Navigobius kaguya, new species of ptereleotrine goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the West Pacific

Abstract

Navigobius kaguya is described on the basis of two specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Luzon, Philippines. It differs from other described species of the genus in live coloration, and in having: second dorsal-fin rays I,16; anal-fin rays I,16; pectoral-fin rays 21-22; gill rakers 5-6 + 17; and first dorsal fin weakly to moderately incised between spines, taller than second dorsal. It closely resembles an undescribed species from Bali and the Maldives, but differs in lacking an orange-red mid-lateral stripe. The possible placement of Navigobius khanhoa in Oxymetapon is discussed.

Full text

Accepted by W. Holleman: 21 Sept. 2017; published: 13 Nov. 2017
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN
1175-5334
(online edition)
Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 4347 (2): 371
–
380
http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/
Article
371
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4347.2.11
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F989510C-16F6-4B28-B9AD-DDDC444210F1
Navigobius kaguya, new species of ptereleotrine goby (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from
the West Pacific
ANTHONY C. GILL
1,2
, YI-KAI TEA
3
& HIROSHI SENOU
4
1
Macleay Museum and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, A12 – Macleay Building, The University of Sydney, New South
Wales 2006, Australia. E-mail: anthony.c.gill@sydney.edu.au
2
Ichthyology, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
3
90 Carillon Avenue, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia. E-mail: teayk1@gmail.com
4
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan.
E-mail: senou@nh.kanagawa-museum.jp
Abstract
Navigobius kaguya is described on the basis of two specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and Luzon, Philippines.
It differs from other described species of the genus in live coloration, and in having: second dorsal-fin rays I,16; anal-fin
rays I,16; pectoral-fin rays 21–22; gill rakers 5–6 + 17; and first dorsal fin weakly to moderately incised between spines,
taller than second dorsal. It closely resembles an undescribed species from Bali and the Maldives, but differs in lacking
an orange-red mid-lateral stripe. The possible placement of Navigobius khanhoa in Oxymetapon is discussed.
Key words: ichthyology, taxonomy, Japan, Philippines
Introduction
Hoese & Motomura (2009) erected the genus Navigobius to accommodate their new species, N. dewa, which they
described on the basis of three specimens from Kagoshima Bay, southern Kyushu, Japan. They also recorded the
species from off Amamioshima Island in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Although Hoese & Motomura (2009) placed
Navigobius in the microdesmid subfamily Ptereleotrinae, both molecular and morphological studies indicate the
Ptereleotrinae (and the remaining microdesmid subfamily, Microdesminae) are nested within the family Gobiidae.
We follow Gill & Mooi (2010, 2012) in recognising ptereleotrines as an informal grouping within the Gobiidae.
Allen et al. (2015) described a second species in the genus, N. vittatus, from 25 specimens from Brunei
Darussalam. The following year, Prokofiev (2016) described a third species in the genus from Vietnam, N.
khanhoa. However, the generic allocation of N. khanhoa is doubtful and in need of critical re-evaluation. This is
discussed in further detail below.
We herein describe an additional species in the genus from two specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, and
Luzon, Philippines. It has been previously known from underwater photos and specimens occasionally collected
for the aquarium fish trade. We also discuss an additional similar species, which remains known only from photos
and aquarium specimens from the Maldives and Bali, Indonesia.
Materials and methods
Measurements were made with digital calipers, recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. All measurements to the snout tip
were made to the mid-anterior tip of the upper lip. Standard length (SL) was measured from the snout tip to the
middle of the caudal-fin base. Predorsal, preanal and prepelvic lengths were measured from the snout tip to the
base of the anteriormost spine of the relevant fin. Head length was measured from the snout tip to the upper
attachment of the opercular membrane. Head width was measured where broadest between the posterior edges of

GILL ET AL.
372
·
Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
the preopercles. Body width was measured at the pectoral-fin bases. Snout length was measured from the snout tip
to the anterior orbital rim. Eye diameter was the horizontal width of the eyeball. Bony interorbital width was the
least measurement. Caudal-peduncle length was measured from the base of the posteriormost anal-fin ray to the
ventral edge of the caudal peduncle at the vertical through the posterior edge of the lower hypural plate. Caudal-
peduncle depth was the least depth. Pectoral-fin length was the length of the longest ray. Mid-caudal-fin length was
the length of the ventralmost ray on the upper hypural plate. Upper and lower caudal lobe lengths were the lengths
of the longest fin ray in each lobe. Other measurements are self-explanatory.
The last ray in the anal and second-dorsal fins is divided at its base and was counted as a single ray. "Scales in
lateral series" was counted from the upper edge of the pectoral-fin base along the mid-side of the body to the
posterior edge of the hypural plate. “Scales in forward transverse series” is the number of scales in the transverse
series counted anterodorsally from the anal-fin origin. “Scales in backward transverse series” is the number of
scales in the transverse series counted posterodorsally from the anal-fin origin. The pattern of interdigitation of
first-dorsal-fin proximal pterygiophores between neural spines is given as a dorsal-fin pterygiophore formula
following Birdsong et al. (1988). Gill-raker counts include all elements on the outer face of the first arch; the angle
raker is included in the lower-limb (second) count.
Specimens were temporarily stained with Cyanine Blue 5R to facilitate examination of small structures
(Akihito et al. 1993, Saruwatari et al. 1997). Osteological details were determined from x-radiographs. Letter
codes for cephalic sensory pores follow Akihito et al. (1984). In the description, data are given first for holotype,
followed where different by data for the paratype in parentheses. Where counts were recorded bilaterally, both
counts are given and separated from each other by a slash; the first count presented is the left count.
The Image Database of Fishes in the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (KPM-NR) provided
colour images of the holotype and other individuals of the new species. These were used for information on live
colour variation and distribution and habitat.
Navigobius kaguya new species
New standard Japanese name: Kaguyahime-haze
English common name: Kaguya’s dartfish
Figures 1–7; Table 1
Ptereleotridae, indet. gen. and sp. 1; Senou et al., 2004: 512 (underwater photo).
Holotype. KPM-NI 30, 55.2 mm SL, female, Japan, Ryukyu Islands, between Ie-jima Island and Okinawa-jima
Islands, Nakanose, 42 m, collected by Kyo Yunokawa, 19 September 1994.
Paratype. AMS I. 47320-001, 49.2 mm SL, female, Philippines, Luzon, Zambales Province, off coast of Ida,
55–65 m, collected by aquarium fish collectors.
Diagnosis. Navigobius kaguya differs from congeners in the following: second dorsal-fin rays I,16; anal-fin
rays I,16; pectoral-fin rays 21–22; gill rakers 5–6 + 17; first dorsal fin weakly to moderately incised between
spines, taller than second dorsal; and live coloration (first dorsal fin yellow-grey to yellow, basally purple with 1-4
rows of yellow spots; sides of body without orange-red lateral stripe).
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI + I,16, all segmented rays branched; first dorsal-fin membranes weakly to
moderately incised between fin spines; anal-fin rays I,16, all segmented rays branched; pectoral-fin rays 21/22 (21/
21), upper 2/2 and lower 1/2 (2/1) unbranched; pelvic-fin rays I,4, all but innermost segmented rays branched;
segmented caudal-fin rays 9 + 8; branched caudal-fin rays 6 + 5; upper unsegmented caudal-fin rays 12 (11); lower
unsegmented caudal-fin rays 11; caudal fin strongly forked; scales in longitudinal series 87/88 (91/89); scales in
forward transverse series 29/28 (29/31); scales in backwards transverse series 29/29 (30/30); circumpeduncular
scales 32; gill rakers 5 + 17 (6 + 17); pseudobranch filaments 10 (11); dorsal pterygiophore formula 3-22110;
vertebrae 10 + 16; epurals 1; epineurals on vertebrae 1 through 13; ribs present on precaudal vertebrae 3 through 10
(Figure 5).
As percentage of SL: head length 23.4 (25.2); predorsal length 29.5 (30.7); prepelvic length 25.9 (25.8);
preanal length 58.3 (56.1); first dorsal-fin origin to second dorsal-fin origin 21.9 (23.8); second dorsal-fin base
length 30.4 (31.3); anal-fin base length 26.6 (29.5); body depth at pelvic-fin origin 17.4 (18.5); body depth at anal-

Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
·
373
NEW SPECIES NAVIGOBIUS FROM WEST PACIFIC
fin origin 17.2 (18.1); snout length 5.6 (5.7); eye diameter 8.7 (9.3); head width 15.2 (14.6); body width 13.2
(13.6); bony interorbital width 6.3 (5.9); caudal peduncle length 17.0 (15.0); caudal peduncle depth 10.9 (10.8);
length of first spine of first dorsal fin 12.3 (12.8); length of second spine of first dorsal fin 15.4 (15.9); length of
third spine of first dorsal fin 15.8 (18.9); length of fourth spine of first dorsal fin 16.8 (21.1); length of fifth spine of
first dorsal fin 18.5 (22.4); length of sixth spine of first dorsal fin 16.7 (19.9); length of spine of second dorsal fin
11.4 (11.8); length of first segmented ray of second dorsal fin 13.2 (15.2); length of last segmented ray of second
dorsal fin 15.6 (17.1); anal-fin spine length 8.0 (9.1); length of first segmented anal-fin ray 9.8 (11.4); length of last
segmented anal-fin ray 15.6 (16.1); pectoral fin length 17.9 (18.7); pelvic-fin spine length 9.4 (10.6); pelvic-fin
length 19.0 (22.6); mid caudal-fin length 15.8 (13.2); upper lobe of caudal-fin length 33.9 (38.6); lower lobe of
caudal-fin length 39.3 (31.9).
FIGURE 1. Navigobius kaguya, KPM-NI 30 (= KPM-NR 9792A), 55.2 mm SL, holotype, female, Nakanose, between Ie-jima
Island and Okinawa-jima Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Photo by K. Yunokawa.
FIGURE 2. Navigobius kaguya, AMS I.47320-001, 49.2 mm SL, paratype, female, off coast of Ida, Zambales Province,
Luzon, Philippines. Photo by S.K. Tea.

GILL ET AL.
374
·
Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 3. Navigobius kaguya, aquarium specimen (not retained, sex not determined) from Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.
Photo by Y.K. Tea.
FIGURE 4. Navigobius kaguya, KPM-NR 32379B, underwater photo in 36 m, Nakanose, between Ie-jima Island and
Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 22 June 1998. Photo by H. Kodato.
Head, nape and pectoral-fin base naked; body scales mostly cycloid, except for narrow band of ctenoid scales
hidden beneath depressed pectoral fin, and wedge of ctenoid scales on lateral surfaces of posterior body and caudal
peduncle behind and above middle of anal fin; ctenoid scales on body each bearing 4–10 short peripheral cteni
(Roberts 1993); ventral contour of body and isthmus fully scaled; narrow band of mostly ctenoid scales on fleshy
portion of caudal-fin base; no scales on dorsal- or anal-fin bases.
Pattern of superficial neuromasts on head as shown in Figure 6; cephalic laterosensory pores ‘B,C,E,F, H’
(Figure 6); lower lip somewhat fleshy, weakly interrupted at symphysis; anterior nostril in very short tube;
posterior nostril with slightly raised rim, with short triangular membranous flap anteriorly; nuchal crest very low,
extending anteriorly to vertical through mid to anterior edge of pupil; tongue rounded; gill opening extending
anteriorly to vertical through posterior edge of preopercle (Figure 6).

Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
·
375
NEW SPECIES NAVIGOBIUS FROM WEST PACIFIC
Upper jaw with two rows of conical teeth, the outer-row teeth large, slightly curved and widely spaced; lower
jaw with row of small conical teeth, with an additional series of larger teeth across front of jaw, and an intermittent
inner series of slightly curved, enlarged teeth on middle and posterior part of jaws; vomer, palatines and tongue
edentate.
FIGURE 5. Navigobius kaguya, KPM-NI 30 (= KPM-NR 9792B), 55.2 mm SL, holotype, x-radiograph. Radiograph by H.
Senou.
FIGURE 6. Navigobius kaguya, laterosensory pores and neuromasts, composite based on holotype (KPM-NI 30) and paratype
(AMS I.47320-001). Outline drawn from holotype. Letter codes for laterosensory pores follow Akihito et al. (1984). All pores
are bilaterally paired. Arrow indicates anterior extent of gill opening.
Coloration in life (based on colour photographs of the holotype and paratype when freshly dead, and
underwater and aquarium photos of live individuals; Figures 1–4): Head and body orange to pinkish or yellowish
grey; lower part of head pale yellow to silvery white; purple stripe from behind upper part of eye to upper edge of
operculum; second purple stripe from behind middle of eye to mid-upper part of operculum; third, indistinct purple
stripe on lower part of cheek; purple stripes sometimes broken into spots; areas above and between stripes pale to
bright yellow; short purple stripe from lower anterior part of eye to mid-upper lip; chin, lower lip and anterior part

GILL ET AL.
376
·
Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
of upper lip pale yellowish grey to bright yellow; lower part of operculum sometimes iridescent blue; nuchal crest
bright yellow; iris bright yellow, black dorsally overlaid with iridescent blue, with smaller similar marking
ventrally; lower part of abdomen silvery white to pale grey, sometimes overlaid with iridescent blue; pectoral base
iridescent blue or purple; anterior two-thirds of body overlaid with iridescent blue to purple, often appearing as
broad swathe or narrow stripes; first dorsal fin yellowish grey to yellow, purple basally, often with narrow purple
bars along fin rays and membranes; 1–4 irregular rows of small bright yellow spots on basal part of fin; spine tips
bright purple to bright blue; second dorsal fin similar to first dorsal fin, but with 1 or 2 rows of bright yellow spots;
anal fin yellow-grey, with bright blue to purple stripe distally and basally, and last ray purple to blue; caudal fin
yellowish grey to bright yellow, purplish hyaline on central rays, with upper and lower lobes edged dorsally and
ventrally in purple to blue, sometimes with short blue to purple stripe extending from upper and lower edges of
caudal peduncle; pectoral fin pinkish hyaline; pelvic fin yellowish hyaline, pale blue posteriorly.
Coloration in preservative: Head and body pale yellowish tan; fins translucent, without markings.
Etymology. Named after the Moon Princess Kaguya from the Japanese folk tale Taketori Monogatari (The
Tale of the Bamboo Cutter). It alludes to the small spots on the first dorsal fin, which resemble the graphics used in
moon phase charts, and acknowledges that the species occurs in Japanese waters. The name was selected by school
students at education workshops associated with University of Sydney performances of 2071: A Performance
about Climate Change.
Habitat and distribution. Navigobius kaguya is known only from Sagami Bay and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan,
and the west coast of Luzon, Philippines (Figure 7). It appears to occur singly or in small groups in silty areas, with
sand or mud-bottom or low-relief reef at depths ranging from 30–60 m.
FIGURE 7. Distribution records for species of Navigobius: closed circles, N. kaguya; closed triangle, N. dewa + N. kaguya; ;
star, N. dewa; open triangle, N. vittatus; open circle, N. cf kaguya; open square, N. vittatus + N. cf kaguya. The record of N.
vittatus from Bali is based on underwater photographs. The species has also been photographed in the Philippines, but precise
locality data is lacking.

Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
·
377
NEW SPECIES NAVIGOBIUS FROM WEST PACIFIC
Comparisons. As noted below, we do not believe Navigobius khanhoa is allocated correctly to this genus.
Characters distinguishing N. kaguya, N. dewa (Figure 8) and N. vittatus (Figure 9) are summarised in Table 1,
along with characters distinguishing an undescribed species from the Maldives and Bali, Indonesia (hereafter
termed N. cf kaguya; Figure 10). The last-named is only known on the basis of aquarium specimens, and our
comparisons are based on details we can determine from photographs. Note also that there is conflicting
information in the Hoese & Motomura (2009) account of N. dewa. Most notably their table 2 states N. dewa has all
cycloid scales, whereas their description correctly states there are some ctenoid scales. The error is apparently due
to information for that character in the table being swapped with that of Pterocerdale Hoese & Motomura (2009).
The four species are readily distinguished on the basis of live coloration, shape and height of the first dorsal fin,
and fin-ray, scale and gill-raker counts.
TABLE 1. Comparison of characters of Navigobius species. Data for N. cf. kaguya from the Maldives and Bali is based
on live photographs. Data for N. dewa and N. vittatus based on Hoese & Motomura (2009) and Allen et al. (2015),
respectively, supplemented with information from unpublished photographs of live individuals.
N. kaguya N. cf kaguya N. dewa N. vittatus
D2 rays I,16 I,16 I,19 I,11–13
A rays I,16 I,16 I,19–20 I,10–12
P1 rays 21–22 ? 20 18–19
Longitudinal scale
series
87–91 ? 92–97 52–58
Scales in backwards
transverse series
29–30 ? 40–42 12–14
Gill rakers 5–6 + 17 ? 5 + 11 4–5 + 11
First D height and
shape
Weakly to moderately
incised between spines,
taller than D2
Weakly incised between
spines, taller than D2
Weakly incised between
spines, equal or lower than
D2
With filamentous
spine tips, taller
than D2
Yellow stripe from
behind upper part of
eye
Weak or absent, to edge
of operculum
Weak or absent, to edge
of operculum
Well developed, to beneath
first dorsal fin at least
Well developed, to
above pectoral-fin
base
Red lateral stripe
from behind eye to
mid body
Absent Present Absent Absent
First D coloration Yellow-grey to yellow,
basally purple with 1-4
rows of yellow spots
Yellow-grey, basally
purple with yellow
stripe, sometimes
broken into spots
Bright yellow with distal,
middle and basal purple
stripes
Yellow-grey with
two blue stripes
Second D coloration Yellow-grey to yellow,
basally blue to purple
with 1-2 rows of yellow
spots, and last ray purple
to blue
Yellow-grey to yellow,
basally blue to purple
with 1 row of yellow
spots, and last ray
purple to blue
Bright yellow with distal,
middle and basal purple
stripes, the distal-most
yellow area broken into
spots
Yellow-grey with
two blue stripes
Anal fin coloration Dusky yellow, with
bright blue to purple
stripe distally and
basally, and last ray
purple to blue
Dusky yellow, with
bright blue to purple
stripe distally and
basally, and last ray
purple to blue
Pale yellow basally, bright
yellow distally, with two
bright blue to purple stripes,
one through middle and one
on distal margin of fin
Dusky yellow,
indistinctly blue
anteriorly on distal
margin
Upper edge of
caudal fin
Blue to purple Blue to purple Yellow Blue
Pelvic fin coloration Yellowish hyaline, blue
posteriorly
Yellowish hyaline, blue
posteriorly
Purple anteriorly, yellow
posteriorly
Bluish grey edged
anteriorly with blue

GILL ET AL.
378
·
Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 8. Navigobius dewa, photographed in 62 m, off Higashisakurajima-cho, Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu, Japan, 8 June
2009. Photo by S. Dewa.
FIGURE 9. Navigobius vittatus, WAM P.34032-001, 23.0 mm SL, holotype, Brunei Darussalam. Photo by M.V. Erdmann.
(Photo previously published in Allen et al. 2015: fig. 1.)
Remarks. The following images of N. kaguya are in the Image Database of Fishes in the Kanagawa
Prefectural Museum of Natural History: KPM-NR 33772A (Seragaki beach, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, 45
m, 21 Oct. 1999, photo by Mitsuaki Takata); KPM-NR 38775A (Sesoko Island, near Okinawa Island, Ryukyu
Islands, 48 m, 20 Nov. 2000, photo by Hajime Takano); KPM-NR 60635A (Cape Maeda, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu
Islands, 35 m, 24 Jan. 2001, photo by Takeru Tsuhako); KPM-NR 90574A (Manza, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu
Islands, 45 m, May 2006, photo by Yusuke Terada); KPM-NR 91865A-C, Izu Oceanic Park, Sagami Bay, Honshu,
60 m, 9 Nov. 2006, photo by Seishi Nakano); KPM-NR 93513A, Onna, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, May
2004, photo by Rika Ikoma).

Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
·
379
NEW SPECIES NAVIGOBIUS FROM WEST PACIFIC
FIGURE 10. Navigobius cf kaguya, aquarium specimen (not retained) from the Maldives. Photo courtesy of Aquarise, Japan.
Comments on the generic position of Navigobius khanhoa Prokofiev
Prokofiev (2016) described N. khanhoa on the basis of the 18.5 mm SL holotype from Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam.
However, the generic allocation of N. khanhoa is in need of re-evaluation because of the following: “26 rays”
(presumably I,25) in the second dorsal and anal fins (versus I,11–19 and I,10–20, respectively, in the remaining
Navigobius species); premaxillae protrusible (versus weakly or not protrusible); 7 + 6 segmented caudal-fin rays
(versus 9 + 8); and caudal fin lobes not prolonged (versus prolonged). Prokofiev’s figure of the holotype (his fig.
5a) also appears to show either a groove or canal in the preopercle, which is absent in other Navigobius. Some of
these characters are more suggestive of species of Oxymetopon Bleeker (1860), and D.F. Hoese (pers. comm.)
suggested that N. khanhoa might be based on a juvenile of a species of that genus. He further relayed that Y. Ikeda
had determined that Orthostomus Kner (1868) (and by extension, Whitley’s (1931) unneeded replacement for
Orthostomus, Stomogobius) is based on a juvenile of an Oxymetopon species.
Acknowledgements
We thank S.K. Tea, K. Lim, M. McGrouther, A. Hay and S.E. Reader for curatorial assistance. B. Shutman
provided the paratype via Iwarna Aquafarm. We thank K. Yunokawa, M.V. Erdmann, S.K. Tea, H. Kodato,
Aquarise, Japan, T. Otake and H. Tanaka for photographs of Navigobius species. S. Michalski assisted with
preparation of Figure 6. D.F. Hoese provided helpful discussion on the identity of N. khanhoa. The first author also
thanks M. St Anne for arranging the education workshop that allowed the naming of the new species. This study
was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP24370041 and JP24501278; the "Biological Properties
of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan" project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
References
Akihito, Prince, Hayashi, M. & Yoshino, T. (1984) Suborder Gobioidei. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. &
Yoshino, T. (Eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 236–289.

GILL ET AL.
380
·
Zootaxa 4347 (2) © 2017 Magnolia Press
Akihito, Sakamotu, K., Iwata, A. & Ikeda, Y. (1993) Cephalic sensory organs of the gobioid fishes. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.), Fishes
of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 1088–1116.
Allen, G.R., Erdmann, M.V. & Cahyani, N.K.D. (2015) Navigobius vittatus, a new species of dartfish (Gobiidae: Ptereleotrinae)
from Brunei Darussalam. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 17, 12–21.
Birdsong, R.S., Murdy, E.O. & Pezold, F.L. (1988) A study of the vertebral column and median fin osteology in gobioid fishes
with comments on gobioid relationships. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 174–214.
Bleeker, P. (1860) Zesde bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Timor. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië,
22, 247–261.
Gill, A.C. & Mooi, R.D. (2010) Character evidence for the monophyly of the Microdesminae, with comments on relationships
to Schindleria (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Zootaxa, 2442, 51–59.
Gill, A.C. & Mooi, R.D. (2012) Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate
Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa, 3266, 41–52.
Hoese, D.F. & Motomura, H. (2009) Descriptions of two new genera and species of ptereleotrine fishes from Australia and
Japan (Teleosei: Gobioidei) with discussion of possible relationships. Zootaxa, 2312, 49–59.
Kner, R. (1868) Über neue Fische aus dem Museum der Herren Johann Cäsar Godeffroy & Sohn in Hamburg. (IV. Folge).
Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 58, 26–
31.
Prokofiev, A.M. (2016) Gobies (Gobioidei) of soft bottoms from Nha Trang and Van Phong bays (South China Sea, Vietnam).
Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 56, 635–654. [in Russian; English translation published in Journal of Ichthyology, 56, 799–817]
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945216060096
Roberts, C.D. (1993) Comparative morphology of spined scales and their phylogenetic significance in the Teleostei. Bulletin of
Marine Science, 52, 60–113.
Saruwatari, T., López, J.A. & Pietsch, T.W. (1997) Cyanine blue: a versatile and harmless stain for specimen observation.
Copeia, 1997, 840–841.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1447302
Senou, H., Suzuki, T., Shibukawa, K. & Yano, K. (2004) Photographic Guide to the Gobioid Fishes of Japan. Heibonsha,
Tokyo, 534 pp. [in Japanese]
Whitley, G.P. (1931) New names for Australian fishes. Australian Zoologist, 6, 310–334, pls. 25–27.