Study of Genetic Variability for Cane Yield and its Component Traits in Early Maturing Sugarcane

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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1739-1748
1739
Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.210
Study of Genetic Variability for Cane Yield and its Component
Traits in Early Maturing Sugarcane
Relisha Ranjan* and Balwant Kumar
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, SRI, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural
University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar), India
*Corresponding author
A B S T R A C T
Introduction
Sugarcane is a highly heterozygous and
complex polyploidy in nature and this crop
has resulted in generation of genetic
variability. Sugarcane improvement involves
hybridization followed by clonal propagation.
After hybridization large number of seedlings
generated every year in which wide range of
variability existed among the seedlings for
cane and sugar yield and its component traits,
therefore genetic variability is one of the
important considerations in sugarcane crop
improvement. Variability is measure by
estimation of genotypic and phenotypic
variance (σ2g and σ 2p), genotypic and
phenotypic coefficient of variation (GCV and
PCV), heritability, genetic advance and
genetic advance as per cent of mean. These
parameters help in selection for improvement
of desired characters. Environment plays an
important role in the expression of phenotype.
The phenotypic variability which is
observable includes both genotypic (heritable)
and environmental variation (non-heritable).
Hence, variability can be observed through
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 1739-1748
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com
Sixteen early maturing sugarcane clones were planted in Randomized Block Design with
three replications during spring season 2016-17 at Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar to study the
genetic variability for cane yield and its component traits in early maturing sugarcane. The
characters studied were germination percentage at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP),
number of shoots at 120 and 240 DAP (000/ha), plant height at 150 days, 240 days (cm)
and 300 days(at harvest), cane diameter (cm), fibre per cent, single cane weight (kg),
number of millable cane (000/ha), juice quality traits viz., brix, pol and purity per cent at 8
and 10th months stage, respectively, CCS per cent at harves, cane and sugar yield
(tonne/ha) at harvest. Analysis of variance revealed that highly significant differences
among the clones for all the characters under study. Maximum range was found for the
trait plant height at 150 days followed by plant height at 240 days and cane yield. The
phenotypic coefficient of variance was greater than genotypic coefficient of variance for
all the characters under study. The characters like cane yield, sugar yield, single cane
weight, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter and germination percentage at 90
DAP showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean.
Hence, the characters namely, cane yield, sugar yield, single cane weight, number of
shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter and germination percentage at 90 DAP can be utilized
for further selection and genetic improvement of early maturing genotypes.
Ke yword s
Genetic variability,
Phenotypic
variance, Genotypic
Variance, PCV,
GCV, Genetic
advance,
Heritability, Early
maturing sugarcane.
Accepted:
17 September 2017
Available Online:
10 October 2017
Article Info

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1739-1748
1740
biometric parameters like GCV, heritability
(broad sense) and genetic advance.
Development of varieties for different
maturity group is of paramount importance in
sugarcane cultivation to realize higher
recoveries in sugar mills. Crushing early
varieties at the start of season would increase
the sugar recovery. Genetic variability for
cane in the sub-tropical sugarcane gene pool
has been found high which can be utilized for
developing commercial varieties with high
yield and sugar recovery. A clear cut
understanding of variability of qualitative and
quantitative characters of the breeding
material is essential for breeder. Since the
breeder is concerned with selection of
superior genotypes for which the most
suitable individuals from their phenotypic
expression. Estimates of genotypic and
phenotypic variance for various quantitative
characters and their heritability are necessary.
Estimates of heritability and genetic advance
expected by selection for yield via its
components are useful in designing an
effective breeding programme. Selection for
yield could be made more efficiently and
effectively on the basis of components traits.
The pivotal of any breeding programme is the
variation present in a gene pool along with
flow of heritability.
The variability can be statistically
differentiated into heritable variation and non-
heritable variation. It is the heritable variation
which is selected for high productivity.
Heritability provides the information
regarding the proportion of total variation in a
progeny which is transmissible from
generation to generation. Genetic advance
provides information on expected genetic gain
resulting from selection of superior
individuals and idea of the amount of
reduction of environmental effects for
comparing the range of variability present in a
population with respect to yield.
Materials and Methods
The material of this investigation comprises
of 16 promising early maturing sugarcane
clones viz, CoP 11436, CoP 11437, CoP
11438, CoSe 11451,CoLk 12207, CoLk
12208, CoP 12436, CoP 12437, CoSe 12451,
CoP 14436,CoP 14437, CoP 15436, CoP
15437, BO 130, BO 153 (C) and CoSe 95422
(C). All the 16 early maturing sugarcane
clones including two checks viz., BO 153 and
CoSe 95422 were planted in Randomized
Block Design with three replications during
spring season 2016-17 at Dr. RPCAU, Pusa,
Bihar followed all the recommended package
and practices for raising sugarcane good crop.
Three buded setts of all the clones were
planted under field condition along with
checks and from each replication each variety
was planted in a plot of 4 rows of 3 meters
length each with a spacing of 0.75 meter
between rows.
Follow Patel and Patel (2014) for sugarcane
sett size, seed rate and sett treatment.
Observation were recorded by selecting five
random plants per genotype per replication
for component traits of cane yield and juice
quality characters viz., germination
percentage at 45 and 90 days after planting
(DAP), number of shoots at 120 and 240 DAP
(000/ha), plant height at 150 days, at 240 days
(cm) and at harvest, cane diameter at harvest
(cm), fibre per cent at harvest, single cane
weight (kg), number of millable cane at
harvest (000/ha), juice quality traits viz., brix,
pol and purity per cent at 8 and 10th months
stage, respectively, CCS per cent at harves,
cane and sugar yield (t/ha) at harvest.
Statistical analysis
In order to assess and quantify the genetic
variability among the genotypes for the
characters under study, Estimation of variance
components viz., phenotypic variances (2p)

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and genotypic variances (2g) were estimated
using the following formula as suggested by
Panse and Sukhatme (1967).
2g =
reσpes)MSS(genoty 2

2p = 2g + 2e [When Cov. G x E=0]
Where,
2e = Environmental variance i.e. error
variance = MSS (error) and r = Number of
replication
Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of
variation present in the cane yield and yield
contributing characters were computed as per
the method suggested by Burton and Devane
(1953).
Genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV)
GCV =
100
x
gσ2

Where,
2g = Genotypic variance and
X
=
Population mean
Phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV)
PCV =
100
x
pσ2

Where, 2p = Phenotypic variance and
X
=
Population mean
GCV and PCV values were categorized as
low (0-10 %), moderate (10-20%) and
high(20% and above)
Heritability (Broad sense) in broad sense was
estimated as the ratio of genotypic to the
phenotypic variance and was expressed in
percentage. It was calculated by the formula
given by Johanson et al., (1955a).
h2 (Broad sense heritability) =
100
pσ
gσ
2
2

Where,
2g = Genotypic variance, 2p = Phenotypic
variance and h2 = Heritability (broad sense
heritability)
The heritability was categorized as low,
moderate and high as given by Robinson et
al., (1949).0-30%: Low, 30-60%: Moderate
and 60% and above: High.
Genetic advance was estimated by using the
formula suggested by Lush (1949) and
followed by Johnson et al., (1955a) and
Allard (1960).
Genetic advance (G.A) = K.  p. h2
Where, K=Selection differential which is 2.06
at 5 % selection intensity in large sample
from normally distributed population,
Phenotypic standard deviation and h2 =
Heritability in broad sense
Genetic advance as percentage of mean was
calculated by following formula:
GA (as per cent of mean) =
100
x
GA
Where,
GA = Genetic advance and
X
= Mean of the
character
Genetic advance as per cent mean was
categorized as low, moderate and high as
given by Johnson et al., (1955a).It is as
follows.

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 1739-1748
1742
0-10%: Low
10-20%: Moderate
20% and above: High
All the statistical analyzed data are being
presented in Tables 1, 2 and 3. Observed data
are also presented in Graph 1, which showed
Estimate of ECV, GCV, PCV, h² and GAM of
characters in early maturing Sugarcane
clones.
Results and Discussion
Variability among the early maturing
sugarcane clones is the present need of
sugarcane improvement programme. The
analysis of variance as per overview given in
Table 1 clearly indicated that highly
significant differences were found among the
clones for all the characters under studied.
Similar results were also reported by earlier
workers Ebid, et al., (2015), Hiremath and
Nagaraja (2016), Tena et al., (2016), Agrawal
and Kumar (2017) and Kumar et al., (2017), it
means there wwer sufficient variability
existed in the early maturing sugarcane for
cane and sugar yield. Therefore wide range
for such traits viz., cane and sugar yield favor
towards selection of high cane yield as well as
high sugar containing clones. In present
investigation it was found that phenotypic
variation for all the characters under study
were higher than the genotypic variances.
This may be due to the non-genetic factor
which played an importance role in the
manifestation of these characters. This result
was in accordance with the findings of Doule
and Balasundaram (2002) for brix and sucrose
juice percentage, purity coefficient,
commercial cane sugar, pol per cent cane and
CCS per plot. Wide range of phenotypic and
genotypic variance were observed for cane
height at harvest followed by plant height at
240 DAP and purity per cent during 10 month
stage from the perusal of Table 2. The
assessment of heritable and non-heritable
component in the total variability observed is
indispensable in adopting suitable breeding
procedure. The heritable portion of the overall
observed variation can be ascertained by
studying the component of variation such as
GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance
as per cent of mean. The high phenotypic
coefficient of variance was observed for sugar
yield followed by germination per cent at 90
DAP, cane yield and single cane weight from
the perusal of Table 3. However, high
genotypic coefficient of variation was
observed for germination per cent at 90 DAP
followed by sugar yield, single cane weight,
these results are in agreement with Dilnesaw
et al., (2016), Swamy Gowda et al., (2016),
Bairwa et al., (2017) and Mehareb and
Abazid (2017). Study of per se performance
of individual genotypic suggests the
importance of the materials under study and it
becomes first hand information for the
breeders. The mean of different quantitative
character including sugar yield and cane yield
as performed by the available clones
suggested that selection of desirable clone
based on the characters from material
evaluated, cane be effective. Heritability
estimates are useful in deciding the character
to be considered while making selection, but
selection based on this factor alone may limit
the progress, as it is prone for change with
environment, material etc. (Johanson et al.,
1955). In other words, estimate of heritability
have a role to play in determining the
effectiveness of selection for a character,
provided they are considered in conjugation
with the genetic advance as per cent of mean
as suggested by Panse (1942) and Johanson et
al., (1955). In this study, heritability for the
characters namely germination percentage at
90 DAP, singe cane weight, number of shoots
at 120 DAP, brix per cent during 8 month
stage, pol per cent during 8 month stage, cane
diameter, plant height at harvest, cane yield
and plant height at 150 days found to be high
in sugarcane from the perusal of Table 3. So,

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1743
these characters may be used as selection
criteria in sugarcane for further improvement
of clones. These finding were in confirmation
with the results of earlier workers namely
Chaudhary (2001) for stalk diameter and
single cane weight, Kumar et al., (2004) for
single cane weight, stalk girth and stalk
height, Thippeswamy et al., (2001) for
germination percentage and cane yield,
Jamoza et al., (2014) for stalk diameter and
stalk weight and Dilnesaw et al., (2016) for
cane yield. High genetic advance was
observed for the characters viz., germination
percentage at 90 DAP, number of shoots at
120 DAP, Cane diameter at harvest, single
cane weight, cane yield and sugar yield.
Similar results were also reported by earlier
workers Mali et al., (2010) for number of
tillers and single cane weight, Ebid et al., for
stalk weight, Sanghera et al., (2015) for stalk
length and number of shoots. The coefficient
of variance indicated the extent of variability
present in the character and does not indicate
the heritable portion. This could be
ascertained from the heritability estimates
which in broad sense include both additive
and non-additive gene effects and in narrow
sense include the portion of heritable
variation which is due to addititive
component (Lush, 1949). Assessing merits
and demerits of particular characters as it
enables plant breeders to decide the course of
selection procedures are followed under a
given situation. Hence, direct selection can be
done through these characters for future
improvement of clones for higher cane and
sugar yield in early maturing sugarcane
clones.
Table.1 Analysis of variance for twenty characters in early maturing sugarcane clones
S. N.
Characters
Mean sum of Square
F-Value
Treatment
(d.f= 15)
Error
(d.f= 30)
1.
Germination percentage at 45 DAP
40.12**
8.36
4.80
2.
Germination percentage at 90 DAP
220.75**
16.72
13.19
3.
Number of shoots at 120 DAP (000/ha)
482.73**
40.07
12.04
4.
Number of shoots at 240 DAP (000/ha)
313.91**
68.70
5.56
5.
Plant height at 150 days (cm)
321.22**
53.76
5.97
6.
Plant height at 240 days (cm)
951.58**
194.23
4.89
7.
Plant height at harvest (cm)
3007.51**
344.63
8.72
8.
Cane diameter at harvest (cm)
0.34**
0.03
9.89
9.
Fibre per cent at harvest
0.76**
0.27
2.78
10.
Single cane weight (kg)
0.04**
0.003
13.20
11.
Number of millable cane at harvest (000/ha)
206.63**
61.94
3.33
12.
Brix per cent during 8 month stage
3.61**
0.35
10.30
13.
Pol per cent during 8 month stage
2.84**
0.28
10.16
14.
Purity per cent during 8 month stage
1.37**
0.25
5.37
15.
Brix per cent during 10 month stage
1.05**
0.21
4.95
16.
Pol per cent during 10 month stage
0.53**
0.12
4.33
17.
Purity per cent during 10 month stage
2.05**
0.57
3.60
18.
Cane yield (tonne/ha)
512.19**
73.16
7.00
19.
CCS per cent at harvest
0.21**
0.05
4.01
20.
Sugar yield (tonne/ha)
8.93**
1.43
6.25

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Table.2 Range, mean, genotypic and phenotypic variance of the characters in early maturing sugarcane clones
S. N.
Characters
Range
Mean
σg2
σp2
1
Germination percentage at 45 DAP
27.10 - 39.10
32.12
10.58
18.94
2
Germination percentage at 90 DAP
44.55 - 75.11
56.80
68.01
84.73
3
Number of shoots at 120 DAP (000/ha)
82.24-124.33
104.96
147.55
187.62
4
Number of shoots at 240 DAP (000/ha)
108.67-145.02
130.56
81.15
150.44
5
Plant height at 150 days (cm)
80.12-121.21
97.48
89.73
142.91
6
Plant height at 240 days (cm)
152.00-203.41
179.11
252.62
446.63
7
Plant height at harvest (cm)
178.67-309.00
271.03
887.62
1232.26
8
Cane diameter at harvest (cm)
2.23-3.18
2.72
0.10
0.13
9
Fibre per cent at harvest
12.75-14.72
13.37
0.16
0.43
10
Single cane weight (kg)
0.71-1.19
0.86
0.012
0.015
11
Number of millable cane at harvest (000/ha)
98.57-122.60
108.96
48.23
110.17
12
Brix per cent during 8 month stage
16.34-20.27
18.13
1.08
1.43
13
Pol per cent during 8 month stage
14.01-17.55
15.79
0.85
1.13
14
Purity per cent during 8 month stage
85.80-88.67
87.12
0.37
0.62
15
Brix per cent during 10 month stage
19.97-21.93
20.79
0.27
0.49
16
Pol per cent during 10 months stage
17.51-18.95
18.21
0.13
0.25
17
Purity per cent during 10 months stage
86.30-89.13
87.64
0.49
1.06
18
Cane yield (tonne/ha)
71.83-119.68
93.17
147.34
219.50
19
CCS per cent at harvest
12.02-12.96
12.54
0.05
0.10
20
Sugar yield (tonne/ha)
8.91-15.12
11.70
2.50
3.92
(σg2) Genotypic variance, (σp2) Phenotypic variance

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Table.3 Estimate of GCV, PCV, h², GA and GAM of characters in early maturing Sugarcane clones
S. N.
Characters
GCV
PCV
h²
GA 5%
GAM 5%
1
Germination percentage at 45 DAP
10.13
13.55
55.9
5.01
15.60
2
Germination percentage at 90 DAP
14.52
16.20
80.3
15.22
26.79
3
Number of shoots at 120 DAP(000/ha)
11.57
13.05
78.6
22.19
21.14
4
Number of shoots at 240 DAP (000/ha)
6.92
9.39
54.3
13.72
10.51
5
Plant height at 150 days (cm)
9.67
12.26
62.4
15.36
15.76
6
Plant height at 240 days (cm)
8.87
11.80
56.5
24.60
13.74
7
Plant height at harvest (cm)
10.99
12.95
72.0
52.09
19.22
8
Cane diameter at harvest (cm)
11.70
13.53
74.8
0.56
20.85
9
Fibre per cent at harvest
3.01
4.9
37.3
0.51
3.78
10
Single cane weight (kg)
13.12
14.64
80.3
0.21
24.22
11
Number of millable cane at harvest (000/ha)
6.37
9.63
43.8
9.47
8.67
12
Brix per cent during 8 month stage
5.75
6.62
75.6
1.87
10.31
13
Pol per cent during 8 month stage
5.85
6.78
75.3
1.65
10.46
14
Purity per cent during 8 month stage
0.69
0.91
59.3
0.97
1.11
15
Brix per cent during 10 month stage
2.54
3.37
56.9
0.82
3.94
16
Pol per cent during 10 month stage
2.02
2.78
52.6
0.55
3.01
17
Purity per cent during 10 month stage
0.80
1.17
46.5
0.97
1.12
18
Cane yield (tonne/ha)
12.98
15.90
66.7
20.35
21.84
19
CCS per cent at harvest
1.82
2.57
50.1
0.33
2.61
20
Sugar yield (tonne/ha)
13.51
16.93
63.7
2.60
22.61
Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV), Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV), Heritability (h²), Genetic Advance (GA) and Genetic Advance as per cent
of Mean (GAM)

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Graph.1 Estimate of ECV, GCV, PCV, h² and GAM of characters in early maturing Sugarcane clones

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1747
In order to make selection more effective, six
characters were used in present investigation
viz. selection based on per se performance of
characters namely, cane yield, sugar yield,
single cane weight, cane diameter,
germination percentage at 90 DAP, number of
shoots at 120 DAP as these characters showed
high heritability coupled with genetic advance
as per of mean. Therefore, instead of 20 traits
only six traits cane be observed for further
improvement in early maturing sugarcane
clones.
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How to cite this article:
Relisha Ranjan and Balwant Kumar. 2017. Study of Genetic Variability for Cane Yield and its
Component Traits in Early Maturing Sugarcane. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 6(10): 1739-
1748. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.210