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Using of mobile flood protection on the territory of the Moldova as
possible protection of the community
To cite this article: L Malerova et al 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 92 012039
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1st International Conference on Advances in Environmental Engineering (AEE 2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (2017) 012039 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012039
Using of mobile flood protection on the territory of the
Moldova as possible protection of the community
L Malerova1, J Pokorny1, E Kristlova1 and J Wojnarova1
1Department of Civil Protection, Faculty of Safety Engineering VŠB-Technical
University of Ostrava, Ostrava-Výškovice, Lumírova 13/630, Czech Republic
Email: lenka.malerova@vsb.cz
Abstract. The Moldova is facing an increased incidence of floods. For these reasons, the
involvement of state in flood protection is rising. Despite the fact that the Moldova is not a
member of the European Union, its government follows legislation on prevention, risk assessment
and flood protection which is closely connected with landscape. The article deals with the
possibilities of using mobile flood barriers in this territory as possible protection of the
community.
1. Introduction
Floods are one of the most common and common natural disasters. They can cause both life and
animal losses, as well as losses on property and the environment. Countries across the globe are
tackling different flood protection, which has become a very topical issue in recent years. This is due
to the frequent occurrence of spring and lightning floods, global warming and anthropogenic
interference in watercourses. Flood protection means measures to prevent and prevent damage to
floods, carried out mainly by systematic prevention and implementation of preparatory measures
within the municipality's preparedness for floods.
One of the countries facing the floods is Moldova. A part of the preventive measures in the flood
protection area is the construction of mobile flood protection barriers ("FPB") in pre-selected
locations. For the purposes of the article, the community is understood to mean the population living
in the territory of Moldova and having some relations with each other.
2. The territory of Moldova
Moldova is located in an area with average annual rainfall of approx. 520 mm / year. The problem is
the great unevenness of the distribution of these precipitations, as well as the insufficient retention
capacity of the landscape (only 10% of Moldavia is covered with forests) [1]. The network of
Moldavian rivers consists of two larger rivers - the Dnieper and the Prut, which flow into the lakes
near the Danube and are connected with the Black Sea. There are 57 lakes and 3,500 ponds and
reservoirs in Moldova [7][9].
Even though Moldova is not a member of the EU, it is subject to legislation on prevention, risk
assessment and flood protection, similar to the EU member states. The issue of flood protection in
Moldova is dealt with under the laws (eg, the Water Act No. 272/2011, provides a legal framework for
the management, protection and efficient use of surface and groundwater, etc.) and European
directives (eg the Floods Directive No 2007/60 / EC of 23 October 2007, etc.). The other legal
regulation governing Moldova in the area of flood protection is "Commission Decision 2014/762 / EU
of 16 October 2014 (hereinafter referred to as" the Decision ") laying down rules for Decision No
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (2017) 012039 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012039
1313/2013 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Union Civil Protection Mechanism
and repealing Commission Decision 2004/277 / EC, Euratom 2007/606 / EC, Euratom, in relation to
the Civil Protection Module. An important module is Module 16 - Flood Control and Propagation. The
task of this module is to consolidate existing (existing) facilities built up in recent years, or to build
new barriers to prevent flooding from rivers, water tanks and rising waterways [5] [7] [9].
On the basis of the research (Study), the most vulnerable areas of the flood and identified for the
FPB installation are: Vadul lui Vodă (suburb Chisinau) and Soroca (see Figure 1. Map showing
vulnerabilities. Vadul lui Vodă is a suburb of Chişinău. It is located on the right side of the Dniester
River with a population of 5,295 people. The village is an important place for tourism. Close to the
village there is an airport that is popular for landing and tourist flights and a large number of tourist
resorts with forest park and beaches. [7] The Soroca district is located in the northeast of Moldova
with a population of 95,000 by 2016. The administrative district of Soroca is the city of the same name
located on the right side of the Dniester. The town of Soroca is a very interesting and popular place for
tourism and recreation not only for the locals but also for tourists [2][4] [6].
Figure 1. Map showing vulnerabilities [4][5].
3. Problems of bagging and mobile barriers
Part of anti-flood measures is the ability to cope with unwanted water leakage into areas that need to
be protected from flooding. Types of mobile flood protection include sandbags or FBP. The most
widespread mobile flood protection is classical sacks with an inert mix such as sand, gravel, soil, etc.
Sandbags can be used to build dams, seal doors, windows, ventilation spaces, canals, etc. The
effectiveness of the dike built from sacks is greatly increased by foil. There are currently many types
and types of FPB on the market. The flood protection barriers are divided according to the type of
construction (supporting frame, chamber concept, filling mixture) and used material (steel, aluminium,
plastic, glass, cloth and wood). [2]
Table 1. Comparison of bag system with internal mixture and FPB shows a comparison of so-called
bagging versus FPB. Based on the comparison made for the installation of flood protection facilities in
Moldova, FPB were selected. [3]
Table 1. Comparison of bag system with internal mixture and FPB [3].
parameter
Sacks with internal mixture
Mobile flood barriers
Speed of
installation
TIME CONSUMING
The lengthy sand filling and the need to
construct the pyramid layout in the
open spaces
QUICK
Immediate installation, a system of modules that
connect to each other, will allow quick
installation. Unlimited barrier length and shape.
Practice
READY TEAM
The need for a whole team of people
who are gradually filling, carrying and
sacking.
SOME PERSONS
simple laying, about 5 people
Filling
PICK AND FILLING EQUIPMENT
It is NOT NEEDED or WATER (flood) - it is
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (2017) 012039 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012039
material
Sacks must be filled with mixtures, the
need for filling equipment.
filled with water, which erects the barrier.
Disposal
HYGIENIC AND NUCLEAR FOR
TIME AND WORKING FORCE
Inappropriate hygienic conditions, need
for more workforce.
CLEAN AND NON-ANNUAL
Water cleaning, roller / board layering /
construction and storage for further use.
Performance
WORKING - The need for a filling
device and a team of people who are
gradually filling, carrying and sacking.
NONE or WATER (flood)
Disassembly
and disposal
NON-HYGIENIC, NUCLEAR FOR
TIME AND WORKING FORCE
Inappropriate hygienic conditions, the
need for more workforce
PURE AND NON-ANNUAL
Simple disassembly by handling technique.
Stability
LIMITED STABILITY - Especially for
higher barriers, the bags need to be
layered into a pyramid, which is
material and space-intensive. Limited
barrier height.
VERY STABLE
Stable system of connected heavy bags /
construction with boards or pallets and tarpaulin /
copying terrain. Possibility of stacking up rows.
Permeability
PERVIOUS
Bags pass through water throughput.
MINIMUM PROPORTIONALITY
True terrain copying, and tight junction of the
bags / design with the plates ensure the barrier is
impenetrable.
4. Analysis of the appropriate mobile flood protection
The choice of the appropriateness of the FPB has been taken into account in accordance with the
Decision. Based on this, the technical parameters, criteria and description were set for the selection of
FPB, see Table 2 [1]. Table 2. Technical parameters for barrier selection [3].
Criterion
Description
Price
The total cost of an FPB does not exceed the total value of 380 000 Euro.
Protective
height
Ability to cover water up to a minimum height of 1000 mm.
Length
Construction of FPB with a length of 1000 meters.
Intervention
Ability to simultaneously interfere with at least 2 locations in the areas (in the case of
the Study it is a place of the village of Vadul lui Voda and the city of Soroca).
Transport
Easy transportability of FPBs, including all accessories (hand pallet trucks and
forklifts) on lorries from the place of storage to an endangered flood site.
Installation
Rapid construction and installation variability without the use of stationary anchor
points, base pads, foundation belts, easy disassembly, no specific grounding
requirements (high load-bearing capacity). It must be possible to install on different
terrain, including unpaved surfaces (gravel, dirt, grass, concrete, asphalt, concrete,
etc.) on a flat weight basis. Possibility of parallel construction (building on multiple
sections with subsequent interconnection). FPB must limit leaks at the point of
contact of the bottom of the FPB and the terrain. Construction interval is set at 1000
meters / 15 persons / 1 hour
Shape
variability
Shape variability of FPB - straight sections, arcs, possible solutions by combining
individual types of FPB. The FPB parts must be connected to an unlimited length
while retaining the ability to retain water. The FPB must be stable even when the
sealing elements are punctured / broken.
Construction
In order to ensure the FPB maintenance, the structure is specified on the support
structure, the type of support frame.
Lifetime
Minimum 10-year FPB lifetime (excluding sealing elements) for installation and
repeatable use of FPB core components. FPB resistant to abrasion and mechanical
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IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (2017) 012039 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012039
damage (e.g. floating objects). FPB resistant to floating objects. FPB must perform its
function at temperatures of -10 to + 50ºC.
Control
Possibility to perform simple screening controls, without the need to involve other
entities. Regular maintenance of FPB does not require the intervention of a supplier
or manufacturer of FPB and can be performed by a trained user.
The analysis was performed using the multi-criteria pairing method of the Füller triangle, which
was used for a number of criteria, namely 7. The method is used in the determination of weights with a
larger number of criteria, where it is difficult to compare each other. Based on the use of this method,
the coefficients were calculated, see Table 3.
Table 3. Selected coefficients for the criteria [3].
Criterion
Coefficient
1. Price
0.18
2. Protective height
0.25
3. Transport
0.03
4. Installation
0.11
5. Shape variability
0.07
6. Construction
0.18
7. Lifetime
0.18
The next step was the assignment of values, see Table 4, which was then multiplied by the
coefficients.
Table 4. Assigning values to the criteria [3].
Numeric values
Symbol
Description
5
X
did not meet the criterion
10
∞
information not identified
15
√
met the criterion
The resulting values for individual barriers were calculated according to formula (1) [3].
∑(𝑘𝑛× ℎ𝑛
7
𝑛=1 ) (1)
Where: kn - coefficient from Table 3
hn - the numerical value of the criterion in Table 4.
The resulting values of each species are recorded, see Table 5.
Table 5. Resulting values of individual types of barriers [3].
Flood protection
barriers
Description
Result
One-chamber
construction type chamber design, used material strength
PVC, filling material water, cylindrical type
9.45
Tubus
type construction of a chamber concept, tubes covered with
polyester, tubular type
9.65
Filling with filler
material
type with steel construction, material - covered with PES
woven PVC, water or loose material
8.2
Bags
bags made of rubber-textile material, fitted with flanges for
water filling and deaeration, filling material water
8.2
Barrier filling with
flood water
polyethylene barrier, filling material flood water
10
5
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1st International Conference on Advances in Environmental Engineering (AEE 2017) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 92 (2017) 012039 doi :10.1088/1755-1315/92/1/012039
Filling without filling
materials
type of supporting structure, type of supporting frame, sealing
rubber rim
13.9
Barrier carrier
type of supporting structure, type of supporting frame, sealing
foil, possibility of using wooden pallets
15
Based on the analysis that arose from the market survey offered by FPBs, the scale for their
evaluation was set, see table 6.
Table 6. Set barrier rating scale [3].
Range of values
Rating
5 – 10
does not meet the conditions, cannot be
used as a barrier at selected locations
over 11
meets conditions, can be used as a barrier
at selected locations
It is clear from the evaluation that a suitable type for the installation of FPB in the endangered
territory of Moldova is the supporting structure, the type of support frame of the sealing foil or the
sealing rubber rim.
5. Conclusion
This article provides a preview of flood protection issues related to mobile flood barriers (FPB) in the
territory of Moldova. The article is based primarily on the Study, which dealt with the selection of
FPB in the endangered community, Vadul lui Vodă (suburb of Chisinau) and Soroca. Based on the
analysis, it was found that a suitable type of FPB for installation in endangered places in Moldova is
the FPB of the supporting structure, the type of support frame of the sealing foil or the sealing rubber
rim. FPB will serve Service of civil protection and emergency situations of the Republic of Moldova
for the following purposes: protection against floods and storm water, protection of industrial
buildings and family houses, enhancement of existing dams or rivers, regulation and collection of
flood water. The FPB can be ambidexterous use for floods, not only at Vadul lui Voda and Soroca.
The disadvantage is the possibility of incorrect installation of FPB. This option is unlikely for reasons
of training (practical exhibitions of MPZ) 10 persons for 2 x 7,5 hours in the Czech Republic and 10
persons 2 x 7,5 hours in Moldova.
Acknowledgments
The article was prepared as part of the project of the Student Grant Competition “The proposal (the
creation of) the categorization of resources enabling the management of extraordinary events related to
the community”. Project number SP2017/140.
Reference
[1] EM-DAT 1988 The International Disaster Database
[2] Climatechange post 2017 Moldova - River floods Moldova
[3] Maléřová L, Pokorný J, Kristlová E and Wojnarová J 2017 Studie mobilních protipovodňových
hrazení v Moldavsku
[4] Moldovenii Soroca 2017 Raionul Soroca
[5] Ramsbottom, D et al. 2016 Developing a national programme of flood risk management
measures: Moldova E3S Web of Conferences 7
[6] The Globe 2014 Safari Moldova (USA: Lulu Press Inc.)
[7] Vadullui 2017 Voda
[8] Water governance in transboundary Republic of Moldova 2017
[9] Worldof Moldova Locationof Moldova and geographical data about the country 2017
