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Least Cost Path Algorithm Design For Highway Route Selection
Abstract
Highway route design is a difficult process due to the complex structure of the environment. The topography and the natural
geographical objects constitute an obstacle for highway constructions. On the other hand, the cost parameter and protecting
the environment are main two issues which planners have to consider. Thus, the priorities of the highway routes should be
decided according to the requirements and expectations. At this point, Least Cost Path Algorithm (LCPA) makes it possible
to investigate least cost path for highway routes. This cost can be assigned as the cost of the constructions such as avoiding
slope and swampy areas or an environmental object such as keeping the forests and not damaging to agricultural lands. When
the cost parameter is decided, then LCPA can calculate the least cost path from origin point to destination.
In this study, new highway routes are investigated for Konya city with economic, environmentally and hybrid approaches.
The cost parameter and related surfaces are generated according to the highway construction requirements and then with
LCPA, three different routes are calculated. The result maps are generated and the three approaches are compared for
environmental and cost parameters.
For the economic growth and sustainable development of any country, the road networks play a pivotal role. Hence, the selection of best route alignment for the road networks becomes even more significant. The Geographical Information System (GIS) integration with the Least Cost Path (LCP) model is used to determine the optimum route to address sustainable road development. In this study, Dupcheswor Rural Municipality, Nuwakot, Nepal and part of Langtang National Park was taken as a study area; and engineering and environmental parameters were selected to create a cost layer. Using the Least Cost Path (LCP) model, fifteen routes were generated in the GIS. All the generated fifteen routes were compared based on cost, and the optimum route was selected based on the least cost. The optimum route in this study was derived from the hybrid theme of engineering and environmental perspectives. This study suggests further research can be done to improve preliminary to detailed road alignment planning and design coordination by considering other factors.
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