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„Cultural Heritage Through Time - 3/4D modeling the Fortress of Krakow”
Ewa Głowienka1, Beata Hejmanowska2, Sławomir Mikrut2, Krystyna Michałowska 3, Piotr Kramarczyk2
1 - Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, e-mail: eglowienka@tu.kielce.pl
2 - AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, e-mail: galia@agh.edu.pl pl
3 - University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, e-mail:k.michalowska@ur.krakow.pl
The article presents the initial results of the research carried out within the International project
„Cultural Heritage Through Time” (CHT2). The CHT2 project is concerned with the creation of
changeable
in
time
3
D
models
of
defense
objects
prepared
in
different
scales
(from
regional
level
The 4D database is designed to serve as both a forecast and an analysis of already existing
human
-
induced
changes
(such
as
war,
destruction,
air
pollution,
acid
rain)
or
natural
hazards
(
eg
Methodology
Introduction
Name of organisation Type of
organisation Type of contribution to Project Country
represented
Politecnicodi Milano
(POLIMI) academic WP1 and WP3 leader –Managem ent;
Data collection & 4D model creation Italy
Newcastle University
(NCL) academic WP5 leader -Dissemination and
exploitation UK
Salamanca University-
Higher Polytechnic School
of Avila (USAL)
academic WP2 leader -Methodology definition
–4D reconstruction & visualization Spain
Stanislaw Staszic
Scientific Association
(SSSA)
Non-profit
organization
WP4 leader -3D/4D model
publication Poland
Based on DTM and DSM, the scale of destructions of selected objects of the fortress was
determined. These destructions were the results of the demolition of these objects in the
interwar period (1920-1939) and in the 50s of the 20th century. The research was based on all
available cartographic materials, both archival (maps, maps, photographs) as well as current
maps (topographic map, orthophotomap, Local Spatial Development Plans (MPZP), Study of
Conditions and Directions of Development (SUiKZ), etc.).
Analogue format Analogue format
2D digital format2D digital format
Recent-past 3D dataRecent-past 3D data
Image-based dataImage-based data
Range-based dataRange-based data
PreprocessingPreprocessing
PreprocessingPreprocessing
PreprocessingPreprocessing
PreprocessingPreprocessing PreprocessingPreprocessing
FusionFusion
SemanticlayersSemanticlayers
2D
data
2D
data
3D
data
3D
data
4D data4D data
CHT’ AnalysisCHT’ Analysis
HistoricaldataHistorical data
Currentd igital
data
Currentd igital
data
2D digitaldata2D digitaldata
Form 2D 2DForm 2D 2D
From2D 3DFrom2D 3D
changeable
in
time
3
D
models
of
defense
objects
prepared
in
different
scales
(from
regional
level
to architectural level). Time in this case is considered as fourth dimension (4D).
The subject of the Polish team was the Fortresses of Kraków built by the Austrians between 1849
and 1914 as defensive works against the Russians. The research was aimed at identifying
architectural changes occurring at various time intervals for selected objects of the Kraków
Fortress.
Analysis used archival data (plans, maps, drowings etc.) and current data (maps, images, ALS, TLS,
UAV meauserments). Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM) were derived from
the Central Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation. In order to carry out an in-depth analysis
of the Krakow Fortress, NMT and NMPT data were obtained both in ASCII format and in the *.las
(LiDAR) source format. In addition, cartographic materials (topographic maps, ortofotomaps)
available as WMS network services (geoportal.gov.pl) were used.
human
-
induced
changes
(such
as
war,
destruction,
air
pollution,
acid
rain)
or
natural
hazards
(
eg
earthquakes, floods, etc.). The main purpose of the project is to collect data and expertise to
prepare 4D models for selected defense heritage objects and fully integrate 3D data with the
fourth dimension of time (4D). The georeferenced, metric 3D / 4D products will allow for
quantitative analysis of transformations of selected defense areas or analysis of architectural
changes of defense objects and for their proper visualization and establish rules of preservation.
Data
Results
Fig.2. Map of The Krakow Fortress from 1885 (sourc e: http://korionthetrail.pl)
Fig.5. Diagram of data processing, modelling, and integration
Fig.3. Location of selected forts that belong to Defence Perimeters I and V of the Krakow
Fortress (source; P.Opalinski)
Fig.1. Participants of the project „Cultural Heritage Through Time” ( CHT2)
Verification of archival plans and maps was made by comparing the current digital image of
existing forms of fortification with Austrian projects. Based on the comparison, the differences
between the original project and the current state were identified. Relatively, corrections or
modernization of the defensive assumptions of the fortress designers have been found.
The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the European Union Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage (JPICH), through national research authorities: Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della
Ricerca (MIUR, Italy),Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC, UK), Ministry of Economy,Industry and Competitiveness (MEC, Spain).
Fig.4. Examples of current and archival data used in the proces s of modelling objects of the Krakow Fortress Fig.7. Analysis of selected objects of the Krakow Fortress
Fig.6. Results of the 3D CAD modeling