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Desarrollo de habilidades del pensamiento : Razonamiento verbal y solución de problemas : Guía del instructor

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... Por otro lado, algunas investigaciones realizadas dentro del campo educativo, muestran que el estudiante no sigue una secuencia consistente en un proceso de solución de -83 -problemas, debido a que carece del hábito de aplicación de la lógica y el razonamiento. (Sánchez, 1996). La S.P. debería de ser entendida como parte fundamental de cualquier proceso educativo, de forma que al final de cualquier trayectoria profesional, técnica, etc. somos todos solucionadores de problemas, en una forma o en otra, en mayor o en menor grado y el contar con elementos y/o habilidades de pensamiento lógico y de razonamiento, nos permitirá un adecuado desempeño en el ejercicio de nuestra profesión o actividad que realicemos. ...
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Introducción: Una de las metas más importantes del sistema educativo mexicano, es que los alumnos adquieran desde su formación primaria, habilidades de pensamiento complejo, como son: la “solución de problemas” y la “creatividad” entre otras. El presente trabajo describe de qué manera la “solución de problemas” se manifiesta en tres los diferentes enfoques pedagógicos en México.Método: El diseño utilizado es de tipo no experimental porque que se realiza sin manipular deliberadamente las variables observando así una situación existente, y transeccional o transversal descriptivo, porque la medición se lleva a cabo en una sola ocasión, obteniendo la incidencia de valores en que se manifiesta la variable estudiada. Se sustenta además con un diseño de tipo mixto 6 X 1.Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo los niños de la escuela Freinet obtienen las puntuaciones más altas en ambos grupos y las puntuaciones más bajas corresponden a la escuela tradicional oficial. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diferentes enfoques pedagógicos, en lo que respecta a la solución de problemas en su proceso educativo básico.Discusión: Se requiere un nuevo modelo de enseñanza, que contemple todas las potencialidades del ser humano en los programas, ajustando los recursos humanos y materiales necesarios responsables del proceso educativo. Resulta indispensable incluir contenidos educativos donde se ejercite, enseñe y desarrolle las habilidades para “solucionar problemas”.
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Introducción: en un estudio cualitativo, de corte hermenéutico evaluativo, las autoras estructuraron una propuesta para el desarrollo de la argumentación escrita en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: por medio de un diagnóstico inicial de la producción escrita de estudiantes universitarios, se determinaron sus dificultades más relevantes en la construcción de ensayos argumentativos. Se construyó la propuesta que fue aplicada en el año 2002, con los estudiantes evaluados. Resultados: se encontró que el 67% de los ensayos de los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica y el 50% de los estudiantes de la Universidad del Rosario, se consideraron de buena calidad. Conclusión: los participantes comprendieron la importancia de planificar la construcción del ensayo e identificaron los aspectos y procedimientos esenciales de esa planificación; entendieron el valor de la autocorrección; también resaltaron la aplicabilidad de estos conceptos en su formación profesional. La propuesta inicial fue enriquecida a partir de esta experiencia y podrá ser aplicada con otros grupos de estudiantes universitarios. Palabras clave: Educación basada en competencias, Evaluación basada en competencias, Estudiantes, Ensayos A Introduction: In a qualitative study, of hermeneutic assessment, the authors structured a proposal to develop argumentative writing skills in University students. In Colombia, the more relevant difficulties in the construction of argumentative essays were determined and the subjective aspects for the construction of those written assignments were taken into account.
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Introduction: In a qualitative study, of hermeneutic assessment, the authors structured a proposal to develop argumentative writing skills in University students. In Colombia, the more relevant difficulties in the construction of argumentative essays were determined and the subjective aspects for the construction of those written assignments were taken into account. Methods: Based on the didactic functional and procedural approaches defined by Héctor Perez Grajales to work on the written expression, Results: We found that 67% of the essays from the Catholic University of Manizales and 50% of the essays from the Universidad del Rosario students were considered of good quality. The participants understood the importance of planning essay construction and identifed the essential aspects and procedures of that planning. Conclusion: They also understood the value of the self-correcting and recognized their improvement on their writing skills from this process. Students affirmed that those learning processes will be useful to give coherence and cohesion to their writings and to identify clear parameters when correcting documents. They also emphasized the applicability of these concepts in their professional formation. The initial proposal was enriched through this experience and it could be applied with other groups of students at the University level.
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Introduction. One of the most important goals of the Mexican educational system is that students, from primary education onward, acquire complex thinking skills such as "problem solving" and "creativity", among others. This paper describes how problem solving finds expression in three different pedagogical approaches in Mexico. Method. The design used is not an experimental type, since variables are observed in an existing situation without being deliberately manipulated. The design is also descriptive cross-sectional or transversal, since measurement is taken on a single occasion, obtaining the incidence of values manifest by the variable under study. Additionally it is performed with a mixed design type 6 X 1. Results. Results show how children from the Freinet school obtain the highest scores in both groups, and that the lowest scores correspond to the traditional public school. There are significant statistical differences between the different pedagogical approaches in regard to problem solving in their basic educational process. Discussion. A new educational model is required, one that takes into account all human potentialities in its programs, adapting human resources and necessary materials responsible for the educational process. It is indispensable to include educational content where problem-solving skills are exercised, taught and developed.
Article
Full-text available
Introduction: In a qualitative study, of hermeneutic assessment, the authors structured a proposal to develop argumentative writing skills in University students. In Colombia, the more relevant difficulties in the construction of argumentative essays were determined and the subjective aspects for the construction of those written assignments were taken into account.Methods: Based on the didactic functional and procedural approaches defined by Héctor Perez Grajales to work on the written expression,Results: We found that 67% of the essays from the Catholic University of Manizales and 50% of the essays from the Universidad del Rosario students were considered of good quality. The participants understood the importance of planning essay construction and identifed the essential aspects and procedures of that planning.Conclusion: They also understood the value of the self-correcting and recognized their improvement on their writing skills from this process. Students affirmed that those learning processes will be useful to give coherence and cohesion to their writings and to identify clear parameters when correcting documents. They also emphasized the applicability of these concepts in their professional formation. The initial proposal was enriched through this experience and it could be applied with other groups of students at the University level.
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