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EQUINODERMOS COLECTADOS POR LA EXPEDICIÓN CIOHINVEMAR- SMITHSONIAN DESDE CARTAGENA HASTA EL GOLFO DE URABÁ, CARIBE COLOMBIANO
Abstract
Echinoderms collected by CIOHINVEMAR- SMITHSONIAN expedition from Cartagena to Golfo de Urabá, Colombian Caribbean. 22 Echinoderm species collected in 21 statjons using a semiballoon trawling net from Cartagena to Golfo de Urabá, between 30 and 380 m depth by the 1995 CIOHINVEMAR- SMITHSONIAN expedition are listed, diagnosed and iIIustrated. The species included two crinoids, seven asteroids, five ofiuroids, four equinoids and four holothuroids, Astropecten nitidus Verrill, Plutonaster agassizi agassizi (Verrill), Tethyaster grandis (Verrill) and Leptopentacta deichmannae Domantay are first records to the Caribbean sea, and Astropecten alligator Perrier, Anthenoides piercei Perrier, Amphiodia atra (Stimpson), Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman), Ophiomusium acuferum Lyman, Araeosoma fenestratum (Wyville - Thomson) y Molpadia parva Théel are first records for the Colombian Caribbean. Grouping analysis between stations, based in presence - absence data, evidenced a pattern of stations relationships according depth. However, data are insufficient for determining zonation schemes in the area.
... En este género actualmente se tienen incluidas 13 especies (WoRMS, 2020), las cuales se distribuyen: tres en el Indo Pacífico, una en el Pacífico Noreste, tres en el Pacífico Este tropical, una en el Atlántico Norte, una en el Golfo de Bengala (océano Índico), dos en el Mediterráneo, una en el Mar Negro y una en el Caribe; distribuidas batimétricamente de los 0 a los 243 m. De las 13 especies antes mencionadas, la que se distribuye en el Caribe es Leptopentacta deichmannae Domantay, 1958(Domantay, 1958González, Solano, & Navas, 2002;Alvarado, 2011;Borrero-Pérez, Benavides-Serrato, & Diaz-Sanchez, 2012;Lodeiros et al., 2013;Alvarado et al., 2017), con un rango batimétrico de los 0 a los 37 m (Domantay, 1958;Solís-Marín et al., 2013). ...
... Localidad tipo: Florida (Domantay, 1958). Distribución geográfica: Florida (E.U.A), Cuba, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela y Surinam (Domantay, 1953(Domantay, , 1958González et al., 2002;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2012). ...
... Notas ecológicas: L. deichmannae habita en fondo lodoso, material vegetal, fragmentos de conchas y esponjas (Domantay, 1958;González et al., 2002;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2012). ...
Introduction: The genus Leptopentacta has only been previously reported from Florida, Cuba, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Suriname. Objective: To present the first record of the genus for Nicaragua. Methods: The morpho- logical characters of Nicaraguan material at the Smithsonian Institution (USNM 1014529), were corroborated with the original description. Results: The five specimens collected in the Nicaraguan Caribbean match the genus. Conclusions: Leptopentacta is reported for the first time from the Nicaraguan Caribbean Sea. This increases the number of Nicaraguan echinoderms to 194 species.
... Astropecten comptus has been reported from off the coast of North Carolina to the Strait of Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico (Downey 1973), the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (Durán-González et al. 2005;Vázquez-Bader et al. 2008), and the Guyana shelf (Walenkamp 1979) ( Figure 1A). Astropecten nitidus has been reported from off the coast of North Carolina to the Strait of Florida and off the west coast of Florida (Downey 1973;Downey, in A.M. Clark and Downey 1992), the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (Durán-González et al. 2005;Vázquez-Bader et al. 2008), the Colombian Caribbean (González et al. 2002;Benavidez-Serrato et al. 2011), and the Guyana shelf (Walenkamp 1979). Verrill's type specimen of A. nitidus remains the only A. nitidus reported from south of the equator ( Figure 1B). ...
... Downey's (in A.M. Clark and Downey 1992) description of adambulacral spination of A. nitidus is similar to her description of spination of A. cingulatus: blunt or truncate furrow spines but six to nine short subambulacral spines. González et al. (2002) stated that the middle spine of the three rows of adambulacral spines is longer and wider than the others. Our observations indicate the furrow spines of both A. cingulatus and specimens identified as A. nitidus are pointed or slightly compressed and blunt. ...
... We observed seven or eight actinal intermediate plates per interradial area on the holotype of A. nitidus and other North American specimens identified as A. nitidus ( Figure 15A, B, respectively). González et al. (2002) stated that the plates are in a single row and do not extend beyond the first IM plates. We observed the plates were covered with short papilliform spinelets with a central acute spine on the larger plates. ...
Verrill described Astropecten comptus and Astropecten nitidus 100 years ago. The species have been accepted and have been reported off the east coast of North America and South America, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico. The validity of the species has never been questioned. Because we had difficulty distinguishing A. comptus from A. articulatus and A. nitidus from A. cingulatus, we examined basic morphological diagnostic characteristics in astropectens of the neotype of A. articulatus, the holotype of A. cingulatus, the paralectotype of A. comptus, the holotype of A. nitidus, the holotype of A. nitidus forcipatus, and many specimens that had been identified as A. cingulatus, A. nitidus, A. articulatus, A. comptus, and other Astropecten species of the West Atlantic Region. We conclude that A. comptus is a synonym of A. articulatus and A. nitidus is a synonym of A. cingulatus. This has implications for current concepts of zoogeography and biodiversity in the region and for the phylogeny of astropectinids. © 2018 Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. All rights reserved.
... Diversity information of deep-sea echinoderm fauna through recent research is scarce (Pawson, 1982;Stöhr and Segonzac, 2005;Mecho et al., 2014;Moles et al., 2015;Calero et al., 2017;Mironov et al., 2018;Setyastuti and Wirawati, 2018;Stöhr and O'Hara, 2021). Strong progress has been made, especially for Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico (González et al., 2002;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2003;Benavides-Serrato and Borrero-Pérez, 2010;Campos et al., 2010;Manso, 2010;Massin and Hendrickx, 2011;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2012;Hendrickx et al., 2014;Solís-Marín et al., 2014;Martínez et al., 2014;Martínez et al., 2015;Martínez, 2016;Conejeros-Vargas et al., 2017;Martinez and Penchaszadeh, 2017;Martínez et al., 2017, Rivadeneira et al., 2017Luna-Cruz and Hendrickx, 2018;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2019;Flores et al., 2019;Pertossi et al., 2019;Martínez et al., 2019;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2020;Martinez et al., 2020;Rivadeneira et al., 2020;Luna-Cruz and Hendrickx, 2020;Catalán et al., 2020;Luna-Cruz and Hendrickx, 2021;Flores et al., 2021). ...
... The deep sea of the Colombian Caribbean has been extensively studied (González et al., 2002; -Serrato and Borrero-Pérez, 2010;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2012;Borrero-Pérez et al., 2019;Dueñas et al., 2021 (2021) report 17 species of ophiuoids from waters deeper than 400 m as part of the Danish Galathea II Expedition, at stations in Nicaragua and Panama. Of these 17 species, only three are reported in Costa Rican waters in our review (Astrodia plana, Ophiosphalma glabrum, and Ophiura flagellata), which indicates a high potential for an increase in the number of ophiuroids in our region. ...
Echinoderms are a highly diverse group and one of the most conspicuous in the deep sea, playing ecological key roles. We present a review about the history of expeditions and studies on deep-sea echinoderms in Costa Rica, including an updated list of species. We used literature and information gathered from the databases of the California Academy of Sciences, the Benthic Invertebrate Collection of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the National Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Comparative Zoology and the Museo de Zoología from the Universidad de Costa Rica. A total of 124 taxa (75 confirmed species) have been collected from the Costa Rican deep sea, 112 found in the Pacific Ocean, 13 in the Caribbean Sea, and one species shared between the two basins. We report 22 new records for the Eastern Tropical Pacific, 46 for Central American waters, and 58 for Costa Rica. The most specious group was Ophiuroidea with 37 taxa, followed by Holothuroidea (34 taxa), Asteroidea (23 taxa), Echinoidea (17 taxa), and Crinoidea (11 taxa). The highest number of species (64) was found between 800 m and 1200 m depth. Only two species were found deeper than 3200 m. Further efforts on identification will be required for a better comprehension of the diversity of deep-sea echinoderms. Limited research has been done regarding the biology and ecology of deep-sea echinoderms in Costa Rica, so additional approaches will be necessary to understand their ecological functions.
... It is important to mention that, in the Colombian Caribbean, the composition and abundance of epibentonic fauna at the grass level of T. testudinum is very variable, ignoring that environmental factor explains this variation, although the complexity of the habitat is mentioned As a possible structuring of this group of organisms (Montoya Maya, 2017); In fact, the area of La Guajira is a particular environment along the Atlantic coast of Colombia, as it corresponds to an upwelling area, which gives greater ecological complexity to this system (Criales-Hernández, García, & Wolff, 2006) However, the species found in the present study are common to the Colombian Caribbean, at the level of all taxonomic groups found with the exception of the polychaete Perinereis cultrifera, the isopod Cymothoa exigua and the echinoderm Arbacia lixula (Báez & Ardila, 2003;Borrero-Pérez, Solano, & Benavides-Serrato, 2002;Díaz Merlano & Puyana Hegedus, 1994;González, Solano, &Navas, 2002 andKensley &Schotte, 1989), so you can consider new records for this area of the Caribbean Sea. Stressing that the Isopod C. exigua is a species belonging to a genus whose organisms are common parasites of fish (Kensley & Schotte, 1989), just as it is a common species in the Tropical East Pacific Area (Espinosa Pérez & Hendrickx, 2001), on the other hand, A. lixula is common for the southern hemisphere of the West Atlantic (Brazil), while in the northern hemisphere is the species A. punctulata (Lessios et al., 2012), which has been reported previously in Colombia (Borrero-Pérez et al., 2002). ...
... It is important to mention that, in the Colombian Caribbean, the composition and abundance of epibentonic fauna at the grass level of T. testudinum is very variable, ignoring that environmental factor explains this variation, although the complexity of the habitat is mentioned As a possible structuring of this group of organisms (Montoya Maya, 2017); In fact, the area of La Guajira is a particular environment along the Atlantic coast of Colombia, as it corresponds to an upwelling area, which gives greater ecological complexity to this system (Criales-Hernández, García, & Wolff, 2006) However, the species found in the present study are common to the Colombian Caribbean, at the level of all taxonomic groups found with the exception of the polychaete Perinereis cultrifera, the isopod Cymothoa exigua and the echinoderm Arbacia lixula (Báez & Ardila, 2003;Borrero-Pérez, Solano, & Benavides-Serrato, 2002;Díaz Merlano & Puyana Hegedus, 1994;González, Solano, &Navas, 2002 andKensley &Schotte, 1989), so you can consider new records for this area of the Caribbean Sea. Stressing that the Isopod C. exigua is a species belonging to a genus whose organisms are common parasites of fish (Kensley & Schotte, 1989), just as it is a common species in the Tropical East Pacific Area (Espinosa Pérez & Hendrickx, 2001), on the other hand, A. lixula is common for the southern hemisphere of the West Atlantic (Brazil), while in the northern hemisphere is the species A. punctulata (Lessios et al., 2012), which has been reported previously in Colombia (Borrero-Pérez et al., 2002). ...
With the aim of making a Rapid Ecological Assessment of macroinvertebrates associated with sea grass present in the Cabo de la Vela in La Guajira. Ranked four sampling points along the coast designated as Puerto Bolivar (PB), Tourist Area (ZT), Fishing (ZP), and Rancheria Carrizal (RC), which took a biological sample in a direct way with a quadrant of 50 x 50 cm (0.25 m 2), additionally took values for the following physico-chemical parameters in situ: pH, temperature (T), conductivity (EC), salinity, redox potential (Pot-redox), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity. In addition, with water samples preserved in conditions of low temperature is conducted further analysis of total alkalinity and concentration of nitrite in water quality Laboratories of the University of La Guajira. Sediment was collected for the sieve analysis and organic potential; the findings showed a total of 167 organisms grouped in 19 families. The species with the greatest number of agencies were the bivalve Chione cancellata (38 organism) and the polychaete Hediste Diversicolor (28 organisms. In relation to the potential professional staff, the ZP, was in the area with the highest quantity (7%), while the RC was the point with a lesser amount (2%).The sieve analysis showed a similar trend, since only to the ZP very fine gravel presented a greater amount with respect to the rest of the fractions. his type of ecological evaluations, they help to inventory quickly and promptly the diversity of organism's macroinvertebrates, as well as serve to know the available resources, and thus make a sustainable use.
... Distribución geográfica: Desde Florida, Cuba hasta Colombia (Domantay, 1958;González et al., 2002; Alvarado y Solís-Marín, 2013). Norte de San Antero, Mar Caribe, Golfo de Morrosquillo, Colombia (ver mapa 3). ...
The aim of the present work is to raise awareness of the diversity of the sea cucumber species belonging to the family Cucumariidae stored in the National Echinoderm Collection “Dra. María Elena Caso Muñoz ”(CNE) at the Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology (ICML), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). The project was developed at the ICML, UNAM, particularly in the Laboratory of Systematics and Ecology of Echinoderms (LSEE), under the supervision of Dr. Francisco Alonso Solís Marín. Species of the family Cucumariidae distributed in Mexican marine waters are presented and described, as well as from countries such as Colombia, Costa Rica, Argentina and Japan; this achievement was made thanks to the specimens and information obtained from the review of material stored in that last collection. A review of the specialized literature and the particular information of each of the species were also carried out, obtaining actual valid names, synonyms, diagnoses, distribution records (geographical and bathymetric) and some morphological aspects used in the descriptions. In total, 22 species included in nine genera belonging to the family Cucumariidae are described, with a bathymetric distribution interval from 0 to 4,082.33 m. Descriptive sheets of each of the species were also made, each one contains photographs of the external characters and Scanning Electron Microscopy photographs of internal characters (ossicles). The sheets also have general data such as geographical distribution, type material location, type locality, bathymetry and comments. A taxonomic key for the identification of the species is presented. Bathymetric interval of two species are extended (Cucumaria piperata Stimpson, 1864 and Pentacta nipponensis H. L. Clark, 1938). Geographic distribution of five cucumarid species is also extended: Cucumaria piperata Stimpson 1864, Leptopentacta nina Deichmann, 1941, Pseudocnus curatus (Cowles, 1907), Pseudocnus dubiosus (Semper, 1868) and Pseudocnus lubricus (H. L. Clark, 1901). Two new species are proposed for the family Cucumariidae: Cucumaria n. sp. and Pseudocnus n. sp.
... In the Colombian Caribbean sea, 56 sea cucumbers have been recorded between 0 and 1000 m depth ( González et al., 2002 La clase Polychaeta es en su mayoría marina, estan en casi todos los ambientes desde zonas intermareales hasta grandes profundidades ( Rouse et al., 2002). Su cuerpo es largo y delgado, y en cada segmento presentan un par de parápo-dos con muchas quetas (Fauchald 1977). ...
... In the Colombian Caribbean sea, 56 sea cucumbers have been recorded between 0 and 1000 m depth ( González et al., 2002 La clase Polychaeta es en su mayoría marina, estan en casi todos los ambientes desde zonas intermareales hasta grandes profundidades ( Rouse et al., 2002). Su cuerpo es largo y delgado, y en cada segmento presentan un par de parápo-dos con muchas quetas (Fauchald 1977). ...
This visual guide is illustrated with images captured by Anadarko Colombia Company
(ACC), a subsidiary of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation (APC), during its normal
offshore hydrocarbon exploration process at depths between 375 and 3288 m in the
Colombian Caribbean Sea.
Images were taken by towed camera, Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV), and by
samples taken in Piston Core projects. Images were classified by large taxonomic
groups. National experts were contacted to identify the organisms to the most specific
taxonomic level possible. International experts were also contacted to confirm
organisms previously identified or to identify those for which no national expert
was available.
This guide includes introductions for each major taxonomic group and other ones for
more specific groups (if applicable), provided by the experts themselves, who
participated in the identification of the organisms. This is the first visual guide of
deep-sea organisms (mega fauna) for the Colombian Caribbean.
... Distribuição geográfica: Oceano Atlântico: a oeste dos Estados Unidos até Uruguai (Tommasi 1970b;González et al. 2002;Laguarda-Figueras et al. 2005;Borrero-Pérez et al. 2008;Pawson et al. 2009) a leste da Libéria até a Angola (Thomas 1967;Borges & Amaral 2005). Brasil: Rio de Janeiro até o Rio Grande do Sul (Tommasi 1970b;Capítoli & Monteiro 2000;Borges et al. 2002). ...
p>Este guia ilustrado apresenta 57 espécies de Echinodermata Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734] registradas na porção sul do Embaiamento Sul Brasileiro (ESB), incluindo o litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, todo o litoral do Paraná e norte de Santa Catarina. O guia destina-se a pesquisadores e estudantes que atuam ou gostariam de atuar com o grupo e serve de auxílio na identificação em campo e laboratório. Apresentamos uma caracterização do filo Echinodermata, uma breve descrição da área de estudo, técnicas de coleta e preservação dos exemplares. Para cada classe, são apresentadas caracterizações com as principais estruturas morfológicas de importância taxonômica, seguida das diagnoses das espécies registradas na ESB. Dentro de cada classe, as espécies foram organizadas por família e depois alfabeticamente de acordo com o gênero e a espécie. Para cada espécie foram incluídas fotos, diagnoses, distribuição geográfica e hábitat quando disponíveis em literatura. Esse trabalho é o primeiro guia ilustrado de equinodermos no Brasil e complementa de forma consistente o conhecimento da biodiversidade do grupo, gerando subsídios para futuras intervenções, tomadas de decisões e manutenção da diversidade deste incrível grupo de animais marinhos.
Palavras chave : Equinodermos, sul do Brasil, diversidade, Sudoeste Atlântico, Taxonomia.</p
... Despite being the most diverse class of the phylum Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea has been one of the least studied groups in the Colombian Caribbean. From 1962 to 2011, 80 species of ophiuroids were reported from Colombia, including three species belonging to the family Gorgonocephalidae: Asteroporpa annulata Lütken 1856, Astrocnida isidis Duchassaing 1850, and Astrophyton muricatum Lamarck, 1816 (Thomas, 1962(Thomas, , 1965(Thomas, , 1973Bayer et al., 1970;Caicedo, 1979;Álvarez, 1980;Gallo, 1988;Hendler et al., 1995;Schoppe, 1996;Benavides y Borrero, 2000;González et al., 2002;Garcés y Romero, 2003;Alvarado, 2010;Benavides-Serrato et al., 2011).. This family is characterized by having a large disk frequently covered with a thickened skin, [197][198][199][200][201] which may possess various tubercles and granules; radial, bar-shaped shields extending from the center of the disc; usually spiny papillae on the jaw and arms that are branched or simple, covered with granules and distal with bands of small hooks (Paterson, 1985). ...
This paper reports Schizostella bifurcata, a member of the family Gorgonocephalidae for the first time in the Colombian Caribbean. This report is based on specimens collected from the continental shelf of Santa Marta bay, where the species was found associated with gorgonians.
... From a nutritional standpoint, sea cucumbers are of great value because of its high protein content, its low fat percentage and vitamin content, among which highlights the vitamins A, B 1 (thiamine), B 2 (riboflavin ), B 3 (niacin) and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc[24][25]. In Colombia, there are few studies on sea cucumbers[26][31]. This group of invertebrates is not well known and only some artisanal fishermen occasionally consume them as food. ...
The knowledge of the chemical composition of invertebrates as sea cucumber contributes to improving our understanding of these living organisms. This study compared the chemical composition of wild sea cucumber Isostichopus sp., between February 2013 and January 2014. Sea cucumbers were captured by hand by artisanal fishermen and transported alive to the laboratory of Aquaculture of the Universidad del Magdalena (Colombia), where they were subsequently killed and taken to freeze until analysis. For proximate analysis 20 g of muscle were used for each sample. The analysis (in triplicate) was performed according to [1]. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the protein content, lipids and ash were found. The chemical composition ranged from 2.74% to 6.63% for protein; about 0.07% to 0.35% for lipids; 3.16% to 3.81% for ash; between 83.74% and 86.92% for moisture. Chemical composition of muscle Isostichopus sp. was similar to that reported for fresh sea cucumbers internationally traded, which indicates that it is a species with a competitive commercial value for use in food.
... Oceano Atlântico: a oeste EUA até Uruguai (Tommasi 1970b;González et al. 2002;Laguarda-Figueras 2005;Borrero-Pérez et al. 2008;Pawson et al. 2009) a leste da Libéria até a Angola (Thomas 1967;. Brasil: RJ até o RS (Tommasi, 1970b;. ...
... El estudio de equinodermos en el Caribe colombiano presenta un considerable incremento en los últimos años, tanto en aguas someras como profundas, destacándose los trabajos de Meyer y Macurda (1976), Caycedo (1978), Caycedo (1979), Álvarez (1981), Gallo (1988a), Gallo (1988b), Borrero-Pérez et al., (2002), González et al., (2002), Bejarano et al., (2004), Benavides-Serrato et al., (2005), Gaitán-Espitia (2008) y Benavides-Serrato et al., (2011). Esto hace evidente la necesidad de elaborar mayores investigaciones al respecto, con el fin de tener una mejor apreciación de la diversidad y ecología de este grupo en Colombia. ...
This study represents a report of the echinoderm fauna found in shallow waters of the sector La Ahumadera, Cispatá Bay, Colombian Caribbean. The area is formed by a plain substrate type soft sand-mud colonized by sponges in punta Terraplén and sandy with seagrass (Thalassia testudinum), macroalgae and sponges in punta Robalo. Were identified ten species of echinoderms belonging to four classes (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea), distributed in eight families and nine genera. The number of taxa identified corresponds to 4.1% of the species recorded for the Colombian Caribbean, and shows the representation of species of echinoderms in this sector. The most abundant species in punta Robalo were Encope michelini (24.3%) and Ophiothrix angulata, while in punta Terraplén were O. angulata (36.7%) and Ophiactis savignyi (16.5%). Higher richness (S= 9), diversity (H’= 2.64) and evenness (U= 0.92) were found in punta Robalo compared to values from Terraplén (S= 6, H’= 2.39 and U= 0.83). Both stations showed a similarity index (Is) of 0.66.Among the species identified, the following are new records for the department of Córdoba: Holothuria floridana, Encope michelini and Mellita quinquiesperforata.
... ej. Álvarez -Larrauri, 1980; Gallo 1985 Gallo , 1988a Gallo , 1988b González, 2001). Los ofiuroideos en particular han sido pobremente estudiados, contándose hasta el momento con algunos listados de especies y solo breves descripciones del hábitat de cada una de ellas. ...
Ophiuroids are conspicuous dwellers of exposed and cryptic microhabitats available in coral reefs. This investigation pretended to discern ophiuroid community composition at microhabitats available in sponges and other reef components of different character (biotic vs. abiotic) or position over the substrate (elevated vs. non-elevated), at shallow reefs within the Montastraea spp. zone at San Bernardo Archipelago (Colombian Caribbean). Evaluating the abundance of organisms related to availability of different microhabitats, schemes of exclusive or preferential occupation of a particular elevated component were determined. These schemes, are discussed as initial cues that suggest the existence of benefic ecological relations. Samplings were performed at three stations. Four 20 meter transects were surveyed on each station, three during daytime and one during night. Presence and abundance of ophiuroids and microhabitat availability (area or volume) were quantified visually. Eleven types of microhabitats were identified. Vertical microhabitats and specially sponges and octocorals, were the most common substrate components at the study area. The ophiuroid community was composed by 22 morphotypes. Only Ophiopsila sp. 1 (with excavating habits) was restricted to one particular kind of substrate. Many other species did not use restrictedly any particular type of microhabitat, but used exclusively structures of particular characteristics (elevation, character or cripticity). The occupation of inferior surfaces of non-elevated components was determined by ophiuroid’s necessity of reaching cryptic conditions, and this necessity was linked to photosensitive species, or those especially vulnerable to predators, and to its consequent seek of protection. Elevated components and particularly 13 sponge species were characteristically occupied by Ophiothrix angulata – O. orstedii complex and by O. suensonii. Sponges with different morphologies are discussed to bring differential advantages to dwelling ophiuroid species. It is suggested that a probable benefic ecologic relationship (not obligated) exists between these brittle-star species and some of the most frequently occupied sponge species. Nevertheless this must be appropriately tested by experimental work. KEY WORDS: Ophiuroids, Microhabitat preference, Epibiosis, Sponges.
... ej. Álvarez -Larrauri, 1980; Gallo 1985 Gallo , 1988a Gallo , 1988b González, 2001). Los ofiuroideos en particular han sido pobremente estudiados, contándose hasta el momento con algunos listados de especies y solo breves descripciones del hábitat de cada una de ellas. ...
Los ofiuroideos son habitantes conspicuos de microhábitats expuestos y crípticos en arrecifes coralinos. Esta investigación pretendió conocer la composición de la comunidad de ofiuroideos encontrada en microhábitats ofrecidos por esponjas y por otros componentes arrecifales de diferente naturaleza (biótica
s. abiótica) y posición sobre el sustrato (elevada v s. no elevada) en los arrecifes de la zona Montastraea spp . en el archipiélago de Islas de San Bernardo (Caribe colombiano). Evaluando la abundancia de organismos en relación con la disponibilidad los diferentes microhábitats, se determinaron esquemas de ocupación exclusiva o preferencial de algún componente vertical particular, como insumo inicial de la existencia de relaciones ecológicas benéficas. Se realizaron muestreos en tres estaciones, en cada una se censaron tres transectos de 20 m de longitud recorridos durante el día y uno durante la noche, cuantificando visualmente la presencia y abundancia de ofiuroideos y la oferta (área o volumen) de todos los microhábitats. Se encontró un total de 11 tipos de microhábitats, siendo las estructuras de crecimiento vertical (entre ellas las esponjas y octocorales), los componentes más frecuentes en la totalidad del área de estudio. La comunidad ofiuroidea estuvo compuesta por 22 morfotipos. Solo Ophiopsila sp. 1 (de hábitos excavadores) se restringió a un solo tipo de sustrato en particular, en tanto que varias de las restantes se restringieron al uso de estructuras o espacios proporcionados por éstas, según condiciones particulares ofrecidas (elevación, naturaleza, cripticidad) y no según su identidad. La ocupación de superficies inferiores de componentes no elevados, estuvo determinada por la necesidad de ocupar espacios crípticos. Esta necesidad estuvo vinculada con especies fotosensibles, vulnerables a la depredación y a su inherente búsqueda de protección. Los componentes elevados y entre ellos 13 especies de esponjas fueron ocupados de manera característica por el complejo Ophiothrix angulata - O. orstedii y por O. suensonii . Se discuten los atributos de las esponjas (con diferentes morfologías) que proporcionan distintas ventajas para cada una de las especies ofiuroideas encontradas allí. Se sugiere la existencia de una probable relación ecológica no obligada entre estas especies de ofiuroideos y algunas de las esponjas más frecuentemente ocupadas, cuya existencia y naturaleza deben ser sometidas a comprobación experimental.
Los equinoideos comprenden uno de los grupos más influyentes en los ecosistemas arrecifales y litorales rocosos, debido a su importancia en las redes tróficas y reciclado de materia orgánica. En el Caribe colombiano existe un vacío de información sobre la ecología de estos organismos. La mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en la realización de inventarios y notas taxonómica, con el fin de estudiar la diversidad, la densidad poblacional y la distribución espacial de equinoideos regulares, en Isla Fuerte, Colombia. Se realizaron siete salidas de campo en Punta El Inglés, Latal y San Diego, entre noviembre de 2018 y septiembre de 2019. En cada localidad se realizaron censos visuales, aplicando la metodología de transecto lineal en banda (10 x 2 m). Se registraron 4.061 individuos representativo de seis especies, cinco géneros y cuatro familias. La especie que presentó mayores densidades fue Echinometra lucunter y, la de menor, Lytechinus variegatus. La riqueza de especies fue la misma para las tres localidades; sin embargo, Punta El Inglés presentó mayor diversidad, uniformidad y distintividad taxonómica promedio. El análisis de similitud de Bray-Curtis muestra una asociación entre San Diego y El Latal, mientras que Punta El Inglés forma una agrupación independiente. Los resultados de esta investigación representan una línea base para Isla Fuerte y puede ayudar a los gestores ambientales para sustentar herramientas y estrategias de manejo en este grupo de invertebrados
Knowledge of living crinoids from Brazil is chiefly restricted to the contributions of Dr Luis Roberto Tommasi between the decades of 1950 and 1970. Herein we present an updated catalogue of the crinoids occurring along the Brazilian coast, including data on synonyms, type localities, type material, geographical distribution, bathymetric ranges, and occurrences of species along the coast. The data is based on an extensive revision of the literature and on a survey of several databases. A total of 20 species were catalogued, of which two are endemic (Phrixometra longipinna var. brasiliensis and Thaumatometra minutissima). According to information from the literature, P. longipinna var. brasiliensis represents an undescribed taxon. Although Brazil supports the greatest number of crinoid species in the Southwestern Atlantic, its crinoid fauna remains understudied and likely underestimated. Research on crinoids remains a subject of great potential, not only for taxonomy but also for other areas of knowledge.
Annelids are invertebrates including polychaetes,
earthworms and leeches, among others (Rouse &
Pleijel 2001). Their body is segmented with
numerous rings; locomotion is based on body
perisltaltic movements aided by muscles and the
coelom. Most annelids have bristles or chaetae with
different levels of development and function.
Reproduction may be asexual or sexual and some
annelids can be hermaphrodites or gonochoric
(Brusca and Brusca 2016).
The Class Polychaeta is mostly marine, living in
nearly all environments from intertidal zones to
great depths (Rouse et al., 2002). The body is long
and thin and every segment has a pair of parapodia
with numerous chaetae (Fauchald 1977).
Polychaetes are generally predators, however
some are sediment feeders, filterers and others
may be associated with chemosynthetic bacteria.
They are mainly benthic, although some are pelagic
forming part of the plankton while others are
interstitial associated with sediments. The benthic
polycheaetes encompass the tubeworms and the
mobile forms, both represented in this visual guide.
In Colombia, the polychaetes of the Colombian
Caribbean are reported by Baez & Ardila (2003).
The present state of knowledge on the echinoderms of the Caribbean Cordobes is reviewed herein, offering information on number of families, genera and known species, their geographical distribution, its role in the marine bioprospection of the department of Cordoba, and finally and updated lists of the species is included.
RESUMEN La bahía de Taganga soporta una fuerte presión antropogénica que amenaza a las comunidades y ecosistemas marinos establecidos en este sector, especialmente a organismos sensibles a cambios ambientales y contaminación, como los equinodermos. En este estudio, se determinó la estructura de la comunidad del phylum Echinodermata en las aguas someras de la bahía de Taganga, con el fin de establecer una línea base para el monitoreo del impacto de las actividades humanas sobre la fauna marina de este sector turístico. Para el reconocimiento de las principales especies de este Phylum, se realizaron salidas de campo desde enero a septiembre de 2006, identificando los organismos presentes en el área, mediante censo visual y colecta manual. Los muestreos fueron efectuados en la zona intermareal a profundidades menores a 10m; los 283 especimenes colectados fueron identificados en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigaciones en Zoología y Ecología Marina en la Universidad del Magdalena, siguiendo las claves correspondientes para cada clase, género y especie. Se presenta una lista sistemática que incluye 18 especies de equinodermos distribuidas en cinco clases y doce familias para esta localidad; siendo las clases Echinoidea y Ophiuroidea las mejor representadas en términos de riqueza, con siete y seis especies, respectivamente, al igual que de abundancia relativa Palabras clave: Equinodermos, Caribe colombiano, diversidad, zona intermareal, aguas someras, Taganga.
Ecología funcional, diversidad funcional, rasgos funcionales de las especies, servicios ecosistémicos, propiedades de los ecosistemas. Resumen La diversidad funcional es uno de los aspectos de crucial importancia en el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En este documento de revisión, se analiza cómo la biodiversidad contribuye al bienestar humano a través de la provisión de bienes y servicios de los ecosistemas y, se presentan aspectos relacionados con los procesos ecológicos y su relación con la diversidad funcional de los ecosistemas. Se pretende explicar, de manera sencilla, los conceptos relacionados con la diversidad funcional, la importancia de los grupos funcionales y el papel de los rasgos funcionales de las especies como elemento clave en las respuestas de los organismos ante los cambios ambientales. La comprensión de la relación entre los procesos ecosistémicos, la diversidad funcional de las especies y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos, permite una mejor gestión de los ecosistemas naturales y su biodiversidad, posibilitando la conservación y uso sostenible de los diferentes tipos de servicios que ofrecen los ecosistemas.
Abstract
Functional diversity is one of the crucial aspects of the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. In this review paper, we analyze how biodiversity contributes to human well-being through the provision of goods and ecosystem services, and related aspects of ecological processes and their relationship with the functional diversity of ecosystems are presented. It aims to explain in a simple way, the concepts related to functional diversity, the importance of the functional groups and the role of functional traits of the species as a key element in the responses of organisms to environmental changes. Understanding the relationship between ecosystem processes, functional diversity of species and providing ecosystem services, allow better management of natural ecosystems and their biodiversity, enabling conservation and sustainable use of different types of services provided by ecosystems.
RESUMEN La bahía de Taganga soporta una fuerte presión antropogénica que amenaza a las comunidades y ecosistemas marinos establecidos en este sector, especialmente a organismos sensibles a cambios ambientales y contaminación, como los equinodermos. En este estudio, se determinó la estructura de la comunidad del phylum Echinodermata en las aguas someras de la bahía de Taganga, con el fin de establecer una línea base para el monitoreo del impacto de las actividades humanas sobre la fauna marina de este sector turístico. Para el reconocimiento de las principales especies de este Phylum, se realizaron salidas de campo desde enero a septiembre de 2006, identificando los organismos presentes en el área, mediante censo visual y colecta manual. Los muestreos fueron efectuados en la zona intermareal a profundidades menores a 10m; los 283 especimenes colectados fueron identificados en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigaciones en Zoología y Ecología Marina en la Universidad del Magdalena, siguiendo las claves correspondientes para cada clase, género y especie. Se presenta una lista sistemática que incluye 18 especies de equinodermos distribuidas en cinco clases y doce familias para esta localidad; siendo las clases Echinoidea y Ophiuroidea las mejor representadas en términos de riqueza, con siete y seis especies, respectivamente, al igual que de abundancia relativa Palabras clave: Equinodermos, Caribe colombiano, diversidad, zona intermareal, aguas someras, Taganga.
Se revisan los antecedentes y el estado actual del conocimiento, acerca de los equinodermos en el Caribe cordobés, se da información sobre el número de familias, géneros y especies conocidas, su distribución geográfica y su papel en la bioprospección marina del departamento de Córdoba; por último, se incluye la lista actualizada de las especies.
Resumen Se revisan los antecedentes y el estado actual del conocimiento, acerca de los equinodermos en el Caribe cordobés, se da información sobre el número de familias, géneros y especies conocidas, su distribución geográfica y su papel en la bioprospección marina del departamento de Córdoba; por último, se incluye la lista actualizada de las especies. Abstract The present state of knowledge on the echinoderms of the Caribbean Cordobes is reviewed herein, offering information on number of families, genera and known species, their geographical distribution, its role in the marine bioprospection of the department of Cordoba, and finally and updated lists of the species is included.
Resumen Se revisan los antecedentes y el estado actual del conocimiento, acerca de los equinodermos en el Caribe cordobés, se da información sobre el número de familias, géneros y especies conocidas, su distribución geográfica y su papel en la bioprospección marina del departamento de Córdoba; por último, se incluye la lista actualizada de las especies. Abstract The present state of knowledge on the echinoderms of the Caribbean Cordobes is reviewed herein, offering information on number of families, genera and known species, their geographical distribution, its role in the marine bioprospection of the department of Cordoba, and finally and updated lists of the species is included.
Resumen Se revisan los antecedentes y el estado actual del conocimiento, acerca de los equinodermos en el Caribe cordobés, se da información sobre el número de familias, géneros y especies conocidas, su distribución geográfica y su papel en la bioprospección marina del departamento de Córdoba; por último, se incluye la lista actualizada de las especies. Abstract The present state of knowledge on the echinoderms of the Caribbean Cordobes is reviewed herein, offering information on number of families, genera and known species, their geographical distribution, its role in the marine bioprospection of the department of Cordoba, and finally and updated lists of the species is included.
Colombia is recognized as a megadiverse country based primarily on terrestrial biodiversity. However, it has a coastline on the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean, home to many marine ecosystems, which in many cases have not been investigated. As expected, the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Colombia exhibit different geological, oceanographic, climatic, and social characteristics. This in turn gives rise to major differences in their biota, as well as the development of marine research on each coast. For this reason, this chapter separates the information for the Caribbean and the Colombian Pacific. It uses the ecological sectors of each coast proposed by INVEMAR in 2000. There are 388 species of echinoderms known from Colombia, 264 are in the Colombian Caribbean (22 crinoids, 67 asteroids, 80 ophiuroids, 51 echinoids, 44 holothurians) and 124 are in the Colombian Pacific (34 asteroids, 30 ophiuroids, 28 echinoids and 32 holothurians). For the Colombian Caribbean Sea, although there are information about echinoderms from intertidal and shallow water ecosystems such as rocky shores, coral reefs, sandy beaches, mangrove areas, seagrass beds, and soft bottoms, currently the most complete information is from deep sea ecosystems; specifically from soft bottoms and deep azooxanthellate coral communities, where echinoderms appear to be one of the most diverse and abundant megafaunal group together with cnidarians, mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. For Pacific echinoderms only, shallow ecosystems are described, including cliffs and rocky shores, coral reefs, sandy beaches, mangrove areas, and submerged rocky and sandy substrates. Rocky shores and coral reefs are the richest in species. In general, research in Colombia has focused on taxonomy and some ecological aspects. It is necessary to continue with these kinds of studies and to delve into issues such as structure of assemblages of species distribution, population densities, and relate them to environmental and oceanographic conditions in the area. All this information is important as a baseline for decisions on conservation in the current context of growing interest in oil exploration in the seabed and coastal development. With regard to fisheries and conservation, unlike the Colombian Pacific where no information is available, in the Caribbean Sea there are fishery records of some species of sea cucumbers. It is necessary to begin the study population dynamics and reproductive cycles of these fishery species. Some species, such as Ophiothrix synoecina, Diadema antillarum and Oreaster reticulatus, have been included in conservation initiatives such as the red book of marine invertebrates of Colombia. There are many issues about Colombian echinoderms to investigate, especially for the Colombian Pacific, about which knowledge is still very incomplete compared to the Colombian Caribbean. Thus it is important to continue with the study of both basic and applied issues and to start taking advantage of new tools such as molecular techniques to investigate cryptic speciation, population connectivity, species adaptation and conservation biology, considering that Colombia is a country with a privileged location to answer questions about the evolution of species in the Americas and has many resources to conserve and use sustainably.
This is a taxonomic work on the aspidochirotid sea cucumbers from shallow waters in Northeast Brazil. We studied 165 specimens, classified into 2 families, 3 genera, 7 subgenera and 9 species. Descriptions, illustrations and literature data are included for each species, in addition to ecological notes and information on their distribution in the northeast coast of Brazil. A taxonomic key is provided for the identification of the species.
This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela-Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa.
The Caribbean is considered a unique biogeographic province, being one of the top five hotspots in the world for marine and
terrestrial biodiversity. The echinoderm research on the Caribbean began in the middle of the nineteenth century, and during
the first half of the twentieth century most of the species were described. The number of ecological studies increased in
the 1970s that continues until today, mostly focused on Diadema antillarum. Based on an extensive review of published records, the Caribbean echinoderm fauna is composed of 433 species, 237 genera,
80 families, 29 orders in five classes, with four endemic species. The richest class is Ophiuroidea with 148 species followed
by the class Asteroidea with 116 species. Mexico and Colombia are the richest countries with 182 and 180 species respectively,
while Costa Rica and Guatemala are the less diverse with fewer than 50 species. In general terms, the Caribbean is very homogeneous
in species composition; however, Colombia and Mexico are the countries more dissimilar in composition with respect to the
rest of countries. This semi-enclosed sea represents 6.5% of the total diversity of the phylum worldwide, and is the second
most diverse area in tropical America, after Gulf of Mexico. Six species of echinoderms are extracted for commercial use,
mostly in Panama, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela and Cuba. However, extraction for the souvenir trade, without any regulation
and control, is one of the major threats for some animals—especially the sea star Oreaster reticulatus. Research priorities for this group in the Caribbean include exploration of the deep sea, the Central American region and
the Lesser Antilles. Moreover, because of its rich biodiversity, research and conservation efforts have to be directed towards
its preservation, avoiding illegal extraction, enforcing controls, and improving coastal zone management.
KeywordsEchinoderms–Diversity–Richness–Similarity–Historic account–Caribbean
As a result of the explorations carried out by the Colombian Marine and Coastal Research Institute (INVEMAR) between 1998–2002
along the Colombian Caribbean continental shelf and upper slope, the occurrence of azooxanthellate coral banks was suspected
at three sites (from the northern to southern Colombian Caribbean coast): off La Guajira Peninsula, at a water depth of 70
m; off Santa Marta, at 200 m, and nearby the San Bernardo Archipelago, at 150 m). Each site exhibited particular bottom features
(relief and substrate), suggestive of reef structures. The analysis of the fauna collected by bottom trawling at these sites
showed that many of the fishes, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, antipatharians, soft corals and bryozoans collected are
characteristic dwellers of hard substrates or reef bottoms. At the first site (Guajira) the hard coral Cladocora debilis, was the most abundant; a total of 156 species of invertebrates and fishes were identified among the material collected at
this site. At the second site (Santa Marta), 13 scleractinian species were collected, but Madracis myriaster, was the dominant species; another 102 species of invertebrates and fishes were also found. At the third site (San Bernardo)
19 scleractinian species were found, M. myriaster being the dominant. A total of 135 species of invertebrates and fishes were collected at this site. It is presumed that deep-sea
coral banks have developed in these three settings, since many of the collected species are known to be hard or reef bottom
dwellers.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.