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Saponion profiles and antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of momordica charantia of different varieties
Abstract
[Objective]: The content and composition of saponion of 13 different M. charantia varieties as well as the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase were studied. [Method]: Perchloric acid-vanilin-glacial method was used to determine saponin content, while HPLC method was used to measure the contents of 7 saponin components. In addition, their antioxidant activity was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The 4-nitrophenyl-2-β-D-glucopyranoside method was used to measure the a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and to analyze the relationship between the components and the corresponding activity. [Result]: There is a significant difference in contents of saponin in 13 different varieties of M charantia.The content ranges of saponin were 0.52-1.20 g/100g DW, with an average value being 0.79 g/100g DW, and the coefficient of variability being 21.65%. The average contents of components were as follows: momorcharaside A 5.32 μg•g⁻¹ DW, momordicoside A 25.42 (μg•g⁻¹ DW, karaviloside XI 3.96 μg•g⁻¹ DW, momordicoside F2 66.95 μg•g⁻¹ DW, momordicoside K 183.70 μg•g⁻¹ DW, (23E)-3p,7p,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al 40.13 μg•g⁻¹ DW, and kuguacin N 3.87 μg•g⁻¹ DW. ORAC values of the 13 M. charantia varieties varied from 2 747.76 to 15 584.07 μmol Trolox•g⁻¹, the average value being 8 879.48 mol Trolox•g⁻¹, the coefficient of variability being 34.91% and the IC50 value of alpha glucosidase varied from 1.55 to 4.96 mg•mL⁻¹. [Conclusion]: Significant differences in the components of saponin and the antioxidant activity and the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase of different varieties of M. charantia were detected. Saponin is the main active basis of a-glucosidase activity in M. charantia, but not the main antioxidant substance. (23E)-3p,7p,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al is the major active compound.
... In this study, the contents of saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids and total phenols in the flesh of 25 different varieties (lines) of Momordica charantia showed significant differences, and the variation was also large, with an average value of 5.02 µg/g, 38.36 mg/g, 2.64 mg/g and 7.68 mg/g, respectively. The average content of saponins was slightly lower than that of Liu et al. (2017), but higher than that of Cao et al. (2014) and Jiang et al. (2020). The variation of polysaccharide content was less than that determined by Cao et al. (2014), and the mean contents of flavonoids and total phenols were higher than those determined by Huang et al. (2011). ...
... Antioxidant activity is an important physiological activity of Momordica charantia, which is closely related to functional components of Momordica charantia (Huang et al., 2011;Yuan et al., 2006;Cao et al., 2014;Liu et al., 2017). The antioxidant capacity of different varieties of Momordica charantia was different. ...
... The antioxidant capacity of different varieties of Momordica charantia was different. Liu et al. (2017) found that the total antioxidant capacity index of total saponins of 13 different varieties of Momordica charantia ranged from 2 747.46 to 15 584.07 μmol Trolox/g, with an average of 8 879.48 μmol Trolox/g, and the coefficient of variation was 34.91%. The total saponins were not the main contributors to antioxidant activity of Momordica charantia. ...
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a medicinal fruit reported to have antidiabetic properties. To grow this tropical fruit year-round in temperate climates, greenhouse production is necessary, sometimes without insect pollinators. Suitable high yielding varieties with good bioactivity need to be identified. An experiment evaluated the yield of six varieties of bitter melon under greenhouse conditions and their bioactivity in terms of total phenolic and saponin compounds, and total antioxidant activity determined using four assays.
The larger varieties (Big Top Medium, Hanuman, Jade and White) were more productive than the small varieties (Indra and Niddhi) in terms of total fruit weight and yield per flower pollinated. The bioactivity (total phenolic and saponin compounds and antioxidant activity) of two small varieties and Big Top Medium were significantly higher than the other three large varieties.
Preliminary research has identified Big Top Medium as the most suitable variety for greenhouse production. Two antioxidant assays, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), were shown to provide the strongest correlations with phenolic and saponin compounds of bitter melon. The rich source of phenolic and saponin compounds and their associated antioxidant activity highlight bitter melon as a valuable food ingredient.
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