş hashtags published on the Instagram application for two different days (1-2 May 2021) were examined. A total of 1,600 pictures (800 for each destination), visual (destination Instagram pictures) and textual content (hashtags for pictures) were analyzed with the 4K Stogram software. Shared posts and hashtags are grouped under specific topic titles according to the Instagram Discover Algorithm. In addition, through data mining, a total of 1600 posts and 7351 hashtags related to Mykonos and Kaş destinations have been reached. MAXQDA and XLSTAT programs were used for visual and textual analysis of data based on hashtags. As a result of the analyzes made in this context; among the data that analyzed 800 posts and 4263 words shared using the #Mykonos hashtag; #greece, #greek, #mykonos, #traveltips, #visitmykonos, #greeksummer, #lifestyle, #exploregreece, #greekbeaches, #santorini, #europe, #island, #kikladhes, #luxury, #sea, #travelcouple, #traveling and #welovegreece were determined to be the most frequently used hashtags. When the data in which 800 posts and 3088 words shared using the #Kaş hashtag were examined; #kaş, #photostagram, #visitturkey, #butikotel, #kalkan, #kaputaş, #neredekal, #balayıotelleri, #landscape, #vacation, #beach, #gezi, #instadaily, #instalike, #nature, #swimming, #vacation and #mediterranean words were determined to be the most frequently used hashtags.
Keywords: General user contents, instagram, maxqda.
Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde yaşanan gelişmeler insanların hayatlarında kapsamlı değişimleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu durum turistik satın alma karar süreçlerini ve satın alma sonrası turistlerin deneyim paylaşma anlayışlarını da kökten değiştirmiştir. Artık turistler bilgi edinme, deneyim paylaşma, yorum yapma veya hizmet puanlama gibi tercihlerini sanal yaşam içerisinde ve uygulamalar aracılığıyla deneyimler hale gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada da Mikanos ve Kaş destinasyonlarını ziyaret eden turistlerin Instagram uygulaması aracılığı ile yaptıkları paylaşımların ve hashtaglerin karma yöntemle belirlenmesi ve analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Instagram uygulamasında iki farklı gün (1-2 Mayıs 2021) boyunca yayınlanan #Mykonos ve #Kaş hashtag'leriyle ilgili tüm gönderiler incelenmiştir. 4K Stogram yazılımıyla toplam 1.600 resim (her destinasyon için 800 adet), görsel (destinasyon Instagram resimleri) ve metinsel içerik (resimlerle ilgili hashtagler) analiz edilmiştir. Instagram Keşfet Algoritması’na göre paylaşılmış gönderiler ve hashtag’ler belirli konu başlıkları altında gruplandırılmıştır. Ayrıca veri madenciliği yapılarak Mykonos ve Kaş destinasyonları ile ilgili toplam 1600 gönderiye ve 7351 hashtag’e ulaşılmıştır. Hashtag’leri temel alan verilerin görsel ve metinsel analizleri için MAXQDA VE XLSTAT programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda yapılan analizler neticesinde; #Mykonos hashtag’i kullanılarak paylaşılan 800 gönderi ve 4263 kelimenin incelendiği veriler içerisinde; #greece, #greek, #mykonos, #traveltips, #visitmykonos, #greeksummer, #lifestyle, #exploregreece, #greekbeaches, #santorini, #europe, #island, #kikladhes, #luxury, #sea, #travelcouple, #traveling ve #welovegreece kelimelerinin en sık kullanılan hashtag’ler olduğu belirlenmiştir. #Kaş hashtag’i kullanılarak paylaşılan 800 gönderi ve 3088 kelimenin incelendiği veriler içerisinde ise; #kaş, #photooftheday, #visitturkey, #butikotel, #kalkan, #kaputaş, #neredekal, #balayıotelleri, #landscape, #vacation, #beach, #gezi, #instadaily, #instalike, #nature, #swimming, #tatil ve #akdeniz kelimelerinin en sık kullanılan hashtag’ler olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Genel kullanıcı yorumu, instagram, maxqda.
Social Media (SM) through the World Wide Web (www) is a very effective incorporation of innovative technology throughout the world. The application of SM is not only confined within a single aspect of human life rather its influences every sphere of the daily life. Like many other industries, application of SM in tourism industry is remarkably significant. SM fulfills the objectives of tourist and the travel agencies by contributing to flourish tourism industries by its user-friendly attributes. Recently, the influence of SM has been observed in the potential tourism industry of Bangladesh. This chapter depicts the role of SM in tourist motivation, which has been further analyzed from an inherited primary data. Total 200 university students aged between 18 to 24 years from three public universities had gone under questionnaire survey. The findings reveal that, SM has positive impact on tourist motivation on traveling, as SM helps the tourist to get necessary information for traveling, such as; destination selection, financial planning, accommodation, food, culture of the place etc. Therefore, along with the positive aspects of SM in tourism, the challenges regarding using SM in tourism industry have been identified as the young tourist faced. Recommendations have been formulated to ensure SM as a more reliable source for the tourist to make their decision of traveling through browsing in the SM.
The study of the relationships between tourism and social media is critical for destination management and marketing. Drawing from a visual methodology, this research analyses the images published by Visit Greenland (@visitgreenland) in Instagram from 11 March 2019 to 11 March 2021. A total of 337 posts were reviewed: the number of comments, likes and the features of the visual representation. While the pictures of Greenland convey the sense of place of the island based on its natural heritage, aspects of its cultural heritage such as gastronomy are underrepresented.
The chapter assesses the social media usage by tourists during their visit to religious tourism destinations and evaluates rationale and challenges faced by religious tourism establishments and other stakeholders in using social media as tools for marketing of religious tourism. The study used secondary data sources for getting a theoretical understanding of social media and religious tourism. Primary data conveniently collected through field survey from tourists and tourism establishment at religious tourism destination to know the extent of social media usage. The chapter indicating increased use of social media by tourists in searching, planning, booking, and sharing experiences about different products and services. The study identifies a crucial role of social media in the marketing and development of religious tourism along with certain challenges related to using as a mechanism to promote destination. Finally, implication and recommendations for different stakeholders were given to ensure adequate presence on social in more effective manner.
The widespread use of Web 2.0 applications and the increasing number of social media applications are producing radical changes in tourism destination promotion. Destination Management Organizations (DMO) must be able to adapt and meet the challenges placed by new interaction
and communication paradigms in the tourism sector. This paper describes a study done in which we analysed a set of national DMO and outlined and compared the use of social media applications in their communication activities. Shared practices and trends were identified and deconstructed
according to a set of indicators and results enabled us to believe that, despite the differences in size and structure, there are some trends and shared practices worth adopting and exploring when designing social media communication strategies.
Social media in the context of destination marketing is a growing area of study, and judging by the exponential growth in social networks over recent years, the demand for research will continue. This paper provides a review of the literature to date on social media use by destination marketing organizations (DMOs). A growing number of travellers are influenced by user generated content, presenting a number of challenges and opportunities to DMOs. This review seeks to synthesize existing research, theories and concepts, in order to understand how social media applications are being used by tourism authorities, and to provide a bridge from past research to future success.
Being one of the “mega trends” that has significantly impacted the tourism system, the role and use of social media in travelers' decision making and in tourism operations and management have been widely discussed in tourism and hospitality research. This study reviews and analyzes all extant social media-related research articles published in academic journals during 2007 to 2011, mainly in tourism and hospitality fields. Based on a content analysis on the analyzed articles from both the consumers' and the suppliers' perspectives, this article found that consumer-centric studies generally focused on the use and impact of social media in the research phase of the travelers' travel planning process. Supplier-related studies have concentrated closely on promotion, management, and research functions, but few discussed product distribution. Research findings thoroughly demonstrate the strategic importance of social media for tourism competitiveness. This study also contributes to the academia and industry by identifying some research voids in extant research and providing an agenda for future research.
The Internet has had a major impact on tourism both for providers and consumers. This article classifies and analyzes the wealth of research published in major tourism journals over the past 10 years to identify major areas of focus and gaps in the research landscape related to the Internet in tourism. Research articles have substantially increased in number over the past 5 years of the 10-year period under analysis. The research can be categorized into seven areas with information search, website analysis, and Internet marketing being the three most common research topics. Although Internet-related issues in tourism are commonly researched, the article calls for more case study research to be conducted that takes an e-business and organizational perspective so that other organizations can learn from the mistakes made and also from best practice.
The goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of ICT on firms' competitiveness, as well as on their level of innovation, productivity and on the market share depending on the tourism area: Accommodation, Gastronomy and Travel Agencies. On the whole, it has been proved that the use of diverse ICTs has little effect on the level of competition as well as on increasing productivity, while in general, they have a positive effect on increasing the market share of the firms.
Through an empirical study among holiday travellers, residing in the Former Soviet Union Republics, this paper presents a comprehensive view of role and impact of social media on the whole holiday travel planning process: Before, during and after the trip, providing insights on usage levels, scope of use, level of influence and trust. Findings suggest that social media are predominantly used after holidays for experience sharing. It is also shown that there is a strong correlation between perceived level of influence from social media and changes made in holiday plans prior to final decisions. Moreover, it is revealed that user-generated content is perceived as more trustworthy when compared to official tourism websites, travel agents and mass media advertising.
Online social networking site are the most popular sites on the internet. The second generation of web based services is characterized by having a consumer generated content (CGC), which allow people to share information. This paper examines CGC on TripAdvisor, with a case study on the city of Lisbon. Along with a discussion on the radical changes implied by new forms of collaboration and business models, it is explored how the users collaborate to image a destination. It is analyzed a sample of all the hotels In TripSdvisor.Com for the city of Lisbon, as well as forum authors and advisors profile. The information available on forums and reviews is generated by users/consumers and provides relevant data for travel planning.
The growing role of social media in tourism has been increasingly an emerging research topic. Social media plays a significant role in many aspects of tourism, especially in information search and decision-making behaviours, tourism promotion and in focusing on best practices for interacting with consumers. Leveraging off social media to market tourism products has proven to be an excellent strategy. This study reviews and analyses the research publications focusing on social media in tourism. Through a comprehensive literature review, this paper identifies what we know about social media in tourism, and recommends a future research agenda on the phenomenon. The paper suggests that research on social media in tourism is still in its infancy. It is critical to encourage comprehensive investigation into the influence and impact of social media (as part of tourism management/marketing strategy) on all aspects of the tourism industry including local communities, and to demonstrate the economic contribution of social media to the industry.
Though the effectiveness of social marketing has been proven in various areas, it has captured scant research attention of tourism scholars. This article analyzes the social marketing characteristics of a number of tourism-related projects that have been funded by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Vietnam. The importance of NGOs in Vietnam’s development process is highlighted. A search strategy is described where some terms and phrases are combined to identify tourism-related development projects. Forty-five projects were found and assessed against a set of six social marketing benchmarks. Twenty-one projects match all the criteria, where different evaluation measures are noted. Significantly, no project labeled itself in terms of social marketing attributes. The social marketing label is thus not necessarily effective in identifying social marketing interventions in tourism-related projects. Despite some caveats, the article indicates that social marketing may be effective in promoting behavior change for sustainable tourism development and poverty alleviation.
Social media are playing an increasingly important role as information sources for travelers. The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which social media appear in search engine results in the context of travel-related searches. The study employed a research design that simulates a traveler's use of a search engine for travel planning by using a set of pre-defined keywords in combination with nine U.S. tourist destination names. The analysis of the search results showed that social media constitute a substantial part of the search results, indicating that search engines likely direct travelers to social media sites. This study confirms the growing importance of social media in the online tourism domain. It also provides evidence for challenges faced by traditional providers of travel-related information. Implications for tourism marketers in terms of online marketing strategies are discussed.
This book describes ongoing developments in social media within the tourism and hospitality sector, highlighting impacts on both the demand and the supply side. It offers a combination of theory and practice, with discussion of real-life business experiences. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of recent trends in social media and user-generated content, clarifies concepts that are often used in an overlapping way and examines the “digitization of word of mouth” via online networks. The second part analyzes the impacts that social media can have on traveler behavior for each step in the travel process and also on suppliers, highlighting opportunities, threats and strategies. In the third part of the book, future potential trends deriving from the mobile marketing technologies are explored and possible methods for social monitoring by means of key performance indicators are examined. It is considered how engaging customers and prospects by means of social media might increase customer loyalty, foster electronic word-of-mouth communication, and consequently have important effects on corporate sales and revenues. The discussion encompasses methods to measure company performance on each of the social media in order to understand the optimal mix that will support and improve business strategies.
Recent research indicates that travellers are actively using social media in soliciting feedback from their friends and others before, during and after their trip. However, the impact of this feedback is not clear in terms of how the use of social media mediates the touristic experience. As such, the goal of this study is to identify how social media enable tourists to access their social networks and the mechanisms in which the use of social media shapes tourist’s perceptions and emotions during their trip. Using a web-based experiment, this study confirmed that social media such as Facebook has the potential to significantly affect tourists’ emotions and thus, improve the tourism experience.
This study provides insights into social media practices and strategic considerations used by destination management organizations (DMOs). It examines a theoretical model of generic social media strategies for destination management and applies qualitative methods to analyze the social media initiatives of DMOs of Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden and the Scandinavian Tourist Board Asia/Pacific in the Nordic European Region. The study provides empirical evidence of emerging social media strategies among DMOs and confirms the growing importance of these new media. The findings point to the conflicting relationship between corporate culture and social media culture, the challenges innovative communication tools present for traditional management structures, poor levels of formalization and the lack of a knowledge base which results in ad-hoc decision making. Overall, the paper discusses the challenges faced by DMOs in their adoption of new technological cultures.
Social media are increasingly relevant as part of tourism practices affecting destinations and businesses. Based on a destination-specific survey, this study charts and explores summer holidaymakers' motivations for social media contributions and their willingness to share content through various social media. The findings in relation to the much-visited destination of Mallorca offer an understanding of the adoption of tourist social media in technologically-advanced markets with high levels of ICT use. The results provide insights into such motivational factors as personal and community-related benefits as well as the social capital that influences a sharing of user-generated content. The study reveals a dominance of visual content, along with the relevance of altruistic and community-related motivations and motivational differences between types of content creators. Sharing practices through social media appear as valuable articulations of sociability and emotional support, while having lesser relevance as information sources for holiday decision-making. The paper additionally shows the extent to which old and new technologies overlap and complement each other.
Over the years, online marketing has grown in importance in the tourism industry. This media space offers companies throughout the tourism value system numerous marketing tools, one of the most recent being social media. Social media allows companies to interact directly with customers via various Internet platforms and monitor and interact with customer opinions and evaluations of services. This exploratory article studies the travel portion of the tourism experience through airlines’ use of social media on two social media platforms for a 6-month time period. The social media content posted by airlines is analyzed and categorized according to the promotional marketing mix. In addition, the authors propose four categories to describe the overall communicative behavior. Among the results, it is shown that there is a lack of strategic perspective among airlines’ utilization of social media as it is being used with limited uniformity. These findings may aid marketing departments in their marketing and social media communication strategies, while complementing current marketing research.
Social media are gaining prominence as an element of destination marketing organisation (DMO) marketing strategy at a time when public sector cuts in their funding are requiring them to seek greater value in the way marketing budgets are spent. Social media offers DMOs with a tool to reach a global audience with limited resources. The aim of this study is to explore the usage of social media among the DMOs of the top 10 most visited countries by international tourists. The study uses content analysis and semi-structured interviews to examine the usage and impact of social media marketing strategies and identifies a framework of best practice for other national tourism organizations (NTOs) to learn from. The study argues that social media usage among top DMOs is still largely experimental and that strategies vary significantly.
Effects of social media in the tourism industry of Batangas Province
- D R Buted
- N S Gillespie
- J B Conti
- B A Delgado
- R M P Marasigan
- S K A Rubico
- S S Felicen
Buted, D. R., Gillespie, N. S., Conti, J. B., Delgado, B. A., Marasigan, R. M. P., Rubico, S. K. A., & Felicen, S. S. (2014). Effects of social media in the tourism
industry of Batangas Province. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research| Vol, 2(3).
The role of IT in tourism
- C Koo
- U Gretzel
- W C Hunter
- N Chung
Koo, C., Gretzel, U., Hunter, W. C., & Chung, N. (2015). The role of IT in tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, 25(1), 99-104.
The Effects of Social Media on Tourism Marketing: A Study among University Students
- A P D G G Sahin
- G Sengün
Sahin, A. P. D. G. G., & Sengün, G. (2015). The Effects of Social Media on Tourism Marketing: A Study among University Students.