Chapter

Language Use and Language Labels in Community: Bhasha and Boli

January 2018

DOI:10.1057/978-1-137-51961-0_5

In book: The Ecology of Language in Multilingual India (pp.109-134)

Project: Language, Education, and Empowerment: Voices of Kumauni Young Women in Multilingual India

Authors:

Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen

This chapter analyzes local Kumauni understandings about language and dialect, which are best captured in the Hindi words bhasha and boli. A bhasha is distinct from a boli in that it has the form, the function, and the official status of a language. Yet, a boli or spoken variety also has value within its context. The varied use of these labels reflects a linguistic fluidity that seems quite natural to Kumauni young people and speaks to the emerging literature on the disinvention of language. Implications for community and identity include Kumaunis’ ability to claim both Hindi and Kumauni as their own, referring to either as mother tongue. This chapter provides, in some ways, a local response to the national-level language issues raised in Chapter 3.

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