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צעירים לנצח? אתגרי התחזוקה של מבנים גבוהים: לקראת מדיניות כוללת. ניר מועלם Forever Young? The Maintenance of High-Rise Housing Estates in Israel
Abstract and Figures
The project is designed to offer new policies to ensure the long-term maintenance of high-rise, multi-title buildings in Israel. The Israeli policy landscape is not properly adjusted to accommodate the dramatic changes in Israeli cities and the rapid construction of tall residential structures that impose many challenges in terms of their upkeep. The new book surveys existing conditions and documents the expedited construction of high-rise buildings. It then reviews existing literature and legislation and identifies gaps in policy, that prevent the long-term maintenance of multi-title residential buildings. The final stage of the project, and the concluding sections of the book provide recommendations on how to move forward in terms of local and national policies. The book is available only in Hebrew at this stage. A translation to English will be issued sometime in 2018.
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The topic of (post)socialist housing has been in the spotlight of European science for years. It has usually been examined in relation to specific social and economic aspects, such as tenant rights, social affordability or the issue of rents. Furthermore, it has been interpreted through the lenses of functional and physical aspects, close to urban planning. Nevertheless, scientific research traditionally makes a clear distinction between (post)socialist housing and its “counterpart” in Western Europe, regardless of the aforementioned aspects. However, this “dichotomy” has not been clear-cut in all parts of Europe. The space of former Yugoslavia is a good example of this ascertainment. Centrally positioned, Serbia has had a particularly interesting history of housing planning. Both western/capitalist and eastern/socialist influences have blended in Serbian housing since the beginning of modern age, in early 20th century. The former Oriental matrix of housing has gradually transformed into a specific urban construct through mixed influences. It began with early capitalist progress, which formed both the first modern housing and the informal housing in interwar period. The second period was very interesting because of a unique socialist model in housing with numerous western influences. The last period, i.e. post-socialist transformation, has brought some remnants from the past; visible informality has been developed side by side with new market-oriented housing models, causing observable housing segregation. This situation has created a new distinctiveness of Serbian housing. The purpose of this research is to understand these planning patterns of housing in Serbia, aiming to give recommendations and guidelines for a more resistant and proactive housing planning. This aim will be achieved through the critical presentation of the mentioned three periods. Significant effort will be put into headlining the distinctiveness of the planning of Serbian housing, which can be a crucial element for its qualitative transformation.BIBLIOGRAPHY:1) Antonić, B., Mitrović, B., Ralević, M. (2014). The Challenges of Housing Regulation in Serbian Legislation: Towards European Context and Best Practices. In: V. Mako, V. Lojanica (Eds.) HOUSING Development in Serbia in the Context of Globalization and Integrations. Vol. 3, Strategies and Models (pp. 167- 177). Belgrade: Faculty of Architecture, ISBN 978-86-7924-134-4; COBISS.SR-ID 212398092.2) Hamilton, I., Dimitrovska Andrews, K., Pichler-Milanović, N. (2005) Transformation of cities in central and Eastern Europe: Towards globalization. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.3) Mitrović, B., Antonić, B. (2014). The Chances for Achieving Urban Social Cohesion: Case Study of Belgrade Informal Settlement as a Pilot Project for New Social Housing, In: Book of Proceedings of International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM -Volume: 14/1 / Informatics, geoinformatics and remote sensing, SGEM Scientific Papers DataBase (pp. 581-588); Varna, Bulgaria: STEF92 Technology Ltd. ISBN 978-619-7105-10-0; ISSN 1314-2704; DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2014/B62/S27.087; hi-index 3 by Thomson Reuters, hi-index 5 by Scopus.4) Petrović, M. (2014) Društvo i gradovi između lokalnog i globalnog (Society and Cities between Localization and Globalization). Belgrade: Institut za sociološka istraživanja.5) Tsenkova, S. (2005) Trends and Progress in Housing Reforms in South Eastern Europe. Paris: Council of Europe Development Bank.
Background:
increasing number of people living in high-rise buildings presents unique challenges to care and may cause delays for 911-initiated first responders (including paramedics and fire department personnel) responding to calls for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We examined the relation between floor of patient contact and survival after cardiac arrest in residential buildings.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from the Toronto Regional RescuNet Epistry database for the period January 2007 to December 2012. We included all adult patients (≥ 18 yr) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of no obvious cause who were treated in private residences. We excluded cardiac arrests witnessed by 911-initiated first responders and those with an obvious cause. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the effect on survival of the floor of patient contact, with adjustment for standard Utstein variables.
Results:
During the study period, 7842 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest met the inclusion criteria, of which 5998 (76.5%) occurred below the third floor and 1844 (23.5%) occurred on the third floor or higher. Survival was greater on the lower floors (4.2% v. 2.6%, p = 0.002). Lower adjusted survival to hospital discharge was independently associated with higher floor of patient contact, older age, male sex and longer 911 response time. In an analysis by floor, survival was 0.9% above floor 16 (i.e., below the 1% threshold for futility), and there were no survivors above the 25th floor.
Interpretation:
In high-rise buildings, the survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was lower for patients residing on higher floors. Interventions aimed at shortening response times to treatment of cardiac arrest in high-rise buildings may increase survival.
The Development Management Scheme came into force in Scotland on June 1, 2009, providing another option in the law of apartment ownership in the United Kingdom. This area of law has seen unprecedented changes in the first decade of the 21st century. This article compares the Development Management Scheme to the previous Tement Management Scheme in Scotland, as well as the Commonhold system in England and Wales, which was introduced by the Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002. It argues that, if used effectively by conveyancers and developers, the Development Management Scheme holds advantages over both systems.
This collection is the first comparative study of the issues raised by multi-owned residential developments. The chapters draw on the empirical research of leading academics in the fields of planning, sociology, law and urban, property, tourism and environmental studies, and consider the practical problems of managing this type of housing. The book offers lessons from experiences in the UK, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Hong Kong, Singapore and China. © Sarah Blandy, Ann Dupuis and Jennifer Dixon 2010. All rights reserved.
Research has found that most bonus plazas in front of Manhattan office buildings are barren, uninviting spaces. But there has been little study of why that is so. Existing explanations suggest unusable plazas are unintended consequences of other processes—architects' slavishly reproducing modernist architectural styles, or developers' minimizing costs by neglecting public spaces. Such explanations are found to be unsupported by the facts. This study of 291 Manhattan bonus plazas and the development process in New York—including site observations; analysis of newly available plaza data; and interviews of architects, planners, and building managers-reveals that spaces were intentionally made uninviting, and that developers acted to make the plazas inaccessible. Implications for the study and creation of public space are discussed.
