Effect of Ageing Time on Adhesive Wear of AL Alloy AA6061-T6

Abstract

In this study the effect of artificial aging time on adhesive wear of AA(6061-T6) aluminum alloy was investigated for the specimens groups (A , B , C and D)which manufactured in the dimensions of (20*10)mm according to ASTM, heat treatment was implemented to specimens groups(B , C and D) which include solution zing at temperature of 500 0 C for (1 hour) then quenching in water and artificial aging for (1,3,5 ,hr.) at 180P 0 P C The resulting phases after each heat treatment was tested by x-ray diffraction and microstructure was also examined to understand the nature of structure then hardness test was implemented Adhesive wear test have been conducted on aluminum alloy AA 6061 T6 at variable (time ,loads, and sliding speed) using pin on disc method. The results showed that increasing of aging time increases hardness then decreasing wear rate. Keyword: Artificial ageing, adhesive wear, aluminum alloy 6061-T6 ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﯾﮭﺪف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺒﯿﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺘﯿﻖ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ AA 6061-T6 ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ (20*10) mm ‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ASTM ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ (A,B ,C ,D) ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ 500 ‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺴﺨﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺟﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ 180 ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ (1,3,5) ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﺟﺮي‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻻطﻮار‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ , ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﺟﺮي‬ Vickers ‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺣﻤﻞ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﺟﺮي‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ pin on disc ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻼدة‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺘﯿﻖ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺰداد‬ ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻗﻲ‬

Full text

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
Effect of Ageing Time on Adhesive Wear of AL Alloy AA6061-T6
Malik Niama Hawas
Technical Collage Al-Musaib
Abstract
In this study the effect of artificial aging time on adhesive wear of AA(6061-T6) aluminum
alloy was investigated for the specimens groups (A , B , C and D)which manufactured in the
dimensions of ( 20*10)mm according to ASTM, heat treatment was implemented to specimens
groups( B , C and D) which include solution zing at temperature of 5000 C for (1 hour) then
quenching in water and artificial aging for (1,3,5 ,hr.) at 180P
0
PC The resulting phases after each
heat treatment was tested by x –ray diffraction and microstructure was also examined to
understand the nature of structure then hardness test was implemented
Adhesive wear test have been conducted on aluminum alloy AA 6061 T6 at variable (time
,loads, and sliding speed ) using pin on disc method. The results showed that increasing of aging
time increases hardness then decreasing wear rate.
Keyword: Artificial ageing, adhesive wear, aluminum alloy 6061 – T6
ﺔﺻﻼﺨﻟا
ﺚﺤﺒﻟا فﺪﮭﯾ مﻮﯿﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻜﯿﺒﺴﻟ ﻲﻗﺎﺼﺘﻟﻻا ﻰﻠﺒﻟا ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟا ﻖﯿﺘﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣز ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺔﺳارد ﻰﻟاAA 6061- T6 ﻢﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ
دﺎﻌﺑﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﺔﯿﻧاﻮﻄﺳا تﺎﻨﯿﻋ ﻊﯿﻨﺼﺗ(20*10) mm ﺔﯿﺳﺎﯿﻘﻟا ﺔﻔﺻاﻮﻤﻟا ﻖﻓوASTM ﻊﯿﻣﺎﺠﻣ ﻰﻟا ﺎﮭﻔﯿﻨﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ ﻢﺛ( A,B ,C ,D) ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟرد ﻰﻟا نﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﻦﯿﺨﺴﺗ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ ﺚﯿﺣ ﻊﯿﻣﺎﺠﻤﻟا هﺬھ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾراﺮﺣ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻣ ﺖﯾﺮﺟا ﺎھﺪﻌﺑ500 ﺔﯾﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد
ﻰﻟا ﺎﮭﻨﯿﺨﺴﺘﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻨﺻ ﻖﯿﺘﻌﺗ ﺔﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﯾﺮﺟا ﺎھﺪﻌﺑ ءﺎﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﯾﺮﺴﻟا ﺪﯾﺮﺒﺘﻟا ﻢﺛ ﺔﻋﺎﺳ ةﺪﻤﻟ180 تاﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﺔﯾﻮﺌﻣ ﺔﺟرد(1,3,5) ﺔﻋﺎﺳ
ﺔﯿﻨﯿﺴﻟا ﺔﻌﺷﻻا دﻮﯿﺣ رﺎﺒﺘﺧا يﺮﺟا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو تﺎﻨﯿﻌﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻟ يﺮﮭﺠﻤﻟا ﺐﯿﻛﺮﺘﻟا ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﯾﺮﮭﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﯿﻨﺒﻟا ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻢﺗ ﻢﺛ ﻲﻟاﻮﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﯾراﺮﺤﻟا تﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺒﺳﺮﺘﻤﻟا راﻮطﻻا ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ, ﺔﻘﯾﺮﻄﺑ ةدﻼﺼﻟا رﺎﺒﺘﺧا يﺮﺟاVickers ﻋ تﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ نﺎﯿﺒﻟ ﻰﻠ
ﻞﻤﺣو ﻦﻣز ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻗﺎﺼﺘﻟﻻا ﻰﻠﺒﻟا رﺎﺒﺘﺧا يﺮﺟا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ةدﻼﺼﻟا ﺔﻘﯾﺮط ماﺪﺨﺘﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﯿﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺔﻋﺮﺳو pin on disc ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ
ﻲﻗﺎﺼﺘﻟﻻا ﻰﻠﺒﻟا ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﯾراﺮﺤﻟا تﻼﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﺒﻟا ﺔﻣوﺎﻘﻣو ةدﻼﺼﻟا نا ﺪﺟو ﺎﮭﯿﻠﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻟا ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﻦﻣو
ﻖﯿﺘﻌﺘﻟا ﻦﻣز ةدﺎﯾﺰﺑ دادﺰﺗ ﻲﻗﺎﺼﺘﻟﻻا
Introduction
The AA 6xxx-group contains magnesium and silicon as major addition elements. These
multiphase alloys belong to the group of commercial aluminum alloys, in which relative volume,
chemical composition and morphology of structural constituents exert significant influence on their
useful properties [1].
The aluminum alloys of 6xxx group have been studied extensively because of their
technological importance and exceptional increase in strength obtained by precipitation hardening.
The 6xxx aluminum alloys are mostly used as extruded products, as well as for construction and
automotive application. The precipitation of metastable precursors of the equilibrium Mg2Si
partical for 6061 has occurs in one or more sequences which are quite complex. Their extradubility
depends to a large extent on chemical composition, casting condition and heat treatment parameters
(eg. homogenization treatment) which determine the microstructure that means the properties of
various aluminum alloys can be altered by specific designated heat treatment. The heat treatment
process can be classified into two processes; including solution heat treatment and artificial aging.
Solution treatment consists of heating the alloy to a temperature between 2600C and 5300C and
water quench to room temperature and artificial ageing "age hardening" or just "hardening” is
carried out at temperatures up to approximately 200P
0
PC (for 6000 alloys generally between 160 P
0
PC
and 200P
0
PC) [2] [3]. G. Mrówka-Nowotnik [1] studied the effect of the precipitation hardening on
the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061, 6063 and 6082 aluminum alloys, The results
show that the microstructure and mechanical properties changes during artificial aging due to the
precipitation strengthening process. Some aluminum alloys can be solution treated to increase their
145

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
strength and hardness which effect on wear resistance that classified to many types such as,
adhesive wear which occurs when two surfaces are moving relatively one over the other, and this
relative movement is in one direction or a successive movement under the effect of the load so that
the pressure on the adjacent projections is big enough to make plastic deformation and adhesion.
This adhesion will be at a high grade of efficiency and capability in relative to the clean surfaces,
and the area will be increased during movement [4] at the end there will be some relative wear in
the superficial tissues in the weak points of the noticeable places. Many studies investigated the
adhesive wear Khairia Salman Hassan [5] studied the wear rate for different materials (Steel,
Aluminum and brass) under the effect of sliding speed, time and different loads, where the
apparatus pin on disc has been used to study the specification of the adhesion wear the results will
show that the rate of adhesion wear will be direct proportional with (time, sliding speed and load) ,
and the low carbon steel has less wear rate than the other materials. C. L. Xu [6] study, Al–Si alloys
with Si contents of 23, 26, 28 and 31 wt.%, respectively on abrasive wear ,they found that The
silicon content in the range of 23–31 wt.% has significant effect on the wear rates of the same
processed Al–Si alloys (modification and heat treatment). Under the same load, the wear rates of
the same processed Al–Si alloys decrease with the increasing silicon content
In this study the effect of ageing time on adhesive wear resistance were investigated for
Aluminum alloy AA 6061T6 to determine the least wear rate
Experimental work
The experimental procedure was as follows
1- Metal Selection
Aluminum alloy AA 6061 T6 was selected Its chemical analysis is indicated in Table (1)
which was conducted by ARL Spectrometer in the specialized institution of engineering industries
of Industry ministry.
Table (1) Chemical Analysis of the used metal AA 6061- T6
Elements
w%
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
Cr
Zn
Al
Nominal
value
0.4-0.8
Max 0.7
0.15-0.4
Max 0.15
0.8-1.2
0.04-0.35
Max 0.25
Rem.
Actual
value
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.12
1.0
0.2
0.18
Rem.
2- Preparation of Specimens
Cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were fabricated with dimensions (10x20mm)
according to ASTM specifications for the metal used.
3- Categorization of Specimens
After completing the specimen, they were categorized to groups as shown in Table (2).
Table (2) Categorization of test specimens
Specimen sample
Condition of specimen
A
As received
B
Solution heat treatment at 500 0C and artificial
aging for 1hr at 180
P
0
P
C
C
Solution heat treatment at 5000C and -artificial
aging for 3hr at 180
P
0
P
C.
D
Solution heat treatment at 5000C and artificial
aging for 5hr at 180
0
C
146

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
4- Heat Treatment
Solution heat treatment at 5000C and water quenched was applied on all specimens groups in
Table (2) except (A) and artificial aging was applied on them in the same table by preheating the
Specimens to 180P
0
PC for (1,3,5) hr respectively and cooling in the air.
5-Microstructure
For microstructure test the specimens were prepared as shown below:-
1- The specimens are treated with emery papers grad (220, 320, 500, 800, 1000, 1200).
2-Polishing by gloss cloth with auxiliary glossing of Al2O3.
3- Etching for the structure by use consisting of 95 ml distill water, 2.5 ml HNO3, 1.5 ml HCl and
1 ml HF then washed after that with distill water
4- Photographing the microstructure by programmed microscope type advanced polarizing Dark –
Field metallurgical microscope MTJ Corporation, the photographs of the microstructure of
specimen's shows in Fig (1).
6- X-Ray Diffraction
X-ray diffraction for specimens group (A ,B, C & D) results are shown in Table (3) and phase
analysis graph are shown in Fig.(2)
Table (3) Results of X – ray diffraction
Specimen symbol
Phase
A
Al
B
MgSi
C
Mg2Si + MgSi
D
Mg7Si5+ Mg2Si+ MgSi
7-Hardness test
Hardness test was implemented on all specimens in table (2) by using Vickers hardness method.
The result are shown in table (4) by using the below equation
Hv = 1.854 

Were (p) is the applied load in kg
() Indicator diameter (Square Millimeters).
Table (4) hardness results for all specimens in table2
Specimen symbol
Hardness (Hv) Kg/mm2
A
87
B
102
C
107
D
110
147

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
8- Adhesive wear test
Adhesive wear test was implemented for all specimens in Table 2 by using pin on disc method
as shown in Fig.(3) including, fixing the specimen by the bearer in vertical position on steel disc
having hardness of 54 HRC and rotated at940 r.p.m ,then Specify the variables which we want to
know its effect on the wear rate like( time, load, sliding speed) .each parameter include a series of
variables when the stage finished we fixed one parameter and change others ,we weigh the
specimen before and after test.
The wear rate is calculated from the following equation
Wr=∆W/2πrnt
Where
Wr is wear rate in gm/cm
2πr is the sliding distance (cm)
t is the time n is number of revolution
∆w= w1-w2 and n=940 (r.p.m)
The test results are shown in Fig (4),(5),(6)
Results and Discussion
The optical micrograph of base alloy of Al 6061T6 ((Al- Mg- Si) is indicated in Figure.
(1).The microstructure consists of α-Al grains and fine particles of phase Mg2Si distributed
uniformly in the matrix alloy of (Al –Mg-Si) and that is appears in Fig.(2)which represent the
phases analysis of the alloy before and after heat treatment we see that when increasing ageing time
many phases precipitate resulting an increasing in hardness which its results shown in Tab.(3). Fig
(4,5&6).shows the relationship between wear rate and its parameters (Time, Load, sliding speed)
wear rate increased when time, load, sliding speed increased and this was clear in all specimens
group A, B,C and D in all figs .and wear rate decrease at the same parameters after heat treatment
because heat treatment allowed for phases to precipitate and aging time have the main effect for
this precipitate , Since wear resistance depend on hardness then when hardness as shown in Tab.(4)
increase after heat treatment the wear resistance will increased. Fig.(4) which represent the
relationship between time and wear rate show that specimen (A) gives the high wear rate while
specimen (D) gives the lowest for the reason mentioned before. Fig.(5) shows the effect of second
parameter (load) and wear rate it caused an increasing in the plastic deformation in surface tips
peaks between two sliding surfaces, the adhesive process of the two tips surfaces depends on
applied load, if the load is low the contact appears in upper bit and this was very thin during sliding
process that causes a thin layer from oxide works as a protective surface film which limits the
touching between the two sliding surfaces and prevent the direct metallic connection between the
surfaces tips thus the required force to cut the occurred connection between the two surfaces tips
less than the force between the metal atoms itself and that will cause a decrease in wear rate [7][8].
On the other hand an increasing in applied load will break the oxide film because of its brittleness
for its shoots out the friction sliding surfaces for both the discs and specimen during the sliding
process which causes a strong metal contact between them make the required force to shear its
contact tips more than the force between the metal atoms itself. Also because of the effect of heat
treatment contributed to increase hardness this is obvious in specimen (A) to (D) respectively. The
third parameter (sliding speed) observed in Fig. (6) shows the same result in Fig. (4 & 5) for the
same reasons which discussed before. These results for all parameters are in agreement with
researchers in [6]
Conclusions
1-Heat treatment improve wear resistance and artificial ageing time increased the elements
precipitation which effected on hardness that gives the wear resistance improvement
2- All the three parameters (time, load, sliding speed) gives the increasing in wear resistance as
increasing its values .
3-Artificial ageing time at 5 hours gives the best value of wear resistance at all parameters
148

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
References
[1] G. Mrówka-Nowotnik," Influence of chemical composition variation and heat treatment on
microstructure and mechanical properties of 6xxx alloys", International Scientific Journal,
Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 98-107 December 2010.
[2] N. R. Prabh swamy, C S Ramesh and T CHandrashekar, “effect of heat treatment on strength
and abrasive wear behavior of AL6061- SiCP composites “,Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 33, No. 1,
February 2010, pp. 49–54. © Indian Academy of Sciences.
[3] Chee Fai Tan , and Mohamad R. Said , "Effect of Hardness Test on Precipitation Hardening
Aluminum Alloy 6061 – T6"Journal of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , University
Technical Malaysia Melaka ‘’Volume 36,Issue 3,Pp.276-286,2009.
[4] Halil Demir, Süleyman Gündüz, "The effects of aging on machinability of 6061 aluminium
alloy",Materials and Design J.,v. 30 ,pp.1480–1483, (2009)
[5] Hani Aziz Ameen, Khairia Salman Hassan and Ethar Mohamed Mhdi Mubarak,”Effect of loads,
sliding speeds and times on the wear ratefor different materials", American journal of scientific
and industrial research, science huβ, http://www.scihub.org/ajsir
vol. 2 No.1, 2011
[6] C. L. Xu. Y. F. Yang . H. Y. Wang . Q. C. Jiang ," Effects of modification and heat-treatment on
the abrasive wear behavior of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys", J Mater Sci 42:6331–6338(2007)
[7] The effect of liquid nit riding and liquid carburizing on wear resistance for low carbon
steel 1020E Engineering and technology Journal, vol. 29 No.5, 2011
[8] Eyre T.S. “Wear characteristic of Metals”, Tribology International (203-212), 1976
[9] R. Ehsani and S.M. SeyedReihani, “Aging Behavior and Tensile Properties of Squeeze Cast Al
6061/SiC metal matrix composites”,Scientia Iranical. ,Vol. 11, No.4 Pp 392-397 (2004).
Fig. (1) Microstructure of specimens
Mg
2
Si
100µm
C
A
B
D
100µm
100µm
100µm
149

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
Al
MgSi
MgSi
Al
Al
Al
Al
Mg2Si
Sample (B)
Sample (C)
150

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
Fig.(2 ) Phase Analysis Graph
Fig(3) Apparatuses of adhesive wear
Fig.(4) the effect of time on wear rate at load 1.5 kg and sliding speed 7 m/sec
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
A
B
C
D
Al
Al
Al
Al
Mg2Si
Wear rate gm./cm*10^-8
Time (min)
Sample (D)
Mg
7
Si
5
MgSi
151

Journal of Kerbala University , Vol. 11 No.4 Scientific . 2013
Load (kg)
Fig.(5) the effect of load on wear rate at time 10 min and sliding speed 7m/sec
Fig.(6 ) the effect of sliding speed on wear rate at time 10 min and load 1.5 kg
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
02468
Wear rate gm/cm *10^-7
sliding speed m/sec
Wear rate gm./cm*10^-8
152