Content uploaded by Athul Prasad
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Athul Prasad on Nov 07, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
5G Micro-Operator Networks – A Key Enabler for New Verticals and Markets
Abstract and Figures
The demand for wireless information exchange in the form of data and multimedia content has been growing exponentially over the past few years, and the trends are expected to persist for the future. Due to the continued growth in demand and support required for new use cases and features, currently the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks are being developed. We present the concept of micro-operators and discuss the use of cloud-based deployments to enable new connectivity and service provisioning paradigms. The use of such networks for supporting new verticals, related challenges and impacts on network security and the regulatory support from new spectrum regimes are also briefly discussed. Performance issues and optimization approaches are briefly outlines to enable a fast and efficient deployment of 5G networks which are suitable for new verticals and markets, providing tailored services and applications.
Figures - uploaded by Athul Prasad
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Athul Prasad
Content may be subject to copyright.
... Local 5G Operator (L5GO) is one of the prominent innovation in 5G which operates as a small scale mobile network within limited geographical area such as university, hospital, factory or shopping mall. L5GOs enable business entities to operate their own 5G communication ecosystem with distinguishing and custom requirements [1]. It will be a disruptive innovation of 5G networks to cater a diverse set of emerging applications [2]. ...
... Further, a cost rating is calculated for each network's pricing schemes by combining voice, Short Message Service (SMS) and data costs with pre-defined weights for each parameter. The cost score computation is demonstrated in (1). ...
Local 5G Operator (L5GO) concept is one of the most prominent versatile applications of the 5G in the near future. The popularity of L5GOs will trigger a greater number of roaming and offloading event between mobile operators. However, existing static and the operator-assisted roaming and offloading procedures are inefficient for L5GO ecosystem due to poor service quality, data privacy issues, data transferring delays, excessive costs for intermediary parties and existence of roaming fraud. To address these challenges, we propose a blockchain / Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based service platform for L5GOs to facilitate efficient roaming and offload services. As the key contribution, blockchain based smart contract scheme is proposed to establish dynamic and automated agreements between operators. By using smart contracts, we introduce several novel features such as universal wallet for subscribers, service quality based L5GO rating system, user-initiated roaming process and the roaming fraud prevention system to improve the operational quality of a L5GO. A prototype of the proposed platform is emulated with the Ethereum blockchain platform and Rinkeby Testnet to evaluate the performance and justify the feasibility of the proposal. Upon an extensive evaluation on the prototype, it was observed that the proposed platform offered benefits such as cost effective, more secure and reliable experience.
... In addition to the public LTE/5G networks, which telecommunications carriers operate, the private LTE/5G networks are now getting a lot of attention [2]. The private networks are small-scale compared to the public network and are operated by non-telecommunication operators, also known as microoperators [3]. Compared to the Wi-Fi network, which is the now natural option for the private network, the private LTE/5G networks can offer the secure and flexible network by the cellular-based technologies [4]. ...
The private LTE/5G networks are now getting a lot of attention since it can offer a secure and flexible indoor network such as smart factories and buildings by the cellular-based technologies. However, the cell planning and physical layer parameter optimization to achieve the wide indoor coverage and low latency, which are important performance in such deployments, remain very important and difficult issues to be solved. Therefore, this paper measures the reference signal received power (RSRP), throughput, and delay performance with the shared extended global platform (sXGP) system following TD-LTE specification employing the 1.9 GHz band with 5 MHz bandwidth in the multi-floor building. We employ the automated guided vehicle (AGV), which enables highly accurate measurements while moving at walking speed. We measure the indoor spatial distribution of the performance under various conditions, such as opening and closing of doors and human blockage. Since the delay performance depends more on the physical layer procedure and parameter settings such as scheduling request (SR) periodicity than on the channel conditions, we evaluate the influence of the SR periodicity on the delay performance, and analyze the physical layer procedure in detail. We estimate the delay based on the analysis, and show that the estimated and the measured delays are in good agreement.
... Furthermore, the authors also used role-based access control (RBAC) in the proposed framework to determine the policies. The utilization of micro 5G operators or local 5G networks can lead to frequent roaming events in 5G networks because most of the 5G operators have a lower level of security compared to main mobile network operators [46][47][48]. Therefore, the probability of running into malicious 5G operators that work as a serving network is highly possible [26]. ...
In recent years, 5G networks and services become progressively popular among telecommunication providers. Simultaneously, the growth in the usage and deployment of smartphone platforms and mobile applications have been seen as phenomenal. Therefore, this paper discusses the current state of the art of 5G technology in the merger of unconditional security requirements referred to as Quantum Cryptography. The various domain of Quantum Cryptography is illustrated including the protocols available, their functionality and previous implementation in real networks. This paper further identifies research gaps covering critical aspects of how Quantum Cryptography can be realized and effectively utilized in 5G networks. These include improving the current technique in Quantum Cryptography through efficient key distribution and message sharing between users in 5G networks.
... Addressing the custom requirements demanded by the different use cases at a specific geographical location intensifies the requirement of a local network management entity. Local 5G Operator (L5GO) is one of the promising advents in 5G, which serves as a private network for specific applications like hospitals, industries, schools, etc. [4]. L5GO networks satisfy the aspect of catering the network services based on the demand of the users while improving the efficiency of the communication system and ensuring their Quality of Service requirements. ...
The dawn of smart industries will utilize myriads of interconnected machines, devices, and sensors in factory environments to perform intelligent operations. This paradigm demands satisfying diverse communication requirements through strong network connectivity and services. Network Slicing (NS) in the fifth-generation (5G) and beyond networks is a pragmatic technology that can be utilized to satisfy the communication requirements of smart industries. This paper provides a comprehensive insight on how different NS strategies can be utilized to realize smart industry applications. Furthermore, we simulate a smart factory environment to evaluate the performance of different slicing strategies under two network statistics: band-width utilization and the number of connected clients, along with different base station arrangements.
... This has led to the development of a new type of network management and service provisioning paradigm called Local 5G operator (L5GO) networks, or private 5G networks. L5GO allows companies and local governments to operate their own 5G communication ecosystems with a unique design depending upon the operation-specific requirements [4], [5]. L5GOs can be used to accelerate the digital innovation in various fields such as hospitals, factories, industries, universities, and shopping malls. ...
5G is a promising technology that has the potential to support verticals and applications such as Industrial Internet of Things IoT (IIoT), smart cities, autonomous vehicles, remote surgeries, virtual and augmented realities, and so on. These verticals have a diverse set of network connectivity requirements, and it is challenging to deliver customized services for each by using a common 5G infrastructure. Thus, the operation of Local 5G operator (L5GO) networks or private 5G networks are a viable option to tackle this challenge. A L5GO network is a localized small cell network which can offer tailored service delivery. The adaptation of network softwarization in 5G allows vertical owners to deploy and operate L5GO networks. However, the deployment of L5GOs raises various issues related to management of subscribers, roaming users, spectrum, security,and also the infrastructure. This paper proposes a blockchain-based platform to address these issues. The paper introduces a set of blockchain-based modularized functions such as service rating systems, bidding techniques, and selection functions, which can be used to deploy different services for L5GOs. Exploitation of blockchain technology ensures availability, non-reliance on trusted third parties, secure transfer payments, and stands to gain many more advantages. The performance and the viability of the proposed platform are analyzed by using simulations and a prototype implementation.
Industry 5.0 is regarded as the next industrial evolution, its objective is to leverage the creativity of human experts in collaboration with efficient, intelligent and accurate machines, in order to obtain resource-efficient and user-preferred manufacturing solutions compared to Industry 4.0. Numerous promising technologies and applications are expected to assist Industry 5.0 in order to increase production and deliver customized products in a spontaneous manner. To provide a very first discussion of Industry 5.0, in this paper, we aim to provide a survey-based tutorial on potential applications and supporting technologies of Industry 5.0. We first introduce several new concepts and definitions of Industry 5.0 from the perspective of different industry practitioners and researchers. We then elaborately discuss the potential applications of Industry 5.0, such as intelligent healthcare, cloud manufacturing, supply chain management and manufacturing production. Subsequently, we discuss about some supporting technologies for Industry 5.0, such as edge computing, digital twins, collaborative robots, Internet of every things, blockchain, and 6G and beyond networks. Finally, we highlight several research challenges and open issues that should be further developed to realize Industry 5.0.
The global bandwidth shortage facing wireless carriers has motivated the exploration of the underutilized millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency spectrum for future broadband cellular communication networks. There is, however, little knowledge about cellular mm-wave propagation in densely populated indoor and outdoor environments. Obtaining this information is vital for the design and operation of future fifth generation cellular networks that use the mm-wave spectrum. In this paper, we present the motivation for new mm-wave cellular systems, methodology, and hardware for measurements and offer a variety of measurement results that show 28 and 38 GHz frequencies can be used when employing steerable directional antennas at base stations and mobile devices.
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is considered to be one of the key enablers for the provisioning of advanced applications and services such as smart cities and hospitals, as well as automated vehicular and industrial automation operation. Currently, in LTE-Advanced systems, the main focus has been on supporting massive deployment of low cost devices, with enhanced radio access network coverage. In this work, we present the recent MTC enhancements in LTE system. Detailed performance analysis based on LTE system settings is also presented. The LTE capacity evaluations performed based on devices per physical resource block indicate that significantly large number of devices can already be supported in an LTE system, based on the assumptions used, with minimal system overhead. We also present an overview of some of the key scenarios, requirements and use cases currently being considered for M2M communication in fifth generation (5G) systems. The performance requirements currently being considered for massive and ultra-reliable M2M communication are also discussed.
METIS is the EU flagship 5G project with the objective of laying the foundation for 5G systems and building consensus prior to standardization. The METIS overall approach toward 5G builds on the evolution of existing technologies complemented by new radio concepts that are designed to meet the new and challenging requirements of use cases today??s radio access networks cannot support. The integration of these new radio concepts, such as massive MIMO, ultra dense networks, moving networks, and device-to-device, ultra reliable, and massive machine communications, will allow 5G to support the expected increase in mobile data volume while broadening the range of application domains that mobile communications can support beyond 2020. In this article, we describe the scenarios identified for the purpose of driving the 5G research direction. Furthermore, we give initial directions for the technology components (e.g., link level components, multinode/multiantenna, multi-RAT, and multi-layer networks and spectrum handling) that will allow the fulfillment of the requirements of the identified 5G scenarios.
Heterogeneous network, or HetNet, deployments are one of the key enablers in providing ubiquitous coverage and capacity enhancements for LTE-Advanced networks. They play an important role in achieving high data rate and quality of service requirements defined for next generation wireless networks. In this article we evaluate various cell discovery techniques tailored for energy-efficient detection of small cells deployed in a carrier other than the serving macrocell. The presented schemes are evaluated using extensive system simulations conducted in a 3GPP LTE-Advanced HetNet scenario. Shortcomings of the currently standardized mechanism are analyzed, and advantages of the evaluated schemes are presented. Both the offloading opportunity utilization and savings in UE battery power consumption are analyzed. The results show that using the considered flexible, adaptive, and intelligent schemes for small cell discovery, significant UE power savings can be achieved with small loss in offloading - giving benefits both on system level as well as in user experience.
While there is already a common understanding of the services, which 5th generation (5G) mobile communications systems should support, and the key technology components needed to achieve this, there is still the need for further clarification and consensus among key players on the overall 5G radio access network (RAN) architecture and its detailed functional design. The 5G public private partnership (5G PPP) project METIS-II has the objective to foster exactly this consensus building before and in the early days of the standardisation work for 5G. This paper lists the 5G RAN design requirements as identified in the project and summarises the latest considerations of METIS-II on the air interface landscape in 5G, the envisioned logical RAN architecture and related aspects, as well as key functional design considerations in 5G, which have found wide endorsement within the project. Copyright
The phenomenal growth of mobile data demand has brought about increasing scarcity in available radio spectrum. Meanwhile, mobile customers pay more attention to their own experience, especially in communication reliability and service continuity on the move. To address these issues, LTE-Unlicensed, or LTEU, is considered one of the latest groundbreaking innovations to provide high performance and seamless user experience under a unified radio technology by extending LTE to the readily available unlicensed spectrum. In this article, we offer a comprehensive overview of the LTEU technology from both operator and user perspectives, and examine its impact on the incumbent unlicensed systems. Specifically, we first introduce the implementation regulations, principles, and typical deployment scenarios of LTE-U. Potential benefits for both operators and users are then discussed. We further identify three key challenges in bringing LTE-U into reality together with related research directions. In particular, the most critical issue of LTE-U is coexistence with other unlicensed systems, such as widely deployed WiFi. The LTE/WiFi coexistence mechanisms are elaborated in time, frequency, and power aspects, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that LTE-U can provide better user experience to LTE users while well protecting the incumbent WiFi users??? performance compared to two existing advanced technologies: cellular/WiFi interworking and licensed-only heterogeneous networks (Het-Nets).
Self-organizing network, or SON, technology, which is able to minimize human intervention in networking processes, was proposed to reduce the operational costs for service providers in future wireless systems. As a cost-effective means to significantly enhance capacity, heterogeneous deployment has been defined in the 3GPP LTEAdvanced standard, where performance gains can be achieved through increasing node density with low-power nodes, such as pico, femto, and relay nodes. The SON has great potential for application in future LTE-Advanced heterogeneous networks, also called HetNets. In this article, state-of-the-art research on self-configuring and self-optimizing HetNets are surveyed, and their corresponding SON architectures are introduced. In particular, we discuss the issues of automatic physical cell identifier assignment and radio resource configuration in HetNets based on selfconfiguring SONs. As for self-optimizing SONs, we address the issues of optimization strategies and algorithms for mobility management and energy saving in HetNets. At the end of the article, we show a testbed designed for evaluating SON technology, with which the performance gain of SON algorithms is demonstrated.
Wireless communications today enables us to connect devices and people for an unprecedented exchange of multimedia and data content. The data rates of wireless communications continue to increase, mainly driven by innovation in electronics. Once the latency of communication systems becomes low enough to enable a round-trip delay from terminals through the network back to terminals of approximately 1 ms, an overlooked breakthrough?human tactile to visual feedback control?will change how humans communicate around the world. Using these controls, wireless communications can be the platform for enabling the control and direction of real and virtual objects in many situations of our life. Almost no area of the economy will be left untouched, as this new technology will change health care, mobility, education, manufacturing, smart grids, and much more. The Tactile Internet will become a driver for economic growth and innovation and will help bring a new level of sophistication to societies.