A Culture of Care for All: Envisioning the LA Model

Full text

ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
A CULTURE OF
CARE FOR ALL
Hailly T.N. Korman, Bellwether Education Partners
Carly B. Dierkhising, California State University, Los Angeles

Who We Are ...
The Children’s Defense Fund’s Leave No Child Behind® mission is to ensure
every child a Healthy Start, a Head Start, a Fair Start, a Safe Start and a Moral
Start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families
and communities. CDF provides a strong, effective and independent voice for all
the children of America who cannot vote, lobby or speak for themselves. We pay
particular attention to the needs of poor children, children of color and those with
disabilities.
The Children’s Defense Fund - California (CDF-CA) is a state office of the Children’s
Defense Fund. CDF-CA champions policies and programs that lift children out of
poverty, ensure all children have access to health coverage and care and a quality
education, and invest in our justice-involved youth.
Bellwether Education Partners is a nonprofit dedicated to helping education
organizations in the public, private, and nonprofit sectors become more effective in
their work and achieve dramatic results, especially for high-need students.
Cal State LA has one of the most diverse student populations of any college or
university in the nation. Building on the strengths of this rich diversity, our University
prepares students for success in advanced studies, in their careers, and throughout
their lives. California State University, Los Angeles graduates constitute major
leadership force in Greater Los Angeles, a microcosm of the global society.
Copyright © 2016 Children’s Defense Fund - California, Bellwether Education Partners, Trustees of the
California State University
Cover art: Bernards (www.bernards.com)
Design by: Children’s Defense Fund - California
Recommended Citation: Korman, H. & Dierkhising, C. B. (2016). A Culture of Care for All: Envisioning the
LA Model. Children’s Defense Fund: Los Angeles, CA

ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL
Prepared by:
Hailly T.N. Korman (Bellwether Education Partners)
Carly B. Dierkhising (California State University, Los Angeles)
Additional contributions made by subcommittee members and chairs, guidance team
members, consultants, and other stakeholders.
Policy Report | January 2017

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
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Introduction
The juvenile justice system in Los Angeles County has been broken for too long. The outdated, institutional, and
sometimes harmful camps that house youth labeled “delinquent” have been just one glaring example. But beyond the
system, reform efforts themselves have suffered at times – whether from mistrust, or too often happening in a vacuum
or behind closed doors. As a result, communities impacted by the system and advocates alike have felt frustrated by
treatment proven to be ineffective and even damaging, as well as by failures to meaningfully include the voices of many
stakeholders. The Probation Department and other agencies have expressed their own wariness of outsiders who may not
fully understand their day-to-day challenges. An us-versus-them mentality can persist to the detriment of youth within the
system.
The Campus Kilpatrick project has offered a vehicle to bring LA’s juvenile justice system into the 21st century. Just as
important as the ultimate outcome – a new facility focused on therapeutic, holistic, small-group treatment – has been the
process of getting there. The project reflects an attempt to change the way stakeholders and system leaders work together
for change; towards this end, Children Defense Fund-California led a process in late 2014 to form subcommittees,
each co-chaired by a county and non-county representative and composed of representatives from county agencies and
the Board of Supervisors, advocates, researchers, funders, youth and family. These subcommittees were tasked with
developing recommendations for probation’s programming, staffing and training, and education and data collection. They
developed joint vision and mission statements and guidelines for working together respectfully. And ultimately, they set
out together to learn about and propose best practices to be implemented in LA.
Importantly, CDF-CA undertook this project with a clear understanding that incarceration -- which is still what this
facility does -- has never been shown to increase public safety, but has been correlated with higher rates of recidivism
and trauma. We maintain that incarceration must always be a last resort, not a first impulse; it must always be for the
shortest duration possible. And while we revamp the way youth are treated in facilities with more dignity and respect,
we must at every moment revisit whom and for what reasons we are removing youth from their homes, and keep youth
out of locked facilities wherever possible. We must continue to scale back incarceration, and rightsize a system we spent
billions to build over decades by seriously considering closing expensive facilities that are now half-empty.
Transformations don’t happen over night. Just as the new camp – both the facility and what it represents – is taking
years to develop, building trust is also a lengthy process in need of ongoing attention and commitment. In part, this
process has served to remind the County that stakeholders and community are key partners, not foes, in change, and vice
versa. As efforts continue to implement this project and shift the whole culture and approach of the largest probation
department in the country, shared ownership over what happens to youth in the County’s care must continue too. The
potential is vast. We hope this project can create the true public-private partnership necessary to create meaningful
systemic transformation for youth and families, and in turn be a model to the rest of the county, state and country.
Patricia Soung
Children’s Defense Fund - California
Michelle Newell
Office of Los Angeles County Supervisor
Mark Ridley-Thomas
Alex Johnson
Children’s Defense Fund - California

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 5
Foreword
This report attempts to capture nearly two years of thought and collaboration to articulate our shared vision of a new
model of juvenile justice here in Los Angeles, known as the LA Model. It is a guiding document that reflects what we
knew – and didn’t know – at the close of 2015. Published by the Children’s Defense Fund of California and supported by
the California Wellness Foundation, this summary represents the collaborative work of more than 100 people.
When the subcommittees were convened, we asked participants to commit a year of their time to this work. When the
year was over and the process began to move from vision to implementation, we realized that aspirational language and
a handful of recommendations would no longer be enough – what we needed was a unified understanding of the nuts-
and-bolts of the LA Model. The idea began with Dan Seaver, who wanted a “manifesto” to share. I encouraged us all to
think about creating something that would be accessible to community members, agency staff, and policy makers and
something that could function as both a memorial of the work done so far and a roadmap for the next phase.
Dr. Carly Dierkhising volunteered to do the very first draft and she distilled the ten elements that you’ll read about.
Jennifer Owen and Karen Streich provided invaluable guidance in those early meetings, providing clarity to the vision. As
the document began to take shape, Barbara Lona combed through the minutes of every meeting and prepared summaries
that ensured that nothing was overlooked and the members of our subcommittees provided nuance, depth, and detail.
Michelle Newell read and reviewed several versions of the document, providing thoughtful feedback and sharing her
expertise.
I was the writer and content editor of this report. We went through countless rounds of comments and revisions – both in
writing and in person – and I made my best effort to incorporate every suggestion. I was also committed to being honest
about the places where the subcommittees had unresolved disagreements and never reached consensus. While I believe
that this document provides a true reflection of the work of these subcommittees, I also acknowledge that there may be
individual subcommittee members who do not share each and every viewpoint expressed here.
This guiding document was created with the shared learning and knowledge of the collective wisdom of our
subcommittee members. Community members, advocates, young people directly impacted by the justice system
and their families, agency leaders, and others all came together to craft a single vision that we believe lays out a
comprehensive model of treatment and care. Much of this time was uncompensated and generously given by people
deeply committed to realizing this vision. In particular, I’d like to acknowledge the young people and family members
who joined us in this work. Their leadership, insight, and influence cannot be overstated.
Hailly T.N. Korman
Bellwether Education Partners

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Envisioning the LA Model
The term “LA Model” describes the features of a new small-group therapeutic facility in Los Angeles County
characterized by a culture of care rather than a culture of control. Abundant research demonstrates a direct link between
deeply rehabilitative juvenile justice interventions and improved public safety, providing the foundation for a shift in
thinking about the operation of long term secure juvenile facilities. The building currently under construction at the site
of the former Camp Kilpatrick will serve as the pilot for this program with an expectation that the principles of the LA
Model will ultimately be implemented at every Los Angeles County facility and in every County agency.
The LA Model of juvenile incarceration is part of a continuum of care in which most youth remain – and are served – in
the community. Although the LA Model is designed to be a therapeutic environment, it is cognizant of current research
indicating that incarcerating youth (regardless of treatment type) is harmful and that this intervention must only be used
for the highest-risk youth.1
In the transition to and implementation of the LA Model, the Los Angeles County Probation Department continues to
be the lead agency delivering services, but in this approach, the Department operates collaboratively as a member of
a network of partners, pooling resources and coordinating approaches to form a multidisciplinary support system for
all youth. The Model’s central framework relies on the practices of probation officers and all other campus staff in a
setting best described as a “therapeutic milieu” (described in detail below). As the lead agency, the Department will be
expected to coordinate and deliver a range of integrated services that collectively aim to cultivate opportunities for growth
and healing while promoting personal autonomy and responsibility.
All programming elements are engaging and meaningful for youth and staff, with a focus on skill-building, improving
self-regulation, and overall mental and physical wellbeing. A therapeutic environment permeates all aspects of the
custodial experience, is integrated into all daily and nighttime activities, and both adults and youth consistently practice
and reinforce the supporting behavior, vocabulary, and strategies. In addition, the program takes advantage of every
opportunity to provide all participants choice and autonomy in order to encourage independent practice of the learned
skills.
In the LA Model, a young person has a single comprehensive case plan. In order to deliver individualized programming,
case planning must be coordinated, collaborative and driven by evidence-based assessments.. Successful case planning
also includes input from all necessary stakeholders: youth, family, probation, school/education, health, mental health,
and any additional service providers or advocates.
The therapeutic milieu refers to and includes all aspects of the environment within which youth live and staff work. That
milieu is characterized by a culture of care and respect among all persons in the setting (e.g., probation staff, youth,
kitchen staff, medical providers, mental health clinicians, administrators, educators, volunteers, and any other person
who provides services) as well as the formal programming and education elements that are critical to each young person’s
Vision of the LA Model
Supportive and collaborative learning environments
where youth develop interpersonal, educational,
career technical and life skills; create healthy and
supportive relationships with adults and peers; and
discover their true potential. A culture of healing and
thriving is nurtured, focusing on positive community
reintegration and forged through a safe, open, and
holistic partnership involving all staff, families, and
communities.
Mission of the Stakeholders
To collaborate for youth as a community to foster,
maintain, and refine a learning environment:
a responsive, youth-centered approach that is
innovative, guided by research, and trauma-informed.
To nurture a culture that will drive transformation in
the system for all youth in our care.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 7
growth and wellbeing. Developing and maintaining a therapeutic milieu requires a commitment to shared goals from all
staff at all levels. In order to achieve this, the goals must be common knowledge. Those goals are communicated through
initial cross-training, ongoing reinforcement and modeling, and retraining and also through relevant data collection,
tracking, and accountability mechanisms. This feedback helps to ensure consistency of therapeutic environment and
fidelity to the model.
The pilot program at the Malibu campus2 is intended to house only those youth for whom all less secure placements
and less intensive services have not proven successful to foster lasting behavior change and ensure the safety of the
individual and the community. These young people likely have a range of existing and – to varying degrees – unmet
academic and mental health needs. Many or most of them are in need of specific services to mitigate the impact
of trauma exposure and reduce traumatic stress reactions. As a result, all stakeholders acknowledge that successful
outcomes are unique to each youth and understand progress markers within the larger context and ecology of a young
person’s life (i.e., recidivism is not the only relevant data point). Measures of success include a broad array of positive
outcomes articulated in each young person’s individual case plan (for example, improved family relationships, healthy
parenting behaviors, or high school completion).
OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC CARE
Therapeutic care is delivered in the context of the elements described in detail below. Overall, the campus experience
must incorporate evidence-based programs and promising practices to address:
■Mental health
■Trauma exposure and traumatic stress reactions
■Physical well-being and nutrition
■Substance abuse
■Academic engagement and success
■Delinquency / recidivism
Programming is driven by prosocial skill-building and re-entry planning and integrates mental health services, substance-
abuse services, trauma treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy/skills, academic support, enrichment programs, and
physical activity. All programming should assess and address the unique needs of each youth through uniform tools,
procedures, and practices, be grounded in research (e.g., evidence-based and promising practices), and incorporate
families and youth.
Services should be offered in diverse ways (e.g., in individual and group settings) and by a variety of service providers
including, at a minimum, probation officers, educational providers, community-based organizations, religious providers,
and mental health clinicians. However, each individual program or service must be integrated within the therapeutic
milieu. In the LA Model, no program operates as a stand-alone service.
Because programming will be diverse and integrated throughout the day and evening it is highly recommended that there
is a dedicated staff member (e.g., an assistant director, director of programming, or director of operations) tasked with
coordinating service delivery, family visitation, and scheduling service providers.
The stakeholders involved in this planning effort elected to identify core elements of a treatment program rather than a
specific treatment model. The subcommittee agreed that any programming plan must promote, support, and teach:
■Self-regulation and distress tolerance
■Emotional and social-emotional intelligence
■Problem solving and decision-making
■Interpersonal skills
■Relationships and relationship skills – with family, peers, and adults / mentors
■Career readiness and professional skill-building
■Leadership and communication skills

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ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE LA MODEL
The following essential elements were defined by the stakeholders as the necessary foundation for evidence-based
programming and skill-building activities. Within the therapeutic milieu:
1. Multi-disciplinary team planning occurs with collaboration across agencies and at all levels.
2. Programming is engaging and meaningful for youth and staff with a focus on skill-building, mental health, healing, and
personal growth. It consistently and meaningfully includes families and community members as critical partners.
3. Families are engaged early and often, treated with respect, and seen as partners in the treatment and aftercare process.
4. Aftercare and reentry are the core drivers of case planning from the day of arrival, in order to build a continuum of care and
to support stability when back in the community.
5. The small-group care model includes cohort consistency, a focus on relationships, homelike living spaces, and shared
responsibility for daily activities, self-care and ordinary maintenance of shared spaces.
6. Safety, both psychological and physical, is a priority for staff and youth and is promoted through a variety of positive
mechanisms integrated into daily interactions and activities.
7. Academic achievement and engagement are critical to each youth’s program, and input from education providers is a
fundamental element of case and reentry planning.
8. Probation and all other staff are mentors and are consistently integrated into program delivery. Support for staff mental
health and wellness is provided as an integral component of the LA Model.
9. Approach to programming is individualized, strength-based, and developmentally-appropriate, meeting youth where they are
at in the process of change and focusing on empowerment, problem-solving, and the promotion of protective factors.
10. Data is continuously collected and analyzed in order to drive decision-making, guide case planning, support continuous
improvement, and evaluate implementation and effectiveness of activities/programming.
Assumptions
In order for the LA Model to be successful:
■The juvenile courts and stakeholders – including
judges, District Attorneys, and Juvenile Defenders
– must be trained on the LA Model and its goals
in rehabilitating youth. These stakeholders should
be invested in the model so that they can be held
accountable for maintaining its mission once it has
been formalized and implemented.
■Prospective employees will have access to this
document – as well as orientations and trainings –
in order to have a baseline understanding of the LA
Model and the expectations for staff.
■Budgeting for programming will contemplate the
long-term cost savings of effective intervention.
Community-based organizations and partnerships,
which can often provide high quality services
at a reduced cost, must be recognized and
incorporated.
■The Probation Chief, Superintendent of the Office
of Education, Board of Supervisors, and other
political stakeholders must endorse and advocate
for the LA Model. The success of the model relies
on ongoing public support.
■As part of their continued involvement, experts and
stakeholders from the subcommittees will provide
consultation and feedback, including guidance in
the selection and evaluation of providers.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 9
Specific Recommendations to Implement and
Support the Essential Elements of the LA Model
The following recommendations of the stakeholders are directed to the lead agency, the Los Angeles County Department
of Probation, in coordination with all other service providers. Some recommendations are very specific and others are
more general, reflecting both the time constraints of this process and the acknowledgement of the group that additional
expertise in some domains is necessary. Where there was unresolved conflict, the source of disagreement is indicated.
1. Multi-disciplinary team planning occurs with collaboration across agencies and at all levels.
■Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) drive case planning and are structured to facilitate collaboration across multiple agencies.
In order for this to be successful, all staff across all agencies must be trained in the therapeutic model (including
kitchen staff, maintenance, teachers, probation officers, etc.). This necessitates cross-training that recognizes there is no
separation of staff roles in supporting program goals. All direct care providers will be trained to support the therapeutic and
rehabilitative components of the model and are expected to actively participate in the program.
■In order to successfully incorporate all programming elements in a holistic and integrated manner, staffing patterns and
schedules will need to accommodate regular (weekly) multidisciplinary team meetings, and allow sufficient time for
planning and debriefing activities.
2. Programming is engaging and meaningful for youth and staff with a focus on skill-building, mental health, healing, and
personal growth. It consistently and meaningfully includes families and community members as critical partners.
■Recommended programs include cognitive-behavioral therapy and evidence-based trauma-specific programs validated with
justice-involved populations.3
■Programming builds on youth strengths and identifies opportunities and linkages in the community (i.e., program or
employment opportunities at release) to support the youth’s self-identified strengths and goals while in the program and
upon reentry.
■Programming must include community-based organizations with direct contacts in the communities to which participating
youth will return and support in aftercare.
■Programming addresses family strengths, risks, and needs and identifies positive community supports for youth and family,
including partners who will assist and support the youth and family in treatment or aftercare (i.e., friends, neighbors,
extended family).
■Providers assist with removing barriers to success: tickets and fines, normalizing immigration status, securing vital
documents, etc. and have a continuous focus on reentry and aftercare.
3. Families are engaged early and often, treated with respect, and seen as partners in the treatment and aftercare process.
■An expanded definition of family is necessary in order to identify and include the appropriate people who can support youth
success. This group of supportive individuals may include nontraditional positive adult influences who are able to contact
and visit the youth after being screened and approved.
■Meaningful family engagement that provides robust support for the diverse needs of families within a trusting relationship
is a key component of the LA Model. Resources and planning are necessary to facilitate this and the committee considered
the possibility of a staff position dedicated to family engagement and support. Systems must be in place to protect
confidentiality and to allow families to disclose information in order to seek support without negative consequences.
■Research indicates that visitation is linked to youth success; therefore, visitation hours and days should be both flexible
and substantial to reduce family barriers to visitation and create more meaningful opportunities for youth and family
engagement.
■Providing transportation for family visits and providing childcare at the facility for families with young children should be
explored.
■Family visits are oriented towards fostering positive connections or skill-building (for example, family visits could start with
a skill-building session that relates to what the youth are learning in the program).

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■Visiting space is protected and private when necessary and creates a homelike and welcoming feel for families.
■Families should be included in case planning and treatment and have a meaningful say in the goals and case plans; the
role of families goes beyond mere visitation.
■Family rights should be known and respected. Developing and circulating / posting a family bill of rights should be
explored.
■Family input into the LA Model should be ongoing and meaningful (for example, developing a family council to provide
advisory oversight).
4. Aftercare and reentry are the core drivers of case planning from the day of arrival, in order to build a continuum of care and
to support stability when back in the community.
■Education and other programming should have a substantial aftercare component including formal pipelines to supportive
school environments and jobs in the community.
■Youth should have ample opportunities to prepare for transition, including adjustment to their living situation, enrollment
in school, engagement in a job, and/or any other programs that are part of their case plan. Furloughs to prepare for that
transition should be explored.
■Aftercare and field probation staff must receive the same training, or training similar to that given to those working at the
campus. This will allow them to deliver services designed to create consistency and shared expectations for the youth.
■In order to sustain and foster positive relationships, probation officers at the campus should have a mechanism available
to maintain contact with youth once they have returned to the community. Additionally, the field probation officer to be
assigned to the youth once released should begin to develop a positive relationship with the youth while still at the campus,
including in-reach interactions. This should be examined as an enhancement to the current protocol.
■Coordinated systems for reentry and transition counselors from public agencies (Probation, Los Angeles County Office of
Education, school districts, etc.) and community-based organizations should be used to assist each youth and to bring
aftercare providers up to speed on the particular strengths and needs of each youth. In addition, creative opportunities for
mentoring and reentry counseling should be explored.
5. A small-group model with cohort consistency, a focus on relationships, homelike living spaces, and shared responsibility for
daily activities and ordinary maintenance of the space.
■Youth live in a cohort of up to 12 peers and a consistent group of adults. Staffing schedules support this relationship
building and consistency.
■Concerns about the existing structure of the 56-hour probation staffing shift have been discussed by all committees
but no resolution was reached.
■Groups (composed of both youth and their direct care providers) will be kept together to the maximum extent possible in
order to nurture the development of a positive group culture.
■Further discussion is needed to refine the process by which young people are assigned to cohorts and the ways in
which that limits or enhances their opportunities to interact in mixed groups for specific therapeutic or educational
experiences.
■Youth take ownership and pride over their living spaces; ordinary self-care chores (e.g., laundry) are assigned only if they
encourage accountability in the shared space and support the development of life skills. Youth should never bear sole
responsibility for institutional maintenance and tasks necessary to the satisfaction of basic needs such as janitorial services
or routine food preparation.
■Living spaces are operated (i.e., schedules, routines, clothing) to foster a homelike feel and allow youth sufficient privacy
and autonomy while still achieving safety and other objectives of the LA Model. Youth should be given as much autonomy
and choice as they can safely manage including a selection of bedding, clothing, and personal care products.
■Youth and staff attire should be consistent with the homelike, therapeutic model.
■The stakeholders were unable to reach consensus on specific recommendations for attire but all agreed that at
a minimum, youth should have clothing that is “theirs” for the duration of their term and, if they choose, ample
quantities of appropriate underwear may be provided to individual youth by their families.
■The majority of stakeholders also agreed that staff clothing ought to communicate their participation in a culture of
care (for example, sneakers in place of boots and school-branded sweatshirts in place of badged uniform shirts). In
addition, most believed that school uniforms or a similar ‘professional’ dress option for youth should be explored,
including options for clothing incentives linked to program engagement.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 11
6. Safety, both psychological and physical, is a priority for staff and youth and is promoted through positive mechanisms during
daily interactions and activities.
■A behavior management protocol is used and supported by all staff. Positive incentives are clearly linked to youth desires
for both immediate and long-term rewards (e.g., activities offered during free time, specialty food, clothing that indicates
achievement or rank, early release, etc.) in order to facilitate participation; these incentives may change over time as youth
desires evolve. Treatment engagement should also be included in youth’s movement through the program trajectory.
■Promotion through the ranks of the program trajectory should be celebrated and positively reinforced. Movement through
the stages may be contingent on an application and interview processes in which a youth must request promotion and
support their application. This process should be designed to build choice, accountability, and agency.
■The program trajectory may include youth recognition of their peers and staff in order to encourage shared accountability
and allow youth to take ownership of the positive reinforcement system.
■Sanctions should be proportionate, equitable, and personalized. They may include the loss of something the youth desires
so it is essential that youth are provided with pleasurable activities and goods that can be revoked without impacting
participation in essential elements of the program (for example, loss of the opportunity to join a movie night is permissible
but loss of an opportunity to call home is not). However, sanctions alone are insufficient. Each incident must also be a
learning opportunity for staff and trigger an informal behavior analysis: What is the insight in the behavior? What is the
purpose of the behavior that is being sanctioned? When the purpose of the behavior is understood, youth can be supported
to replace the destructive behavior with an alternative prosocial behavior that achieves the same purpose.
■Safety should be achieved primarily through positive and trusting relationships where youth have a genuine belief that the
adults on campus care for their safety and wellbeing. Additionally, youth should help hold each other accountable to create
a safe environment.
■A restorative justice approach should guide the management of conflict that occurs on campus.
■De-escalation techniques must be graduated and start with the least restrictive technique (e.g., talking or allowing the
youth to calm down on their own). The focus of every intervention is to manage the behavior and to understand the root
cause rather than enforce compliance.
■A special note on isolation: Given the mental, emotional and physical harm that isolation has been shown to cause on
young people, a solitary or isolated holding unit may never be used to punish or discipline behavior. However, there should
be safe and quiet spaces (e.g., a therapy room/office) where youth can calm down for a brief period of time (i.e., 15
minutes) when all other de-escalation techniques have been exhausted. Although youth may access this space voluntarily,
use that is imposed should only be for the avoidance of imminent physical harm. Additionally, other practices like holding
positions or use of force should be last resort interventions and ought to be followed by a debrief of staff involved to provide
an opportunity for staff self-care and discussion of whether alternatives should have been attempted (or, if they were
attempted, why they were unsuccessful). If use of a holding position is necessary, all efforts should be made to keep youth
on their feet, to protect the physical safety of all involved. Pepper spray should never be used.
■While questions still remain as to what practices should be followed for de-escalation of incidents, it is clear
that there will be no measure that resembles punitive isolation. While situations may arise where kids need to be
removed from their group, more discussion is needed to determine what to do in this situation. It was suggested that
decisions around transfers or separation may only be made by an officer holding the title of at least Bureau Chief. It is
important to note that the practice of isolation will not only be removed from this campus, but it will not be a practice
used within the LA Model. Therefore a youth may not be sent to different facility to be placed in a Special Housing
Unit or similar secured space.
7. Academic achievement and engagement are critical to each youth’s program and input from education providers is a
fundamental element of case and reentry planning.
■Los Angeles County Office of Education will provide education services for youth at the campus.
■A rigorous and relevant education program is viewed as the locus of personal development for every young person on
campus and is understood to be at the core of the rehabilitative program.
■Improved student outcomes at the Malibu Campus will be characterized by:
■Measureable and significant academic progress (indicated by student growth measured by standardized and
authentic assessment tools).
■Transformation in student perceptions of self, with the confidence and desire to change their life trajectory
through education and discovery of a passion and purpose.
■Each student successfully i) enrolls in and attends an appropriate secondary education environment, ii) enters

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a post-secondary education program, or iii) begins or continues a career pathway upon release.
■Intensive support for students as they transition back to the community by providing comprehensive and
facilitated hand-offs to schools and service providers.
■Community-based measures of success such as post-secondary enrollment and completion, job satisfaction,
healthy personal relationships, and a reduction of encounters with the legal system.
■Establishing a restorative and inclusive family relationship that actively participates in a nurturing academic
community for themselves and the child.
■The education program is rooted in social-emotional connections to content. Those specific and explicit connections
permeate the campus through the LA County Office of Education’s Road to Success Academy (RTSA) themes that originate
at the school but are shared with all staff and incorporated into all aspects of programming and interaction (for example,
“courage” or “identity”).
■The RTSA Model includes five key elements:
■Core Education Program. This includes the core subjects required by the state, tiered intervention to allow
students to make major educational improvements, and credit recovery courses. RTSA employs a positive
behavior intervention system to encourage positive behavior that allows students to improve their educational
scores. Teachers are able to come together to develop their curriculum in a professional learning community.
■Thematic, Interdisciplinary, Project-Based Framework. The current themes being used are self-esteem/beauty,
empowerment, hope, transformation, and new beginnings, which work together to support the social and
emotional needs of students. At the end of each thematic unit, an exhibition will be held where students
present to other students, staff, and the community, providing them the opportunity to gain leadership skills
and have ownership over their learning. Every student will leave with a portfolio of their credits, workshops,
and certificates.
■Embedded Instructional Community Partnerships. There will be opportunity for community partners to serve as
experts in order to enhance the curriculum.
■Pathways to Higher Education. Curriculum is developed with the goal of college preparation in mind. Eligible
students who are either enrolled in high school or have already graduated from high school are offered online
college courses and career technical education. The goal is for each student to be ready for a job or higher
education once they are back in their own community.
■Instructional and Leadership Coaching. Administrators must be seen as leaders that guide the vision of the
school. They will provide instructional guidance, classroom support, coaching, and professional development
to teachers. The key to effectiveness of the RTSA model is strong leadership that fosters strong teachers.
■Visual and performing arts of all kinds are integrated into academic learning time as well as out-of-class time via
partnerships with artists and arts educators.
■The five guiding principles released by the U.S. Departments of Justice and Education will inform the education program:
1. Safe, healthy, facility-wide climate that prioritizes education, provides conditions for learning, and encourages the
necessary behavioral and social support services that address the individual needs of all youths, including those with
disabilities and English learners.
2. Funding available to support educational opportunities for all youth, including those with disabilities and English
learners, comparable to opportunities for peers who are not system-involved.
3. Recruitment, employment, and retention of qualified education staff with skills relevant in juvenile justice settings
who can positively impact long-term student outcomes through demonstrated abilities to create and sustain effective
teaching and learning environments.
4. Rigorous and relevant curricula aligned with state academic and career and technical education standards that utilize
instructional methods, tools, materials, and practices that promote college and career readiness.
5. Formal processes and procedures – through statutes, memoranda of understanding, and practices – that ensure
successful navigation across child-serving systems and smooth reentry into communities. In order for this to be
successful in the new campus there must be extensive re-entry planning, engaging school districts, wrap-around
support, collaboration, family involvement, and a soft handoff into the community.
■Instructional time must be protected as a key component of the rehabilitative program; except in extraordinary
circumstances (e.g., medical emergencies, court appearances, etc.) youth should not be removed from the classroom.
■School staff will manage school discipline. School-based discipline matters should involve Probation intervention only
when necessary to prevent immediate physical harm. When appropriate, parents and other family members or caregivers
should be contacted and their involvement should be requested. Holders of education rights must be notified and given an
opportunity to participate in accordance with state and federal law.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 13
8. Probation and all other staff are mentors and are consistently integrated throughout programming. Support for staff mental
health and wellness is seen as critical to the success of the LA Model.
■Priority in recruiting and hiring should be given to staff members who embrace best practice and evidence-based
approaches to working with youth and who consider themselves to be mentors and role models. Individual department
leaders offered either explicit staffing plans or support for committee recommendations.
■The committees recommend a probation supervision staff-youth ratio of 1:6 and a student-teacher ratio of 1:12.
Leaders from the Departments have expressed support for this recommendation.
■It was proposed that a portion of the staff demand be filled by “youth development workers” – a category of
employee that does not currently exist in any department. No agreement was reached on this suggestion.
■Education staffing requirements offered by the Los Angeles County Office of Education include one principal, one
academic counselor, one transition counselor to follow the students for up to 90 days after reentry into community,
ten teachers, two psychologists, one part-time speech and language pathologist, and one part-time school nurse.
■The Department of Mental Health (DMH) offered a staffing expectation of one mental health clinical supervisor, five
psychiatric social workers, and one intermediate typist clerk, and a program manager (shared with other facilities as
appropriate). An on-call psychiatrist is available 24/7/365. DMH will also have access to telepsychiatry.
■Health Services will require a nurse seven days a week for eight hours per day and a doctor once a week. The campus
will have access to telemedicine, which will make it possible for youth to be seen 24/7 by a physician assisted by
probation staff and technology. An on-call nurse and doctor will be available to the camp 24/7/365.
■A selection trajectory for site-based leadership and associated materials are currently in draft format awaiting revision and
final approval by the Departments. Probation and LACOE have committed to onboarding site leaders six to 12 months
before the campus opens in order to allow those leaders the opportunity to engage in the planning process (see Appendix C
for a summary of the proposed process).
■The selection of leaders should include representatives from County agencies and stakeholder groups. The
subcommittees propose a six-person panel composed of two representatives from the hiring agency, two
representatives from other County agencies, and two representatives of stakeholder groups. These individuals have not
yet been identified.
■All staff (probation, administration, education, janitorial, etc.) must be trained in and committed to adopting a trauma-
informed, positive, youth-centered approach. Staff should use collaborative learning, problem-solving, and supportive
relationship building approaches. These practices ought to extend to staff’s work with each other and with youth. The
ultimate goal is a staff that leads by example with acceptance, patience, integrity, and professionalism.
■An effective and holistic plan for initial and ongoing training must be in place. No decision was reached about specific
trainings or programs but potential ongoing, collaborative, cross-staff trainings include secondary trauma, positive behavior
intervention, transformative justice, and trauma-informed care.
■Other potential trainings explored include:
■Integrative Behavioral Therapy
■Mental Health
■Small Group Treatment Model
■Positive Youth Development
■Aggression Replacement Training
■Adapted-Dialectal Behavior Therapy
■Cognitive Behavior Therapy
■NCTSN (National Child Traumatic Stress Network) Think Trauma
■TARGET by Advanced Trauma Solutions
■Sanctuary Model
■Seeking Safety
■Missouri Approach
■Trainings for all site staff should be collaborative and coordinated. An initial framework for integrated trainings was
developed by a workgroup of members of the subcommittees from County agencies (attached as Appendix D).
■Staffing schedules need to prioritize an individual direct care provider’s ability to work closely with a small group of youth
in implementing the therapeutic program so they can build relationships and promote the program goals.

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
14
■Staff mental health and wellness must be prioritized in policy and practice for the program to be effectively implemented,
including addressing staff vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress. These issues should be addressed in team
meetings and staff should be given time to debrief following incidents with (or disclosures from) youth. Staff must have
sufficient backup and support to allow for de-escalation and processing of issues (for themselves and with youth).
■Probation officers must be equipped with the skills to be mentors and build rapport with youth. These skills include
recognizing that change is a process, relapse occurs, how to meet youth where they are, and how to ground oneself in
the face of youth aggression. Supervisors and staff of each cohort/cottage are expected to model and encourage grooming
skills, life skills, and interpersonal skills.
9. Approach to programming is individualized, strength-based, and developmentally-appropriate, meeting youth where they are
at in the process of change and focusing on empowerment, problem-solving, and the promotion of protective factors.
■Individualized support for youth is fostered by creating an individual plan for each youth’s success and reentry, and
identifying and problem-solving potential challenges (i.e., relapse prevention and safety planning). This will include multi-
disciplinary team planning that continuously addresses youth education, skill-building, mental health, and health needs
with input from the youth.
■An individualized approach maximizes autonomy and choice. It also means that the case plan must meet the youth where
they are at in terms of development, risk level, and readiness to change.
■Being strength-based means that staff do not give up on youth in the face of challenges. An individual cannot “fail” the
program. If youth are struggling in the program it is the responsibility of the Multidisciplinary team (MDT) to create a
revision/response that meets the needs of the individual youth.
10. Data is continuously collected and analyzed in order to drive decision-making, guide case planning, support continuous
improvement and evaluate implementation and effectiveness of activities/programming.
■Standardized, evidence-based screening and assessments should be used. Outcomes of screening and assessment should
be clearly linked to the youth’s case plan. Existing tools (e.g., Los Angeles Risk & Resiliency Check-up, or LARRC) should
be evaluated and, if appropriate, replaced with tools that better meet the goal of providing meaningful information to
support case planning.
■Achieving case plan goals or making positive movement towards these goals are markers of success and must be measured
and recorded appropriately in youth case files.
■Consistent challenges and setbacks in moving through case plan goals indicate a need for a re-assessment and potentially
a revision of the case plan.
■Data is used to identify trends in implementation and outcomes. Data should be aggregated to understand trends in
implementing the LA Model so course corrections can be made. Data should be collected on a broad range of potential
outcomes including family engagement, academic success, safety, and more.
■A core set of “dashboard” measures, based on available data collected by participating agencies and agreed upon by all
partners, should be in place to guide cross-departmental and public-private planning for the new facility and for the LA
Model. Dashboard measures and other outcome measures should be made publicly available to ensure accountability and
community engagement.
■A data collecting system, through which all departments and service providers may access youth data, should be explored.
This system needs to be open enough for all those working with the youth to access information necessary to providing
services, but must also maintain confidentiality.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 15
Appendix A
Recommendations for youth eligibility for placement in the LA Model pilot
(As approved and accepted by Guidance Team)
The LA Model is a therapeutic model designed for high-risk youth who are ordered by the juvenile court to complete
a Camp Community Placement Order in a Los Angeles County Probation camp (Newell & Leap, 2013). Los Angeles
Probation and its affiliated stakeholders recognize what leading researchers have demonstrated, specifically that secure
confinement should be used for only the highest risk youth, recognizing that these youth are the most vulnerable
and have often experienced trauma, once all other options have been exhausted. Placing youth in secure facilities is
associated with a range of negative consequences such as increased recidivism as a juvenile (Mendel, 2011) and as
an adult (Aizer & Doyle; 2013), increased risk for high school dropout (Aizer & Doyle, 2013), and potential deficits in
the development and maintenance of protective factors such as positive community and family relationships. Moreover
current evidence-based practices recommend that targeting the highest risk youth has the largest impact on reducing
recidivism (Lipsey et al., 2010).
In line with current research standards the following are additional recommendations to Los Angeles Probation and the
Los Angeles Juvenile Court regarding who is eligible and suitable for placement in the LA Model, being piloted at the
new Camp Kilpatrick with the intention that it will be taken system wide in LA County.
■Gender: Although this facility was originally designed for boys and we are currently planning for boys at Kilpatrick, the LA
Model is appropriate for girls as well and when the model is expanded beyond Camp Kilpatrick and it could include both
genders within the same site. Because of the autonomy of the pods, having a facility with both male and female pods will
be consistent with the LA Model, and has been successfully done in other jurisdictions (e.g. Santa Clara County). Any
future construction or re-design should take this into account to allow for flexibility based on gender.
■Age: An older population is most appropriate for this model given the focus on the highest risk youth, skill building, and
career technical education. While we see the LA Model generally geared towards youth 16 and up, we do not preclude the
possibility that younger youth will be deemed appropriate for and able to benefit from this model. However, efforts must be
taken to ensure that youth are only in pods with other youth of similar age ranges, developmental stages, and educational
needs.
■Health needs: The LA Model will serve, through intensive and individualized care, all high-risk youth cleared for camp
placement4 who have a range of medical, mental health and substance abuse needs. Therefore, youth who take
psychotropic medications, present with mental health problems, or experience co-occurring substance abuse disorders are
eligible for program placement.
Resources
Aizer, A. & Doyle, J. J. (2013). Juvenile Incarceration, human capital and future crime: Evidence from randomly assigned
judges.
Lipsey, M. W., Howell, J. C., Kelly, M. R., Chapman, G. & Carver, D. (2010). Meta-analysis of Research on the Effects
of Intervention Programs for Juvenile Offenders in Improving the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Programs: A New
Perspective on Evidence-Based Practice.
Washington DC: Center for Juvenile Justice Reform.
Mendel, R. A. (2011). No place for kids: The case for reducing juvenile incarceration.
Annie E. Casey Foundation.
Newell, M. & Leap, J. (2013). Reforming the nation’s largest juvenile justice system.
Children’s Defense Fund – UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
16
Appendix B
Proposed daily and weekly schedule5
Strong concerns were expressed regarding the early start time for youth activities. Evidence indicates that adolescents
need more sleep than previously believed and that their development is better supported by schedules that allow for that
sleep time during the morning hours. The primary limitations to shifting start times for students are provisions in existing
collective bargaining agreements regulating the available working hours for both Probation and Office of Education
employees.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 17
Program Type All Youth?
Minutes per
session/
sessions per
week
# of
Students per
Session
Last # of
Adults per
Session
Part of
the day
received
Trauma Treatment:
Individual Yes, if needed 60/1-2 1 1 anytime
Trauma Treatment: Group Yes, if needed 60/1-3 6
2
(1 provider & 1
probation)
programming or
community time
Proposed allocation of program time:

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
18
individual counseling Yes 60/1-2 1 1 anytime
CBT Yes 60/1-2 6
2
(1 provider & 1
probation)
programming or
community time
Substance Use/Abuse:
Individual
As needed or
ordered 60/1-2 1 1 anytime
Substance Use/Abuse:
Group
As needed or
ordered 60/1-2 6-8 2anytime
Sustained Arts Instruction Yes 90/2-3 6 or 12 2 or 3/4
Any open/
school day as
appropriate
job & career readiness
skills (specific skill
training)
Yes 60/5 Class 1 teacher CTE
Job Readiness Prep
(resumes, interviews, etc.) Yes 60/5 Class 1 teacher CTE
Parenting Skills and
Support As needed 60/6 12?
2
(1 provider & 1
probation)
Any open &
weekends
Academic: Tutoring and
Intervention As needed 60/5 12 1 teacher &
volunteers After school
GED Prep As needed 60-90/3-5 12 1 teacher &
volunteers After school
Credit Recovery As needed 60/5 12 1 teacher &
volunteers
During & after
school
Coping Skills (yoga,
meditation, etc) Yes 60/1-2 12 2
Physical Activity (exercise,
sports, etc.) Ye s 60/7 12-24 2-4 After school
Faith-Based Activity As requested 120/2 unlimited 10:1 Weekend & 1
week night
Family Connections and
Support pending input from youth and family panel
Mindfulness/Reflective
Timetime Ye s 5-20/1-3 12 1Community time
Self-Care Skills (laundry,
personal hygiene, etc.) Yes integrated
Relationship Skills Yes integrated
Independent Living Skills Yes integrated weekend

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 19
Appendix C
Proposed Process for Site Director Selection and List of Materials
Selection Stage Includes Materials Who Candidate Actions
Job Announcement
Circulated
Job Posting
Interest Questions
Request for Referrals
Job Posting (finalized)
Interest Questions
(finalized)
department-wide
respond by email,
include answers to
interest questions
Orientation
Meeting hosted by
Subcommittee Chairs
Distribute Data Task
Distribute Goals
& Actions Vision
Document
Goals & Actions Vision
Document (draft
prepared)
Data (draft prepared)
Data Task Assignment
(draft prepared)
all interested
candidates attend orientation
Performance Tasks
Writing Task
Data Analysis Task
Writing Task (draft
prepared)
Writing Task Scoring
Guide (draft prepared)
Data Task Annotations
(draft prepared)
Data Task Scoring
Guide (draft prepared)
any candidate who
attended orientation
(1) prepare data task in
advance (2) complete
writing task in person
Panel Interview One Interview (90
minutes)
Panel Interview
Questions (draft
prepared)
Panel Interview Scoring
Guide (draft prepared)
Panel Interview Scoring
Sheet (draft prepared)
candidates selected
from the performance
tasks
attend interview

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
20
Appendix D
A workgroup was convened to envision a plan for staff training within the LA Model. This group of County agency
representatives was tasked with the goal of creating a framework for the design and delivery of trainings that are
coordinated, collaborative, and strategic, known as integrated trainings. Within the LA Model, all staff development
should be conducted via these integrated trainings. See Element 8, above, for more detail.
Focus Question: What actions can we take to build a strong framework for the design and delivery of integrated trainings?
A. A Training c\Culture Aligned with the
Values of the LA Model
Opportunities for creative training
Provide time for team building
Co-facilitated
Be flexible
Prioritize diverse (all levels) audiences
(audience is always mixed)
Small Groups =12
Engaged & Experiential training
B. Leadership Secures Resources,
Removes Obstacles and Participates
Re-allocate budget
Leadership needs to make time/
funding commitment
Plan to address any contract issues
(renegotiate)
Dept. leadership participates in
training before staff (you can’t lead
what you don’t know)
Leadership need to commit and also
attend training
Regular updates to leadership re:
successes & challenges
C. Develop Systems for Ongoing, Inclusive
Training
Trainings for staff off site (subs and
alternates)
Develop Training archives (online?) for
future reference
More training opportunities offered
Front load training
Clear communication re: goals of
training
Design effective communication systems
(digital monitor?)
Roll out training in 2016 to prepare for
Kilpatrick opening
Agree on mandatory minimum training
(+ how to deliver)

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 21
D. Reflective Planning Cycle
Establish a feedback look
Continually assess audience
Pre-training survey of expectations/
evaluate expected training needs
Post-surveys for impact & other needs/
training requests
Develop a strategic overall plan
Ensure fidelity of integrated training
through Quality Assurance team
Co-planned
E. Cross Agency Consensus for Content
& Delivery
Use existing experts/resources
Incentivize collaboration (make
explicit)
Shared planning & delivery across
depts.
Collaboratively designed curriculum
Develop common baseline vocabulary
Identify staff with training skill-set
Balance presentations across internal
& external experts
Inventory/mapping of current training
practices (content, timing, scheduling,
etc.)
small groups =12
engaged & experiential training
Interview (90 minutes)
F. Dedicated Staff Ensures Effective
Planning & Implementation
Site level training coordinator
Temporary full-time staff person to lead
effort with representation from each
dept.)

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
22
Appendix E
Subcommittee Participants
Presented in alphabetical order by last name and including organizational affiliation, where applicable.
Although the writers recognize that engagement in this process took many forms and individual stakeholders participated
with varying levels of intensity and time commitment, this list is deliberately inclusive and attempts to name every person
involved in this project. If there are any omissions, they were unintended and we apologize.
First Name Last Name Organizational Affiliation (if applicable)
Dalila Alcantara Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Anthony Alvarez Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Valentina Alvarez Coalition for Engaged Education
*James Anderson Anti-Recidivism Coalition
Jim Anderson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Russell Anderson N/A
*Ricardo Angel-Qerez Coalition for Engaged Education
*Brian Arredondo Coalition for Engaged Education
Zulema Arzaga Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Cuauhtemoc Avila Los Angeles County Office of Education**
*Adela Barajas Youth Justice Coalition
Greg Baumann Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Brad Beach Echo Glen Children’s Center
Jimmy Benavides Los Angeles County Office of Education
Carol Biondi Los Angeles County Commission for Children and Families
*Daniel Bisuano Coalition for Engaged Education
Gail Blesi Los Angeles County Department of Mental Heath
Cheryl Bonacci Anti-Recidivism Coalition
Terri Boykins Los Angeles County Department of Mental Heath
Fernando Buitrago Los Angeles County Department of Probation
*Tyree Butler Coalition for Engaged Education
Christina Campbell Center for Educational Excellence in Alternative Settings
Fernando Canon Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Jacqueline Caster Everychild Foundation & Los Angeles County Probation Commission
Louie Chagolla Anti-Recidivism Coalition
Kristine Chan California State University, Los Angeles
Eddie Chism AFSCME Local 685
Carol Chodroff Los Angeles County Probation Oversight Working Group
Maria Chong-Castillo Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Third Supervisory District
Brian Christian Los Angeles County Education Association
Angela Chung Children’s Defense Fund - California**

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 23
Abraham Colunga Youth Justice Coalition
*Arnold Contreras Coalition for Engaged Education
Felicia Cotton Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Jon Crotty Los Angeles County Office of Education
Zena Darwish Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health
*Davion Davis Anti-Recidivism Coalition
*Roger Delgado Coalition for Engaged Education
*Tanisha Denard Youth Justice Coalition
Carly Dierkhising California State University, Los Angeles
Joseph DiMartino Los Angeles Mayor’s Office
David Domenici Center for Educational Excellence
Luis Dominguez Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Jennifer Donnell Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Angela Doyle Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Sylvia Drew Ivie Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Third Supervisory District
Ruoh-Mei Duncan Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
Andi Lane Eastman University of Southern California; Children’s Data Network
Jema Estrella Los Angeles County Office of Education
Kellie Figoten Los Angeles County Department of Child and Family Services
*Eddie Flores Youth Justice Coalition
Stacey Ford AFSCME Local 685
*Daniel Frias Center for Educational Excellence in Alternative Settings
*Karia Fuentes Youth Justice Coalition
Zoila Gallegos Los Angeles County Office of Education
*Maritza Galvez Youth Justice Coalition
Monica Garcia Los Angeles County Department of Probation; Los Angeles Unified
Pamela Gibson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Sherry Gold Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Third Supervisory District
Blanca Gomez N/A
Akuyoe Graham Spirit Awakening
Denise Grande Los Angeles County Arts Commission
Donna Groman Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles
Russell Harrison Los Angeles County Office of Education
Jason Hasty Los Angeles County Office of Education
Robert Hernandez University of Southern California
Dr. Denise Herz California State University, Los Angeles
Genethia Hudley Hayes Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Third Supervisory District
Tamara Hunter Los Angeles County Department of Child and Family Services
Jill Ippolito Up Rising Yoga
Nick Ippolito Up Rising Yoga

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
24
Girum Jiru Los Angeles County Office of Education
Diem Johnson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Gregg Johnson Los Angeles County Arts Commission
Tracye Jones Evidence Based Solutions
Kelly Kagan Law Coalition for Engaged Education
Jo Kaplan Los Angeles County Probation Commission
Andrea Kittelson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Hailly Korman Bellwether Education Partners
Jorja Leap University of California, Los Angeles
Jan Levine Los Angeles County Probation Commission
Greg Lindner Los Angeles County Office of Education
Mary Logan Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
Karrah Lompa University of California, Los Angeles
Barbara Lona National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Elizabeth Lopez Los Angeles Mayor’s Office
Suzanne Lyles Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Julio Marcial The California Wellness Foundation
Sonia Martinez Children’s Defense Fund - California
Zan Mason Los Angeles County Office of Education
Jacquelyn McCroskey University of Southern California
Kim McGill Youth Justice Coalition
Malin McKinnley Coalition for Engaged Education
Denise Miranda Los Angeles County Office of Education**
Dave Mitchell Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Sheila Mitchell SEM Consulting and former CPO at Santa Clara County
Fernando Montes-Rodriguez Coalition for Engaged Education
Chris Morales Los Angeles County Office of Education
Hector Morales Los Angeles County Office of Education
Sandra Naranjo Los Angeles Unified School District
Michelle Newell Children’s Defense Fund - California**
Ebony Nicholson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Sarah Niemann Los Angeles County Office of Education
David Oh Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
Jennifer Owen Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Linsey Palmer University of Southern California
Kathy Park National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Hema Patel Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Will Patton Los Angeles County Office of Education
Raymond Perry Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
Mark Peterson N/A

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 25
*Jesse Pineda Anti-Recidivism Coalition
Sean Porter Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Jerry Powers Los Angeles County Department of Probation
*Julio Quijada Anti-Recidivism Coalition & Coalition for Engaged Education
Alberto Ramirez Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Leslie Rehak Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Edwin Rivas Coalition for Engaged Education
Jesse Russell National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Pili Robinson Missour Youth Services Institute
Vicky Santana Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Freddy Saucedo Los Angeles County Office of Education
Jim Schoengarth Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Dan Seaver Los Angeles County Probation Commission
Ryan Shanahan Vera Institute of Justice
Amanda Silver National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Mike Simms Santa Clara County Department of Probation
Mark Skudder N/A
Wendy Smith University of Southern California
Bill Stanton Casey Family Programs
Javier Stauring Archdiocese of Los Angeles, Office of Restorative Justice**
Mark Stotlar Missouri Youth Services Institute
Karen Streich National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Charles Task Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Marcel Thiel N/A
Sarah Thomas N/A
Jamal Thrower AFSCME Local 685
Erika Torres Los Angeles Unified School District
Tina Vartanian Los Angeles County Office of Education
*Rachel Veerman N/A
*Edgar Vega Coalition for Engaged Education
Diana Velasquez Los Angeles County Office of Education
Ferlie Villacorte Los Angeles County Department of Health Services
MaryBeth Walker Los Angeles County Department of Probation
Laura Wilson Los Angeles County Office of Education
Tami Wilson Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health
Angie Wolf National Council on Crime and Delinquency
Vince Yu Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Vincent Yung Los Angeles County Department of Probation

A CULTURE OF CARE FOR ALL: ENVISIONING THE LA MODEL
26
End Notes
1 Those youth for whom all less secure placements and less intensive services have not proven successful.
2 The new facility has not yet been named. In the interim, this document refers to it simply by its location in Malibu and uses the term “campus” instead of “camp” to
reflect the vision of the program, which is positive-outcome and achievement oriented. It is expected that a formal name will ultimately be adopted.
3 The committee heard presentations on several specific programs and while no selection was made, it was agreed that trauma-focused, evidence-based treatments align with
the LA Model. Those treatments share a set of core characteristics:
• Building a strong therapeutic relationship
• Psychoeducation about normal responses to trauma
• Parent support, conjoint training, or parent training
• Emotional expression and regulation skills
• Anxiety management and relaxation skills
• Trauma processing and integration
• Personal safety training and other important empowerment activities
• Resilience and closure
4 The committee heard presentations on several specific programs and while no selection was made, it was agreed that trauma-focused, evidence-based treatments align with
the LA Model. Those treatments share a set of core characteristics:
• Building a strong therapeutic relationship
• Psychoeducation about normal responses to trauma
• Parent support, conjoint training, or parent training
• Emotional expression and regulation skills
• Anxiety management and relaxation skills
• Trauma processing and integration
• Personal safety training and other important empowerment activities
• Resilience and closure
5 Strong concerns were expressed regarding the early start time for youth activities. Evidence indicates that adolescents need more sleep than previously believed and that
their development is better supported by schedules that allow for that sleep time during the morning hours. The primary limitations to shifting start times for students are
provisions in existing collective bargaining agreements regulating the available working hours for both Probation and Office of Education employees.

CHILDREN’S DEFENSE FUND - CALIFORNIA 27

LOS ANGELES • SACRAMENTO • OAKLAND • LONG BEACH
www.cdfca.org