Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Technology; Goals, Challenges and Strengths

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International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications
Volume 6 Issue 09, 2017, ISSN-2319-7560 (Online)
www.ijsea.com 272
Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Technology;
Goals, Challenges and Strengths
Abolfazl Iravani
Master of Agricultural
Engineering
Azad University of Birjand
Birjand, Iran
Mohammad Hasan akbari
Master of Public
Administration (Governmental
Management)
Farabi Campus, University of
Tehran
Birjand, Iran
Mahmood Zohoori
Master of Environmental
Management
Putra University of Malaysia
Birjand, Iran
Abstract: The concept of green processes and technologies is the processes and technologies which are environmentally friendly,
improved and utilized in such a way so that it doesn’t disorganize the environment and conserve natural resources. Some people refer
green technology as environmental technology and clean technology. The existing expectation is that this field will bring novelty and
innovation changes in diurnal life of same magnitude of information technology. Besides, today due to the importance of this
technologies, most of the governments takes initiatives to promote it. Therefore, governments recommended many financial incentives
which generate electricity from renewable resources. The goals of green technologies are as follow: to meet the needs of society in the
way without depleting or damaging natural resources on earth which is the major target of green technologies. The concept is to make
products which can be fully reclaimed or reused. Furthermore, by changing patterns of production and consumption, steps are being
taken into account to diminish waste and pollution as one of the most indispensable aims of green technologies. Many companies have
committed for establishing manufacturing practices and business regarding green technologies. Besides, this kind of technology
implies to a system which utilizes innovative techniques to create environmental friendly products. Predominantly, it contains the
various everyday cleaning products, waste, inventions, energy sources, clothing and host of others. Going green or using technologies
which are environmental friendly is amongst the many methods which countries are looking in order to spur economic growth and
develop the lives of its citizens. Green processes and technologies use renewable and natural resources which never depletes. Besides,
green technology utilizes innovative and new techniques in terms of energy generation. Furthermore, green nanotechnology which
utilizes green chemistry and green engineering is one of the newest in green technologies. One of the most important factors for
pollution of environment is the disposal of waste which green technology has the answers to it as well. This kind of technology can
easily alter the waste pattern and production in a way which it does not deteriorate the earth and people can go green. Furthermore,
among the conceivable areas where these creations and growth are expected to come from involve organic farming, green energy,
green building construction, eco-textiles, and manufacturing of relevant products and materials to support green business. Because it is
new to the industries. Besides, it is also expected to absorb new clients who will see too many advantages of using green technologies
in their places and others. Therefore, the main goal is to utilize green technology which has no adverse effects on the planet. Nowadays
there are huge concerns regarding environmental pollution which bring attentions on the utilization of green products and processes.
There are a great amount of researchers who have been conducted and are being conducted in different industries with various scopes
in this term. However, the essential point is whether green technology are able to adapt in various industries. Certainly, one of the
major problems in the globe is pollution which has created a huge concern in relation to the future human life. Therefore, this paper
concentrates on the advantages and disadvantages of green technology.
Keywords: Green technology, Environmental pollution, Renewable energy, green chemistry, eco-friendly technology, organic farming
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays industries consume more
energy than what it is essential, so it
leads to more pollution. That’s why
it is necessary to create a managerial
system based on green processes and
products to decrease the pollutions.
Besides, the opportunities are
provided in green technology.
Governments, companies and
industries all around the globe seek
have been seeking for methods and
techniques to diminish the waste,
because the earth’s environment is
not in a proper situation today in
terms of pollution for instance: water
contamination, global warming and
forest disappearing which are main
difficulties for environment.
However, in roofed environment
such as offices with mechanical
ventilation, but without circulation,
tools like computers may lead
sensory pollution loads (Al-Ali et al.,

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2010), (Zohoori et al., 2016). In
point of fact, the personal computers
(PCs) considered as a potent indoor
pollution sources. Furthermore, when
PCs are services for every three
months, sensory pollution load of
every singular one is 3.4 Olfactus
(olf) (Bakó‐Biró et al., 2004),
(Zohoori et al., 2016).
Chemical analysis detects the
pollutants emitted by PCs. The most
remarkable chemicals involve
phenol, toluene, 2- ethylhexanol,
formaldehyde, and styrene (Al-Ali et
al., 2010). Therefore, these types of
pollutants include an indespisable
adverse effect on the air quality, not
only in the offices but also in many
spaces like houses. In addition,
(National Public Radio) NPR
reported by Chris Arnold in 2004
from Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) officials said:
Computers and their monitors in the
United States have the responsibility
for the unessential creation of
millions of tons of greenhouse gases
per year (Ravali et al., 2011).
Besides, as the whole globe have
been talking about going green,
everybody can chip-in his/her bit for
saving environment, energy and
money. Commonly, PCs and other IT
equipment consume a great amount
of electricity and have high carbon
emission levels. Moreover, the
utilization of green technology are
especially designed to minimize
power consumption (Zohoori et al.,
2016).
As the name implies green
technology is one which has a green
purpose. Furthermore, green
inventions are environmentally
friendly inventions which often
include energy efficiency, recycling
health and safety concerns,
renewables and more. The world has
its fixed amount of natural resources
which some of them are already
depleted or destroyed. For instance:
electronics and household batteries
often involve hazardous chemicals
which can contaminate the
groundwater after disposal, polluting
soil and water with chemicals which
cannot be eliminated from the
potable water supply and food crops
grown on polluted soil. Moreover,
the risks on human health are
tremendous. So, every investor needs
to think green and know that green
inventions and clean technology are
such proper business as well as its
growing markets with growing
benefits. Besides, from the point of
view of the consumers it should be
known that purchasing green
inventions can diminish their energy
bills as well as safer and healthier
products (Zohoori et al., 2016).
2. Literature review
2.1. Definition of Technology
The word technology is being used
to refer to a collection of skills,
methods, processes and techniques
utilized in the production of goods
and services or in achieving of the
goals like scientific investigation.
Besides, technology is the
knowledge of how to combine the
resources to produce the desirable
products, to solve the difficulties,
fulfill the needs, satisfied wants.

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Furthermore, it involves technical
methods, proficiency, techniques,
tools, raw materials and etc, or it can
be embedded in machines,
computers, devices and factories,
which can be operated by peoples
without detailed knowledge of the
working of such things. Currently,
the state of technology is the
application of science, arts and math
for the profit of life as it is well-
known technology (Monu Bhardwaj
et al., 2015).
2.2. What Is Green Technology?
Clean or green technology is the
improvement and application of
equipment, systems and products
utilized to save the natural
environment and resources which
minimize and decrease the adverse
effect of human activities (Monu
Bhardwaj et al., 2015). Green
technology satisfy the following
criteria:
a) It minimizes the deterioration of
the environment;
b) It lowers greenhouse gases (GHG)
emission to zero as well as its
utilization is safe and finally it
enhances healthy and improved
environment for all forms of life.
c) It saves the use of natural
resources and energy.
d) It enhances the utilization of
renewables.
2.3. Categories of Green technology
Green technology covers a vast area
of production and consumption
technologies. The adoption and
utilization of green technology
include the exploitation of
environmental technology for
monitoring and evaluating, pollution
prevention, control, remediation and
restoration. Furthermore, monitoring
and evaluating of technology are
used to measure and track the
condition of the environment,
involving the release of natural or
anthropogenic materials of a
detrimental nature.
Prevention technologies refrain the
production of hazardous materials or
change human activities in the ways
which minimize damages to the
environment. Moreover, it
encompasses product substitution or
redesign of a whole production
process rather that utilizing new
pieces of equipment. Besides, control
technologies render hazardous
materials harmless before entering
the environment. Furthermore,
remediation and restoration
technologies embody techniques and
methods designed to develop the
condition of ecosystems, degraded
through naturally induced or
anthropogenic effects (Sanjukta
Banerjee et al., 2014).
One of the most famous examples of
green technology is solar cell. A
solar cell directly transforms the
energy into light or electricity
through the process of photovoltaic.
Besides, generating electricity from
solar energy means reduction in
consumption of fossil fuels and
greenhouse gases emissions and less
pollution. Moreover, another
ordinary invention which can be seen

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green is the reusable of water bottle.
Naturally, drinking lots of water is
healthful, so reduction in the amount
of plastic waste is excellent for the
environment and wildlife. Therefore,
reusable water bottles which can be
refilled are health-promoting, eco-
friendly, and as well as green
(Sanjukta Banerjee et al., 2014).
2.3.1. Energy
Perhaps development of alternative
fuels, new means of generating
energy and energy efficiency are the
most instant matter for green
technology. In addition, renewable
energy involves efficiency
technology, water management and
water purification, recycling
technology, sewage treatment and
solid waste management. In
accordance to the IEA, World
Energy Outlook, the world’s first
energy supply has ascended by 58
percent in 25 years, from roughly 7.2
billion TOE (tons of oil equivalent)
in 1980 to around 11.4 billion TOE
in 2005. Table 1 demonstrates the
perspective of world energy demand
(Source: IEA World Energy;
Outlook 2007, 2008).
Table 1, Perspective of World Energy Demand

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Green building or sustainable design,
is the practice of rising the efficiency
which buildings and their sites utilize
energy, water and materials and their
decreasing impacts on human health
and the environment for the whole
lifecycle of a building. The concepts
of green building expand beyond the
walls of buildings and involve site
planning, community and land-use
planning issues as well. The rise of
the communities has a huge impact
on natural environment.
Furthermore, the manufacturing,
design, construction and operation of
the buildings are responsible for the
consumption of natural resources
(http://www.wncgbc.org/about/impor
tance-of-green-building).
Besides, green building contains
everything from the choice of
materials to where a building is
located for instance: sustainable
building material and building
performance technology (Sanjukta
Banerjee et al., 2014).
2.3.2.1. Environmental profits of
green building:
• Improve and protect biodiversity and
ecosystems
• Enhance air and water quality
• Diminish waste streams
• Conserve and retrieve natural resources
2.3.2.2. Economic benefits of green
building:
• Decline operation costs
• Enhance occupant productivity
• Improve asset value and benefits
• Optimize the economic performance of life-
cycle
2.3.2.3. Social benefits of green building:
• Boost occupant wellness and easement
• Elevate indoor air quality
• Minimize strain on local utility infrastructure
• Develop whole quality of life
2.3.3. Environmentally preferred
purchasing
Innovation contains the survey for
products in which contents and
techniques of production have the
slightest possible effect on the
environment, and mandates which
these be the preferred products for
government purchasing (Sanjukta
Banerjee et al., 2014).
Besides, in many areas like North
America, green technology is
becoming the quickest growing
segment of the economy. In addition,
the field of green technology
includes many various products and
services within different industries
such as transportation, management
of waste, agriculture, energy and
water supply. However, all of these
technologies have something in
common and that is implementation
with a diversity of industries, which

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not only optimize the operational
efficiency but also reduce the
negative impact regarding
environment. In fact, green
technology is the best solution when
it comes to sustaining the business
segment. Here are four elementary
business goals of green technology
which assist different organizations
to maximize their operations
(http://www.powerhousegrowers.co
m/4-business-goals-of-green
technology/).
2.3.3.1. Business goals of green
technology
2.3.3.1.1. Sustainability Goals
The systematic shift from short-term
gain which deteriorates natural
resources to the long-term prosperity
of future generations. This kind of
shift is mindset for a lot of
organizations.
2.3.3.1.2. Product Life Cycle Goals
Especially depending to
manufacturers, performing life cycle
evaluations finishes the “cradle to
grave” cycle of production. Besides,
products can be manufactured
utilizing a life cycle evaluation to
ascertain cradle to cradle cycles
whereby products can be reused at
the end of their life.
2.3.3.1.3. Product Efficiency Goals
Decreasing the pollution, waste and
resources consumption which takes
place during the manufacturing
process at many various stages. This
may contain post-production
efficiency for instance diminishing
impacts of shipping as well.
2.3.3.1.4. Closed-Loop Innovation
The whole technology controlled
“smart systems” monitor
consumption of resources and
management of waste, while
accounting for metrics which
otherwise would never have been
contained.
2.3.4. Green-chemistry
Green chemistry is called sustainable
chemistry as well. Besides, it is a
philosophy of chemical research and
engineering which encourages the
design of products and processes
which minimize the utilization and
generation of hazardous materials.
Moreover, in 1990 the Pollution
Prevention Act was passed in United
States. In addition, this act assisted to
create a modus operandi for dealing
with pollution in an original and
innovative way. Besides, it aims to
refrain difficulties prior they take
place. Moreover, green chemistry
applies to organic chemistry,
inorganic chemistry, biochemistry,
analytical chemistry and even

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physical chemistry. (Ghanshyam Das
Soni 2015).
2.3.5. Green-nanotechnology
Nanotechnology includes the
manipulation of matters at the scale
of the nanometer which is one
billionth of a meter. There are some
researchers who believe that mastery
of this issue is forthcoming which
will convert the method which
everything in the world is
manufactured. "Green-
nanotechnology" is the application of
green engineering and chemistry to
this field (Ghanshyam Das Soni
2015).
3. Significance Green Technology
Green technology is an
environmentally friendly technology
which is improved and utilized in a
way which conserves the
environment and protects natural
resources. The significance of green
technology can’t be ignored
especially the part pertains to
humanity. Besides, going green is the
only option to help humanity come
out of the current strict situation.
Therefore, before the things turn for
the worst, it is indispensable to
realize the significance of green
technology to solve the problems.
(www.ajcebeats.com/the-
importance-of-green-technology/).
4. Goals of Green Technology
The aims of green technology are
myriads. The major objective of
green technology is to meet the
needs of society in ways without
damaging or depleting natural
resources on the planet. In addition,
the opinion is to meet the present
needs without making any
compromise. Besides, it is required
to find the right destination to get all
about the goals of this kind of
technology. The concentration of
green technology is to make products
which can be fully reclaimed or
reused. In addition, steps are being
taken to decrease wastes and
pollution as one of the most
indispensable aims of green
technology via changing patterns of
production and consumption.
Moreover, it is necessary to improve
alternative technologies to hamper
any further damage to environment
and health. The solution is
precipitation in the implementation
of these kind of technologies to
benefit and protect the earth. The
important goals of green technology
introduce sustainable living, develop
renewable energy, decrease

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production of waste, conserve the
utilization of natural resources,
creation of products which are
reusable and recyclable, and
inventing alternatives to the practices
which adversely affect the human
and environment (Monu Bhardwaj et
al., 2015).
5. From Sustainability to
Greenability
Sustainability is commonly
considered from three dimensions
including the social, the economic
and the environmental which is
provided by the United Nation (Coral
Calero et al., 2015), IEEE (2014). As
shown in figure 1, the third
dimension is called green.

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6. Challenges to Green Technology
Adoption
In general, green technology is more
expensive than the technology it
aims to sub, because it accounts for
the environmental costs which hare
externalized in many conventional
production processes. This is a novel
technology and there is many things
in it which is unknown. In addition,
the associated improvement and
training costs make it even more
costly in comparison with other
established technologies. The
perceived profits regarding this
technology are also pertain to other
factors for instance supporting
infrastructure, technology readiness,
human resource capabilities and
geographic elements. Adoption and
circulation of these technologies can
be limited by a number of other
obstacles. Some may be institutional
like the lack of an appropriate
regulatory framework, and others can
be technological, financial, political,
cultural or legal in nature. Besides,
from company’s view, the barriers to
adopting green technology are high
implementing costs, lack of data and
information, no or lack of alternative
chemical or raw material inputs,
uncertainty regarding performance
impacts, lack of human resources
and finally, lack of skilled personnel.
In addition, overcoming these
barriers is a complicated process.
Promoting green growth needs
identifying and removing these
obstacles which prevent the large-
scale dissemination of clean
technology to improve countries
(Ghanshyam Das Soni 2015).
7. Strengths from adopting green
technology
• Ability to meet rigid product
specifications in foreign markets:
Manufacturers in developing
countries generally require to meet
more stringent environmental
specifications and requirements to
export their commodities to
developed and industrialized
countries and vice versa. The
adoption of green technology may
help exporting companies to achieve
advantage and market share over
competitors.
• Rebate of input costs: Green
technology can develop production
efficiency through the reduction for
input costs, energy costs and
maintenance and operating costs
which can develop a company’s
competitive position
• Environmental image: adoption of
green technology can enhance a
company’s environmental reputation
which is essential if other rivals and
consumers are becoming more
environmentally conscious.
• Ability to meet more stringent
environmental regulations in the
future: companies which invest in
green technology are more likely to
be better equipped and ready for
rigid environmental regulations as
well as commodity specifications

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which are expected to be imposed on
them in the future.
8. Advantages of Green Processes
and Technology
1. Does not release anything
detrimental into atmosphere
2. Bring economic profits to certain
areas
3. Need less maintenance
4. It is renewable which means will
never run out
5. Slow the impacts of global
warming by reducing CO2 emissions
The advantage of using green energy
sources is that it must be clean
therefore there is no discharge or
damage into the environment or
atmosphere. Besides, it is also
replenishable in contrast to oil. In
addition, green energy facilities are
difficult on the pocketbook to build,
it demands a lesser amount of
upkeep thus it lacks to spend some
huge cash to work it. Moreover, this
may also create economic
advantages to some particular areas
and even develop tourism industry.
Even while these seem excellent,
there are a few who believe there
exists profits to use such technology.
Establishing these facilities
additionally needs plenty of land so
we might have to cut on farmland
which explains what many are
worried about if more wind
generators have to be set up. A
second negative aspect is the fact
many of the green energy sources
cannot really be installed in specific
places of the earth. As an example,
wave energy can only be made use of
if the waves from the sea attain at the
least 16 feet. The utilization of
geothermal energy only works in
geologically unstable areas of the
planet. But if we look at these kinds
of arguments, areas that can't utilize
one method of green energy source
could be replaced for another.
If wind generators demand more
room or space, they could be set up
in the proximity of the coastline
instead of positioning these on land.
A study reveals you could get more
electric power while these happen to
be in the sea. As the weather is
something we are not able to
regulate, it is far from every day that
there's a weather disruption so this
too shall pass. If solar energy is
being utilized and the sun is covered,
the emergency generators will be
stimulated and utilize up the power
that was saved. Presently there exist
ways around the misunderstandings
put by a number of people which
discourage the usage of green energy
sources.
In truth, research is constant to try to
use other means to generate the
electrical power we need. A good
example of this is known as ocean
thermal energy. Energy is created by
harnessing the diverse temperatures
within the water. It is now being
employed on a small scale both in
Japan and Hawaii. In America, only
7% of green energy sources are used
across the country. This was much
higher 11 years ago and if we don’t
are limited to the money necessary

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for oil or even reduce our
dependency on it, we must invest
more in this clean energy. We can
get it from green energy sources such
as biomass, biodiesel, geothermal,
solar, water and the wind. These are
things just about everyone has
around us and all it takes is for
another person to harness it as a
substitute for depending on
traditional nonrenewable means to
turn out energy (Sanjukta Banerjee et
al., 2014).
9. Disadvantages of Green
Processes and Technology
Green processes and technology
refers to making efforts to improve
energy efficiency or reduce the
pollution produced by your home,
business and general living habits.
The main purpose of this kind of
processes and technology is to
reduce the potential negative impact
that energy consumption and
pollution can have on the
environment. While environmentally
friendly living is a positive ideal,
there are several possible
disadvantages of Green processes
and technology such as: high
implementing costs, lack of
information, no known alternative
chemical or raw material inputs, no
known alternative process
technology, uncertainty about
performance impacts, and lack of
human resources and skills (Recent
Research in Science and Technology
2014, 6(1): 97-100 ISSN: 2076-5061
Available Online: http://recent-
science.com).
9.1. Initial Costs
Perhaps the greatest disadvantage of
going green is that it often requires a
large initial cost. For example,
installing a new roof or new
insulation to keep heat from escaping
your home would be considered a
green home improvement, but it
would cost a large sum of money to
get the work done. Similarly, buying
a hybrid vehicle that gets good gas
mileage can reduce energy
consumption, but hybrid vehicles
often cost many thousands of dollars
more than similar vehicles without
hybrid technology. Upfront costs
present a large deterrent to going
green.
9.2. Inadequate Savings
The aim of going green in many
cases, such as building an energy-
efficient home or purchasing a
hybrid vehicle, is to reduce
environmental impact while saving
money in the long term. Green
buildings and vehicles tend to use
less energy, so initial costs can often
be recouped over time through
energy savings. The problem is that
the savings generated by going green
are often less than expected; they do
not make up for the initial cost
quickly enough to make them
economically viable.
9.3. Competition
In the business world, going green
can be an attractive goal to gain
goodwill and consumer support, but
unless green improvements are
economically viable, it can put a

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business at a competitive
disadvantage. For instance, if one
company decides to adhere to strict,
self-imposed pollution standards
which require the installation of new
technology and workers, while
another sets loose standards, the
second company will be at an
advantage since they will have lower
production costs. Even if national
standards were imposed to force
businesses to go green, this could put
them at a competitive disadvantage
with respect to foreign companies.
9.4. Marginal Impact
While going green is focused on
reducing harm to the environment,
the impact that any specific
individual can have on the
environment by going green is often
negligible. The theory is that if
everyone were to go green, it would
have a significant and noticeable
impact, but not everyone can be
convinced to go green and many
believe that doing so has no real
impact outside of the economics.
This makes going green a personal
choice for many, which does not
necessarily result in concrete
economic or environmental benefits
(https://www.sapling.com/6182126/d
isadvantages-going-green).
10. Conclusion
Consumers request for green
technology productions is on sharp
increase. Besides, government
consumers are highly mandated to
purchase green where is available,
and the spectrum of the products by
such provisions is on the rise. As for
business customers, if it is illustrate a
return on investment in green
products, then request will
materialize. The greatest
opportunities are in commodities
which decrease energy consumption.
Even so, a growing number of
business purchasers can be expected
to be motivated by nothing more
than the desire to be perceived as
supporting environmental
sustainability. Thus, change is
coming. The green in technology
products is being installed in the
R&D phase. Products are being
reconfigured to use fewer hazardous
substances, require less shipping
material, operate on less energy and
promote end-of-life recycling. So in
terms of environmental
sustainability, the technology
industries are embracing change.
They are changing to avoid negative
consequences or to meet green
demand or to achieve both. Whatever
their motivation, they are
incontrovertibly shifting toward
green.
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