Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Myorelaxant Activity of Essential Oil of Hedychium aurantiacum
Abstract
Abstract: Family Zingiberaceae is worldwide in distribution. Plants of this family are used in traditional system of medicine as herbal folk medicine besides its uses in spices, cosmetic, ornamental, food preservatives etc. In Uttarakhand the herbs grow from sub-tropical to temperate region. In present study we worked on Hedychium aurantiacum. The composition of essential oil from the rhizomes of Hedychium aurantiacum was examined by GC and GC-MS techniques. Twenty two constituents representing 97.25%. 96.97% of the oil consisted of monoterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids were presented only in trace quantities. Linalool (83.01%) was the major component of the oil. The other major constituents present in the oil were limonene (4.81%), α-terpinene (2.69%), cis-linalool oxide (1.53%) and trans-linalool oxide (1.55%). The oil showed significant effect on duodenum smooth muscles of wistar rats and the antioxidant activity of the oil was tested using three different methods viz. Reducing power assay, 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and effect on of Fe+2 chelating activity. The essential oil of Hedychium aurantiacum showed reducing power activity, 2’2’ diphenylpecryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and chelating activity of Fe2+ ions in dose dependent manner but significantly less compared to the standards BHT, Gallic acid and Catechin.
Key Words: Hedychium aurantiacum; GC-MS; Linalool; Zingiberaceae; antioxidant activity; duodenum smooth muscles; DPPH
Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a number of biologically active compounds. Since ancient times, such plants have been used in ethnopharmacology. A number of medicines have been developed from plant origin by researchers and Researchers continue to be interested in plant-based medicines.. Zingiberaceae is a well-known plant family for such types of medicinal and aromatic plants. Zingiber is the third largest genus of this family and Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe is a medicinal and aromatic Z. roseum is a rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plant of this genus, popularly known as “Rosy Ginger” and “Jangli Adrak,” utilized in the Siddha arrangement of medication, and its rhizomes have been used to treat injury, cough, asthma, skin illnesses, gastric ulcers, liver diseases, and heartburn in tradition. It also has ethnopharmacological uses, such as the rhizome of Z. roseum is used for digestion, relieving giddiness, and as a stimulant. Apart from this, it has been reported for several pharmacological activities such as antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, etc. Z. roseum is a reservoir of several chemical constituents such as terpenes and terpenoids such as linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, etc., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and ascorbic acid along with important unique constituents such as zerumbone which are responsible for its medicinal and other biological activities. In this review article, we discussed the thorough knowledge published by researchers regarding the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological, and mediational properties of Z. roseum and its botanical descriptions.
Globba sessilifora Sims is an aromatic rhizomatous herb of family Zingiberaceae which is endemic to Peninsular India. Tis study frst reports the phytochemical profle and pesticidal potential of oleoresins obtained from the aerial and rhizome parts of Globba sessilifora Sims. Te oleoresins were prepared by the cold percolation method and were analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Both the oleoresins varied greatly in composition, the major compounds identifed in aerial part oleoresin (GSAO) were methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and phytol, while the major compounds present in rhizome part oleoresin (GSRO) were c-sitosterol, 8 (17),12-labdadiene-15, 16-dial, methyl linoleate, and methyl palmitate. In order to evaluate the biological activities, the oleoresins were tested under laboratory conditions for nematicidal action and inhibition of egg hatching potential against root knot nematode, where GSRO was more efective. Insecticidal activity was performed against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi and castor hairy caterpillar, Selepa celtis. In case of mustard aphid, GSRO (LC 50 � 154.8 ppm) was more efective than GSAO (LC 50 � 263.0 ppm), while GSAO (LC 50 � 346.7.0 ppm) was more efective against castor hairy caterpillar than GSRO (LC 50 � 398.1 ppm). Te herbicidal activity was performed in the receptor species Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, and the oleoresins showed diferent intensities for seed germination inhibition and coleoptile and radical length inhibition. Molecular docking studies were conducted to screen the in vitro activities and through molecular docking, it was found that the major oleoresins components were able to interact with the binding pocket of HPPD and AChE with c-sitosterol showing the best binding afnity.
Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, generally known as butterfly ginger, butterfly lily, cinnamon jasmine, garland flower and ginger lily. It is a medicinal plant grown throughout India, Southeast Asian countries, China, Japan, and Brazil. Traditionally, it is used as a febrifuge, tonic, anti-rheumatic, used to treat asthma, headache, arthritis, bronchitis, blood diseases, eye diseases, gastric diseases, and many other diseases. H. coronarium contains important secondary metabolites such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, oxides, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, labdane diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Limonene, myrcene, p-cymene, camphene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, α-pinene, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol have been identified as the main constituents of volatile oils of H. coronarium along with the key elements like trans-meta-mentha-2, 8-diene, linalool, α-terpineol, terpin-4-ol, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, and camphene. Phytochemical studies on various solvent extracts of H. coronarium revealed that the plant holds the diterpenes- coronarin-A-I, isocoronarin-D, pacovatin A; sesquiterpene- (+)-nerolidol, hedychiol A, hedychiol B 8,9-diacetate; sterols- daucosterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and flavonoid- 5-hydroxy-3,7,4’-trimethoxyflavon, chrysin. Coronarin D, a bioactive compound, is reported for anti-cancer activities of H. coronarium. Diterpenes isolated from H. coronarium extracts and essential have been reported as antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antihelmintic, mosquitocidal, larvicidal, antilithiatic, chemopreventive, antiophidian, insecticide, antifungal, allelopathic, and antimicrobial agent. Based on the literature, the essential oils, extracts and isolated active compounds of H. coronarium could be used to develop as flavor and fragrance agents, food preservatives, botanical pesticide, neutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This review paper aims to go over traditional uses, phytochemical analysis, pharmacological activities, scientific techniques for variety development, conservation, and proper utilization and identify future opportunities for H. coronarium.
The aim of present study was to evaluate chemical composition and different
biological activities viz., pharmacological and antioxidant activities of essential oils.
The chemical composition of essential oils was determined by gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry while biological activities were evaluated by standard protocols.
Essential oils of Hedychium spicatum Sm. from two different ecological niches viz;
Nainital (Site-I) and Himachal Pradesh (Site-II) of India revealed the qualitative and
quantitative chemo-diversity. Both the oils were dominated by oxygenated terpenoids.
Major marker compounds identifi ed were eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, α-eudesmol,
10-epi-γ-eudesmol, and iso-borneol. Both the oils exhibited anti-infl ammatory activity
suppressing 17.60 % to 33.57 % infl ammation at 100mg/kg b. wt. dose levels compared
to ibuprofen-treated group (40.06 %). The sub-acute infl ammation in oils-treated mice
groups (50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt.) increased on day 2 but showed a gradual decrease from
day 3 onwards and then recovered to normal by day 10. The antinociception percentage
for doses (50 and 100 mg/kg b. wt.) ranged from 33.70-40.46 % in Site-I and 30.34-42.39 %
in Site-II compared to standard drug, ibuprofen (43.08 %). The oils also showed a good
antipyretic effect by suppressing Brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) induced
pyrexia after oil dose injection. The oils also exhibited good antioxidant activity
The current study deals with different biological activities and phytochemical composition of methanolic and ethyl acetate oleoresins from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum Sm. Chemical analysis of Hedychium spicatum rhizome methanolic oleoresin (HSRMO) revealed the presence of curzerene (14.7 %), coronarin E (13.3 %), curdione (10.2 %) and linderazulene (6.0 %) as major phytoconstituents while Hedychium spicatum rhizome ethylacetate oleoresin (HSREO) was dominated by curcumol (13.0 %), curzerene (10.4 %) and isovelleral (9.7 %). The total phenolic content and flavonoid content in the oleoresins were found to be significantly high on the dry weight basis. In antioxidant assay, HSRMO and HSREO exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 52.4±0.6 mg/mL) and (IC 50 = 55.3±0.1 mg/mL), metal chelating activity of Fe 2+ (IC 50 = 25.6±0.1 mg/mL) and (IC 50 = 19.9±0.2 mg/mL) and reducing power activity (RP 50 = 36.1±0.1 mg/mL) and (RP 50 = 32.7±0.2 mg/mL) respectively. Both the oleoresins revealed significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium. HSRMO and HSREO at 25 % dose levels exhibited 51.9 % and 68.5 % antifeeding activity against Spilosoma obliqua respectively. HSRMO and HSREO were also found to exhibit moderate to strong antifungal activity against Colletotrichum falcatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii and exhibited significant anti-glycemic activity.
Hedychium spp., composed of about 80 species, are multipurpose plants that are generally used as ornamental plants because of their showy, diverse, and scented colorful flowers. Hedychium extracts are widely used in traditional medicine to treat a multitude of ailments, while their essential oils have shown antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. Because of these properties, Hedychium essential oils have the potential for use in plant-based formulations of preservatives to improve shelf life of stored food products.KeywordsBiopesticidesButterfly gingerGinger lily
Hedychium
MonoterpenesOrnamental gingerSesquiterpenes
The essential oil obtained from rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium Koenig and Hedychium spicatum Buch-Ham. growing wildly in Kumaun region of central Himalaya were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Forty six compounds representing 98.7 % of H. coronarium oil were identified. The main components identified were linalool (29.3 %), limonene (20.3 %), trans-meta-mentha,2,8diene (12.9 %), γ-terpinene (8.9 %) and 10-epi-γ-eudismol (3.8 %).Thirty six compounds accounting 87.4 % of H. spicatum oil were identified.The major constituents were 1,8-cineole (17.6 %), α-eudesmol (17 %), 10-epi-γ-eudismol (9.7%), δ-cadinene (7.5 %), cubenol (6.9 %), germacrene D-4–01 (6.8 %) and γ-cadinene (5.4 %). H. coronarium oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons while H. spicatum oil was rich in suquiterpene alcohols. Both the oils showed antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria, viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruoginosa and Proteus vulgaris.
Pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida manifest often as respiratory infection in farmed small ruminants. Although the incidence of pasteurellosis due to P. multocida mainly takes the form of pneumonia, there is limited information on host factors that play a role in disease pathogenesis in the milieu of host–pathogen interactions. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2), a critical regulator for various inflammatory and immune responses by controlling oxidative stress, may play an important role in the processes of inflammation induced by P. multocida. In this study, linalool, a natural compound of the essential oils in several aromatic plant species, elevated nuclear Nrf-2 protein translocation in the A549 lung cell line and in vivo. The P. multocida-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression was abrogated by Nrf-2 siRNA. Postponed treatment with linalool decreased lung neutrophil accumulation and enhanced clearance of P. multocida. Furthermore, linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, animals treated with linalool had a marked improvement in survival. These findings have uncovered that linalool acts as a novel Nrf-2 activator for a novel therapeutic strategy in pathogen-mediated lung inflammation.
Abstract Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble monomer which has broad application in different industries and also can form in food during heating process. This monomer is a potent neurotoxic and damages the central and the peripheral nervous system in human and animals. Oxidative stress has been mentioned as an important pathway in ACR neurotoxicity, therefore the purpose of the current study was evaluation of possible effects of linalool which is a naturally enantiomer monoterpene compound. Linalool has shown antioxidant properties in several studies. Male Wistar rats were treated with ACR (50 mg/kg ip) alone or with linalool (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip) for 11 days. In another 2 groups rats were treated with linalool (12.5 mg/kg ip) 3 days after and before ACR administration. Then behavior index (gait score) was examined for rats. After that, rats were sacrified and molondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) content were determined in brain tissue. Exposure to ACR led to severe gait abnormalities and treatment with linalool significantly reduced abnormalities. ACR reduced GSH content and increased level of MDA in cerebral cortex. Linalool increased GSH content while decreased ACR-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain tissue and the best protocols were initiation of supplementation before or simultaneous with ACR administration.
We have screened 11 important species of Zingiberaceae, used as spices and for medicinal purposes in Indonesia, for their antitumor activity using human HT 29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. They were Amommum cardamomum, Curcuma aeruginosa, C. longa, C. mangga, C. xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga, K pandurata, K rotunda, Z. aromaticum, Z. cassumunar, and Zingiber officinale. Ethanol extracts of eight species showed strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the cancer cells when evaluated using the colorimetric tetrazolium salt assay. Since curcumin, a yellow pigment isolated from C. longa, has shown its potential anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo studies and is currently undergone clinical trial in the US, we used an extract of C. longa as a comparison. Extracts of K. pandurata and Z aromaticum had very strong inhibitory activity against the two cell lines similar to those of C. longa. However, curcumin was not detectable in the extracts of those two plants. The ethanol extracts of the active species had less effect on the growth of a non-transformed human skin fibroblast cell line (SF 3169). Microscopic examination of cancer cells exposed to extracts of active species showed a characteristic morphology of apoptosis. Further study on Z aromaticum and K. pandurata, including identification of bioactive compounds and elucidation of mechanism(s) likely to be operating, has been carried out.
The essential oil from rhizomes of H. aurantiacum Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) was found to consist largely of (+)-linalool (80.6%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (16.0%). The composition of the oil differs markedly from the rhizome essential oil obtained from H. spicatum var. acuminatum (H. acuminatum Roscoe), a plant which closely resembles H. aurantiacum.
Iron was released from ferritin by both cysteine and ascorbate at the pH found in muscle foods (5.5-6.9). The rate of iron release from ferritin was influenced by temperature and ferritin and reducing agent concentrations. Storing beef muscle at 4°C for 11 days resulted in a decrease in the concentration of ferritin antibody precipitatable iron, suggesting that iron is released from ferritin in situ. Physiological concentrations of ferritin catalyzed lipid oxidation in vitro, and heating ferritin increased the rate of lipid oxidation. These data suggest that ferritin could be involved in the development of off-flavors in both cooked and uncooked muscle foods.
Four new iridoid glucosides 1–4, named blumeosides A–D, were isolated from the methanolic stem-bark extract of Fagraea blumei G. DON. (Loganiaceae). They were accompanied by the benzyl-alcohol derivative di-O-methylcrenatin (5) and the flavone C-glucoside swertisin (6). The structures of 1–4 were established by spectroscopic methods, including FAB-MS, and 1H- and 13C-NMR, and by alkaline hydrolysis. Blumeosides A (1) and C (3) are 10-O-(2,5-dihydroxytercphthalo) adoxosidic acid and 10-O-(2-hydroxyterephthalo)adoxosidic acid, respectively. In blumeosides B (4) and D (2), both carboxylic groups of the terephthalic-acid moiety are esterified by adoxosidic-acid units, Blumeosides A–D (1–4) inhibited bleaching of crocin induced by alkoxyl radicals. Blumeosides A (1) and D (2) also demonstrated scavenging properties towards the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hvdrazvl (CDPPH) radical in TLC autographic and spectrophotometric assays.