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Biobased Supply Chain Optimisation Model under Uncertainties
Abstract
This contribution presents the development of a generic two-stage stochastic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) modelling framework to optimise the systematic design and planning of spatially explicit, multi-period, multi-echelon and multi-feedstock lignocellulosic biomass-to-biobased products supply chain networks in terms of financial profitability accounting for biomass yield uncertainty. A demonstrative European case study is addressed involving the potential Hungarian lignocellulose-based ethanol and power production. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed decision-making tool at providing a quantitative analysis regarding the economic performance of different design configurations and their effects in terms of investment decisions.
... Panteli et al. [116], developed a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for the integration of a technology superstructure with a spatially explicit, multi-period and multi-feedstock, and lignocellulosic biomass to bio-based products supply chain network. The developed model was solved using GAMS® software by the CPLEX solver. ...
... In addition, they run a European case study of the South-West of Hungary to validate the applicability of the developed model along with its usefulness in driving decision-making regarding the strategic design of advanced future biorefining systems. They have reported that the performance of sensitivity analyses, as well as the inclusion of technical or economic uncertainty metrics into the mathematical framework, is of great importance to identify the major cost drivers along with the design and planning of robust bio-based supply chains [116]. ...
In the operation of biorefineries, performing a quantitative, economic, and environmental assessment of process equipment design without the use of related software, is time-consuming, difficult, and sometimes impossible due to the complexity and high volume of calculations. The wrong choice of software in simulation and modeling can cause a lot of damages and lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, choosing an integrated system and specialized software can be the most important tool to achieve the planned goals. This study is aimed to investigate how and when to make the right software choice to enhance the performance and profits and diminish the risks, operating costs, and environmental impacts. The software used in the stages of cultivation, harvesting, conversion of microalgae, process optimization, and environmental impact assessment of biorefineries are introduced in various sections of this study, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are given along with some practical examples. The software tools investigated in this study include Aspen plus, SuperPro Designer, BioSTEAM, IPSEpro, WinGEMS, Unisim Design, Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB) modeling software, Simapro, OpenLCA, and, etc., which can be used according to feed and process conditions and products. To our knowledge, we did not encounter any similar reviews or reports, and this review is the first of its kind on this topic.
... Since then, the interest in designing supply chains to produce biobased materials and chemicals has been increasing as reported in different publications ( Balaman et al., 2018 ;Galanopoulos et al., 2019 ;He-Lambert et al., 2019 ). Regarding the used criteria, most of the publications on the topic "biobased supply chain" focused on the supply chain design using a single criterion -production costs ( Galanopoulos et al., 2019 ;He-Lambert et al., 2019 ;Panteli et al., 2017 ). In contrast, few publications included environmental dimensions as an objective function in the optimization model ( Balaman et al., 2018 ;Jonkman et al., 2019 ). ...
Bioplastics are considered a sustainable alternative to (partly) substitute fossil-based plastics. Nevertheless, it is still uncertain if the use of biomass for the production of bioplastics can mitigate the environmental impact of fossil-based plastics and simultaneously provide economic benefits. An optimization model is proposed to design biobased supply chain networks that account for economic (total costs) and environmental (greenhouse gas emissions) criteria. Life cycle costing and life cycle assessment were used to evaluate the economic and environmental costs of the biobased polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production using sugar beet and wheat as feedstock. The 100% biobased PET production evidenced higher economic and environmental costs than the 30% biobased PET production. The feedstock selection played a key role, whereas the use of wheat for both 30% and 100% biobased PET had the highest costs and greenhouse gas emissions. It is highlighted that the economic performance of the biobased terephthalic acid (PTA) production, the feedstock selection (sugar beet), and the carbon tax scenario (>100 €/t CO2) are key parameters for designing a sustainable biobased PET supply chain.
... In general, the pathways considered to develop products derived from lignocellulosics include the following elements: biomass cultivation, storage, and treatment plants (biorefineries); intermediate product storage; final product production plants, and demand centers. Raw materials and intermediate products circulate between the elements (Panteli et al. 2017; are interdependent, but also on collective decisions. Therefore, this research is a holistic and prospective approach in order to anticipate the design of future lignin supply chains. ...
... In general, the pathways considered to develop products derived from lignocellulosics include the following elements: biomass cultivation, storage, and treatment plants (biorefineries); intermediate product storage; final product production plants, and demand centers. Raw materials and intermediate products circulate between the elements (Panteli et al. 2017; are interdependent, but also on collective decisions. Therefore, this research is a holistic and prospective approach in order to anticipate the design of future lignin supply chains. ...
On a global scale, the main usages of wood are energy production and materials. Wood chemistry offers a broad range of potential outlets, and the whole supply chain around it. The latter is made up of a set of actors (suppliers, producers, etc.), processes and financial, informational and material flows. Designing the supply chain is therefore a complex activity. It is therefore important to determine the different variables that will influence the design of the supply chain. From this perspective, this research focuses on the valorization of the lignin fraction, by addressing the various aspects of the development of new products and by determining the variables that will impact the design and implementation of the future supply chain.
... De manière générale, les filières considérées pour fabriquer des produits lignifiés incluent les éléments suivants : les sites de culture de la biomasse, des sites de stockage de la biomasse, des usines de prétraitements de la biomasse (bioraffineries), des sites de stockage de produits intermédiaires, des usines de production du produit final et des centres de demandes. Entre chaque élément circulent des matières premières et des produits intermédiaires (Panteli, Giarola, & Shah, 2017, 2018. Pour étudier la faisabilité de la filière, une cartographie des entreprises pouvant potentiellement intervenir dans l'approvisionnement des différentes matières premières nécessaires à la fabrication de ce produit innovant a été réalisée. ...
Dans le cadre de notre projet, nous nous concentrons sur les étapes d'extraction et de purification de la lignine ainsi que de sa valorisation dans des produits finis, particulièrement des élastomères à base de lignine. La disponibilité de la lignine et la capacité des bioraffineries à produire de la lignine sont analysées à grande échelle avec une cartographie des acteurs, pour identifier les risques d'approvisionnement au sein de la filière innovante.
A crucial element of the quest of curbing carbon dioxide emissions is deemed to rely on a biobased economy, which will rely on the development of financially sustainable biorefining systems enabling a full exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass (and its macrocomponents, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) for the co-production of biofuels and bioderived platform chemicals. In this work, a general modelling framework conceived to steer decision-making regarding the strategic design and systematic planning of advanced biorefining supply networks is presented. The design task is formulated as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) which accounts for the maximisation of the supply chain profit, considering multi-echelon, multi-period, multi-feedstock and multiproduct aspects as well as spatially explicit features. The applicability of the proposed model, along with the use of a bi-level decomposition approach, are demonstrated with a case study of lignocellulose-based biorefining production systems in the South-West of Hungary. Results show the effectiveness of the tool in the decision-making regarding the systematic design of advanced biorefining SC networks. An economic analysis 1of different design configurations (i.e. centralised and distributed scenarios) through a holistic evaluation of the entire biobased SC, integrating technology superstructure, shows that both instances generate profitable investment decisions that could be equally trusted by the decision-maker unless regional restrictions are applied.
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