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Effect of the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 (Republic Act 9994) on Drug Accessibility among the Elderly
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to determine the effect of the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 on drug accessibility among elderly. Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional design involving 775 senior citizens from Manila, Pampanga, Iloilo, Bacolod, Cagayan De Oro and Iligan. Results. Thirty-eight percent (38%) of senior citizens were not aware of the law, but 90% knew about the 20% discount and 54% knew about the 12% VAT exemption. Half (50%) of them ask for 20% discount all the time when they buy their medicines. Conclusion. Privileges are not fully enjoyed by senior citizens either due to lack of awareness or noncompliance of drug outlets to the provisions of the Law.
... Many senior citizens are not fully aware of the discount provisions as well as the VAT exemption in pharmaceutical April Kyle A. Inabangan, Laurence L. Garcia, Ferdinand T. Abocejo-Evaluation of the Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) on Mandated Privileges for the Elderly products (Salenga, Loquias, and Sarol, 2016). It is noted that 75 percent of surveyed drug outlets claimed to have provided the mandated discount provision while half claimed to have provided the 12 percent VAT exemption (Salenga et al., 2016). ...
... Many senior citizens are not fully aware of the discount provisions as well as the VAT exemption in pharmaceutical April Kyle A. Inabangan, Laurence L. Garcia, Ferdinand T. Abocejo-Evaluation of the Philippine Expanded Senior Citizens Act (RA 9994) on Mandated Privileges for the Elderly products (Salenga, Loquias, and Sarol, 2016). It is noted that 75 percent of surveyed drug outlets claimed to have provided the mandated discount provision while half claimed to have provided the 12 percent VAT exemption (Salenga et al., 2016). Problems in the implementation were experienced when elderly citizens were not able to take advantage of the law because of their lack of awareness (Haber, Lobiondo-Wood, 2002) or noncompliance of drug outlets (Government of the Philippines-Implementing Rules and Regulation of RA 9994 [GOP-IRR of RA 9994], 2010; Alvarez, Ong, and Abocejo, 2017). ...
This study examined how the Philippine government implemented Republic Act 9994 known as the "Expanded Senior Citizen's Act" of 1992. It evaluated the compliance of concerned establishments on selected privileges accrued to Filipino senior citizens. We employed the Provus Discrepancy Model (PDM) in the evaluation and analysis of gathered data. Thirty senior citizens from Cebu City, Philippines and twenty establishments were identified as respondents using randomized sampling. A content-validated semi-1 April Kyle A. Inabangan is a faculty member of the College of Nursing, Cebu Normal University (CNU), Cebu City, Philippines. She is a duly licensed and a professional nurse who currently teaches in the undergraduate level. Her recent publication and conducted researchers are focused on the different aspects of gerontology nursing.
... 9 However, many seniors need to be made aware of these benefits, which significantly hinders medication compliance. 10 Financial constraints further impact compliance despite the discount, as the cost of medications can still be prohibitive for those on fixed incomes. 11 Assessing seniors' satisfaction with the Act's benefits is crucial to understanding its real-world impact on medication compliance. ...
Background. Long-term treatment and medication compliance are critical for managing conditions like hypertension, yet only 20% of cases are well-controlled, mainly due to socioeconomic factors. The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 offers a 20% discount on medications to improve compliance, but many seniors need to be made aware of these benefits. Evaluating satisfaction with the Act, specifically regarding its medication-related provisions, is essential for enhancing compliance and health outcomes among senior citizens.
Objective. This study examined the association between satisfaction with the medication provisions of the Senior Citizens Act, the frequency of senior identification card usage, and medication compliance among hypertensive patients.
Methods. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with 458 hypertensive senior citizens in Dasmariñas City, Cavite, Philippines. Senior citizens were randomly selected and completed a survey using a validated, self-developed questionnaire and the Hill-Bone High Blood Pressure (HB-HBP) compliance scale. We performed linear regression analysis to examine the association between their satisfaction and the use of senior citizens’ benefits on their medication compliance.
Results. Senior citizens were 60-88 years old (mean 69; standard deviation [SD] 5.9). Thirty-eight percent were satisfied with the Senior Citizens Act and 49% regularly used their senior citizen card. Senior citizens scored an average of 46.82 (SD 4.96) on the HB-HBP compliance scale (possible range = 14-56), indicating high compliance. Those dissatisfied with the Senior Citizens Act were less compliant with their antihypertensive medications [B (unstandardized beta) = -1.65, 95% CI (Confidence Interval) = -2.70, -0.61]. Similarly, those who rarely or never used their senior identification cards (B = -1.54, 95% CI = -2.61, -0.48) and those who used them occasionally (B = -1.43, 95% CI = -2.57, -0.29) showed lower medication compliance compared to those who used them regularly.
Conclusion. Senior citizens who are satisfied with the medication provisions of the Act and regularly use their senior identification cards exhibit higher compliance with their antihypertensive medications than those with lower satisfaction and infrequent card usage. Interventions should prioritize educational sessions to inform senior citizens about the benefits of the Senior Citizens Act, including how to use their identification cards to access medication discounts effectively.
... Laws and programs that focus on services for older Filipinos have gradually been developed over the past 40 years, although much remains to be done to ensure they are fully implemented (Chalkasra, 2014;Commission). (Human Rights Committee 2019; Salenga et al. 2016). ...
The study aimed to find out the Programs and Services offered among Senior Citizens in Selected Barangay of Datu Saudi Ampatuan Municipality. The study focused on demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and monthly income, the programs and services offered in the municipality. The description method was used in this study. This study was conducted particularly in Datu Saudi Ampatuan Municipality. In three barangays, the barangay Madia, barangay Dapiawan and barangay Elian in Datu Saudi Ampatuan Maguindanao. Datu Saudi Ampatuan, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Maguindanao, according to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,890 people.The respondents were male and female between 60-70 years old Senior Citizens from three barangays representing the barangay of Madia, Barangay Dapiawan Barangay Elian in Datu Saudi Ampatuan Maguindanao. Barangay Madia is the highest registered Senior Citizens they have 98 registered senior citizens. Weighted mean was used to analyze the data gathered on the extent of the program and services for all senior citizens. The findings of the study revealed that Majority of respondents age 60-64 years old (4.33%). Majority of the respondents were female (56.67%). Majority of respondents were elementary (46.67%). The respondents were less extensive were doing the programs and services with the mean of 2.64. The common problems encountered by the respondents was no Companion with frequency of (16), followed by physical Appearance (14), and updated medical prescriptions (13). Most of the respondents recommend that there must be provide lifetime identification card (with validation) it gained a frequency of 26, followed by abolish membership fee afrequency of (19), and Home visit of OSCA representative (9).
Republic Act (RA) 9994, otherwise known as the Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010, was enacted into law to provide more benefits to the elderly and deliver full support to their well-being (Inabangan et al., 2019). The benefits are essential as most of them no longer hold jobs, and financial stability can be challenging if not fatal. The current laws and policy provisions on food and medicine discount and the granting of a social pension to underprivileged senior citizens are only palliatives at best. However, they stretch the limited incomes of these individuals and their supporting families who live below the poverty level. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of awareness and extent of availment on the benefits under RA 9994 of senior citizens in a highly urbanized city of Negros Occidental as well as the relationship between awareness and availment. Likewise, explore the challenges encountered by senior citizens in availing their benefits under RA 9994.
The study assesses the feasibility of a universal social pension in the Philippines, exploring the rationale, potential impacts and affordability.
This study aimed to describe the prevalence of access to prescription drugs for the elderly and associated factors in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based household survey was performed in a sample of 1,469 individuals (non-response rate: 10.8%). The data were analyzed with Poisson regression, from two perspectives: access to medicines in general and access to medicines through the Unified National Health System (SUS). The results were, respectively, 95.8% (95%CI: 94.7-96.8) and 50.3% (95%CI: 47.7-52.8). Lower access to medicines was associated with functional dependence, chronic illness, and at least one medical visit in the previous three months. Access to medicines through the National Health System was associated with black or mixed race, younger age, lower schooling, lower income, more chronic diseases, lack of private health insurance, and at least one medical visit in the previous three months. The results show that the National Health System has been successful in promoting universal access to medicines in Florianópolis.
To explore the processes leading to inappropriate use of medicines for elderly patients admitted for acute care.
Qualitative study with semistructured interviews with doctors, nurses, and pharmacists; focus groups with inpatients; and observation on the ward by clinical pharmacists for one month.
Five acute wards for care of the elderly in Belgium.
5 doctors, 4 nurses, and 3 pharmacists from five acute wards for the interviews; all professionals and patients on two acute wards for the observation and 17 patients (from the same two wards) for the focus groups.
Several factors contributed to inappropriate prescribing, counselling, and transfer of information on medicines to primary care. Firstly, review of treatment was driven by acute considerations, the transfer of information on medicines from primary to secondary care was limited, and prescribing was often not tailored to elderly patients. Secondly, some doctors had a passive attitude towards learning: they thought it would take too long to find the information they needed about medicines and lacked self directed learning. Finally, a paternalistic doctor-patient relationship and difficulties in sharing decisions about treatment between prescribers led to inappropriate use of medicines. Several factors, such as the input of geriatricians and good communication between members of the multidisciplinary geriatric team, led to better use of medicines.
In this setting, improvements targeted at the abilities of individuals, better doctor-patient and doctor-doctor relationships, and systems for transferring information between care settings will increase the appropriate use of medicines in elderly people.
Ang patuloy na paglaki ng bilang ng mga matatanda ay nangangahulugan din ng paglawak ng mga kaakibat na isyu na dapat matugunan. Dahil ang mga matatanda ay mahalagang bahagi pa rin ng komunidad, ang kanilang mga pangangailangan ay dapat bigyan ng kaukulang pansin at malalim na pang-intindi. Ang pag-galang sa mga matatanda ay isa sa mga mahahalagang kaugaliang makakapagbigay ng inspirasyon sa pag-unawa ng kanilang kasalukuyang kalagayan. Ang mga isyu na hinaharap ng mga matatanda ay malawak at magkakaugnay. Bukod sa pensyon, at mga pangangailangang pinansiyal, mahalagang bagay rin sa kanila ang kalusugan at ang pagkakaroon ng tagapangalaga. Ang mga matatanda ay hindi dapat tingnan bilang pabigat sa komunidad, sa halip ay maaari pa rin silang maging kapaki-pakinabang na mamamayan kahit sa pinakasimpleng paraan. Kailangang bigyang pansin ang mga programa at patakaran ng pamahalaan na mahalagang makakatulong sa kabuhayan ng mga matatanda, kinakailangang malaman at maintindihan ng maayos ang kanilang kalagayan at mga isyung kanilang kinakaharap at ito ang magiging pangunahing layunin nitong papel. * Professor of political science at the University of the Philippines. She has held various professorial chairs, namely, the Elpidio Quirino professorial chair internations relations. the Maximo Kalaw chair on peace and the CASAA professorial chair. In 1995, she received the most outstanding teacher award in the full professor category in the university. For many years, she has been consultant at the Philippine Senate in the area of foreign policy and security and at the Local Development Foundation in the area of local government capability building. Dr. Carlos also conducts research in the areas of political tolerance, foreign policy and environmental conflict resolution models.
Introduction:
Pharmaceutical expenditure (PE) of the National Health Insurance (NHI) programme in Taiwan grew from 62.2 billion Taiwan new dollars (NT dollars) in 1996 to NT94.5 dollars billion in 2003.The government has been introducing many strategies to control PE since the inception of NHI including price adjustment based on the prices of international products or existing products (inter-brands comparison), or market price and volume survey; delegation of financial responsibility to regional bureaux; co-payment for outpatient drugs; generic grouping (the reference pricing scheme based on chemical equivalence); a global budget payment system for clinics and hospitals; and reduction in the flat daily payment rate of the drugs for clinics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these cost containment strategies on the PE of the NHI programme from 1996 to 2003.
Methods:
To take the growth and seasonal trends of monthly PE into consideration, Box and Tiao's time-series event intervention analysis based on the Box-Jenkins auto-regressive integrated moving-average model was applied to evaluate the impact of various cost containment strategies on total and subsector (outpatient, inpatient, clinic and hospital sectors) PE. Monthly data of PE of the NHI programme from 1996 to 2003 (the dependent variables) were obtained from the Bureau of the NHI. Drugs prescribed by dentists and Chinese medical doctors at outpatient departments were excluded.
Results:
After fitting the patterns of time series and controlling for the calendar effect of the Chinese New Year and the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2003, three strategies (generic grouping, delegation of financial responsibility and reduction of the flat payment rate of clinics) were significantly associated with a reduction in PE. However, the hospital global budget strategy offset partial savings from these three strategies. Cumulative savings during the study period were estimated to be NT25.442 dollars billion (US0.80 dollars billion). Of all the strategies, generic grouping was the most effective although it had less effect on the clinic subsector. Neither drug co-payment nor price adjustment based on the international or inter-brand price comparison had significant impacts on PE.
Conclusion:
Generic grouping, reduction of the flat payment rate and delegation of financial responsibility were effective in controlling PE. A global budget alone would be unable to control PE without other direct financial incentives. Neither drug co-payment nor brand-specific price adjustment based on prices of international/existing products had a significant impact on PE.
To estimate healthcare demand elasticity and evaluate the impact of deductible/co-payment policy changes for prescription drugs on the use of drugs and physician visits among seniors with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in British Columbia (BC), Canada.
According to the BC drug insurance program, prior to 2002, seniors co-paid the dispensing fee of each prescription to an annual maximum of CAN 25 and CAN 275 and CAN$ 200, respectively. Because of the endogeneity of the beneficiary price in the presence of a non-linear price schedule resulting from the cost-sharing policy, we implemented the method of instrumental variables to estimate price elasticities. The instrument was based on the price an individual would face under the new cost-sharing policy if their consumption remained at the pre-policy level.
A total of 8017 patients were included. The estimated own-price elasticity of demand for prescription drugs and the cross-price elasticity of demand for physician visits were found to be negative and positive, respectively. The implications of our findings were that when cost sharing for prescription drugs increased, the demand for prescription drugs decreased and the demand for physician visits increased.
In a predominantly publicly funded health care system, the selective introduction of market driven cost containment concepts such as patient cost-sharing might have the unintended impact of increasing overall health utilization for seniors with RA.
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