No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments Specification of energy assessment methodologies to satisfy ISO 50001 energy management standard
Abstract
Energy management has become crucial for the industrial sector as a structured approach to lowering the cost of production and in reducing the carbon footprint. With the development of ISO 50001 standard, energy management has enticed the attention of upper level management in terms of continuous improvement. The ISO 50001 standard requires an intensive energy assessment process to identify SEUs and EnPI, based on which target energy reductions can be realized. Such an energy assessment approach can be easily developed based on the IAC energy assessment protocol and other approaches so as not to “re-invent” the wheel but instead focus and refine the process to generate knowledge and information that would assist manufacturers to initiate and determine the focus areas for energy reduction and develop the ensuing documentation. The aim of this work is to develop an energy assessment methodology and reporting format tailored to the needs of ISO 50001. The developed energy assessment methodology integrates the energy reduction aspect of an energy assessment with the requirements of Sections 4.4.3 (Energy Review) to 4.4.6 (Objectives, Targets and Action Plans) in ISO 50001, thus enabling facilities to reduce the time and other resources required for facilitating the implementation of ISO 50001.
... [18] Energy management is the planning and execution of energy-related objectives, such as conservation, reduction of the environmental footprint and cost savings. [19] Source: Vide Table. In more recent elaborations, the concept is no longer limited simply to controlling and improving energy use and consequent cost savings but is integrated into the contemporary concept of energy management, the socioenvironmental aspects [19]. ...
... [19] Source: Vide Table. In more recent elaborations, the concept is no longer limited simply to controlling and improving energy use and consequent cost savings but is integrated into the contemporary concept of energy management, the socioenvironmental aspects [19]. ...
... The proposal entitled Totally Integrated Energy Management [29] recommends the creation of an internal administrative structure (department) as a factor that will contribute to the success of energy management but recognizes that this may not be feasible in most companies. The method of [19] highlights one of the critical stages in the implementation of an energy management system, the energy review of the organization, detailing how this stage should be conducted. Previous work has already shown that this phase is one of the main ones in the energy management process, encompassing measurements, monitoring and data analysis [32], [33]. ...
This article presents the evolution of practices and procedures developed and applied in energy management in organizational environments. The global evolution of energy management and the evolution of guidelines applied in organizational energy management are discussed, which were consolidated in norms and standards, whose peak was reached with the international standard ISO 50001. This article reviews the published works that bring with them some contribution related to the methods developed and applied in conducting the process of implementing an energy management system, where the implementation of the ISO 50001 standard stood out, mainly in industrial environments. In all the works reviewed, it is clear that the success in implementing energy management through the ISO 50001 standard was achieved due to the continuous support of the organization's top management and the involvement and commitment of all members of the organization
... Desde lo empresarial por otra parte, en el año 2011 la publicación de la norma ISO 50001:2018 permitió estandarizar los requerimientos necesarios para las empresas, mediante una metodología que propuso una mejora continua de la eficiencia energética y una disminución de las emisiones de gases a la atmosfera [9]. ...
... A parte de estos esfuerzos, el hombre también ha tornado su atención en adelantar trabajos investigativos enfocados a la contextualización e implementación de la norma NTC-ISO 50001:2018 en todos los sectores y en implementar un sistema con una metodología de PHVA (planear, hacer, verificar, actuar) [9]. Esta metodología de evaluación energética desarrollada integra el aspecto de reducción de energía con los requisitos de revisión a objetivos, metas y planes de acción de la norma, permitiendo así que se reduzcan los tiempos y otros recursos necesarios para facilitar la implementación de la norma [10]. ...
... La norma EN 16001: 2009 ofrece una gama de posibles metodologías que podrían utilizarse tanto para satisfacer el estándar como para garantizar el desarrollo y el funcionamiento de un sistema de gestión de la energía efectivo y documentado. Esta norma no establecerá ningún requisito de rendimiento energético ni garantiza resultados óptimos de energía [9]. ...
Con el objetivo de identificar y de brindar un estado generalizado, el presente artículo desarrolla pautas referentes a las actividades, técnicas, procedimientos y herramientas conducentes al establecimiento, implementación y mejoramiento continuo del sistema de administración del consumo de energía de la planta. Estas pautas a su vez, organizan un enfoque sistemático para lograr un desempeño energético que involucra eficiencia, seguridad, uso y consumo de la energía. El trabajo realizado ha permitido descubrir los potenciales de ahorro y saber cuál es el plan de acción que le permitirá a la compañía reducir continuamente costo del gasto energético y de la producción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Finalmente, se realiza una revisión detallada de las capacidades actuales de la empresa, identificando fortalezas y debilidades con miras a la implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de Energía basado en la norma ISO 50001:2018, ejercicio construido con la participación del personal clave de la empresa, junto con los gestores energéticos, encontrando aspectos favorables tales como el proceso comunicativo entre las áreas, la capacitación del personal y los sistemas de gestión y de planificación energética.
... Environmental sustainability, according to Olawumi and Chan (2018), is the practice of preserving ecosystems through responsible consumption and replenishment of the natural resources that support life on the planet. Energy efficiency is a crucial aspect of environmental sustainability and is included in Sustainable Development Goal 7 (clean and accessible energy) established by the United Nations (Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
... Effective energy management in hospitals is crucial for sustainable development and includes several key elements such as managing energy consumption (Acampa et al., 2020;Blass et al., 2017;Ryan-Fogarty et al., 2016), using green technologies (Franco et al., 2017;Khahro et al., 2021) and efficiently managing hospital building envelopes ( Alvarez, 2020;Balali and Valipour, 2021;Jain et al., 2021). Hospital energy consumption is on the rise due to the increased use of energy-dependent technologies and population growth (Kanneganti et al., 2017). Hospitals are major energy consumers due to their 24/7 operations and need for high-powered electronic equipment for clinical procedures requiring continuous heating, ventilation and lighting control (Vaziri et al., 2020). ...
... Energy consumption management involves developing and carrying out strategies to improve energy efficiency and environmental performance in organizations. According to Kanneganti et al. (2017), the International Standardization Organization (ISO) 50001 provides a systematic approach and guidelines for organizations to establish and reach energy management objectives, goals, plans and metrics. Many hospitals use the ISO 50001 Energy Management System (EnMS) standard to enhance their energy management practices. ...
Purpose
The issue of energy efficiency is becoming increasingly prevalent globally due to factors such as the expansion of the population, economic growth and excessive consumption that is not sustainable in the long run. Additionally, healthcare facilities and hospitals are facing challenges as their operational costs continue to rise. The research aim is to develop strategic frameworks for managing green hospitals, towards energy efficiency and corporate governance in hospitals and healthcare facilities.
Design/methodology/approach
This research employs a qualitative case study approach, with a sample of ten hospitals examined through interviews with senior management, executives and healthcare facilities managers. Relevant data was also collected from literature and analysed through critical appraisal and content analysis. The research methodology is based on the use of grounded theory research methodologies to build theories from case studies.
Findings
The research developed three integrated conceptual strategic frameworks for managing hospitals and healthcare facilities towards energy efficiency, green hospital initiatives and corporate governance. The research also outlined the concepts of green hospitals and energy efficiency management systems and best practices based on the conclusions drawn from the investigated case studies.
Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to the initiatives and experiences of the healthcare facilities studied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Originality/value
The research findings, conclusions, recommendations and proposed frameworks and concepts contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge. This research also provides recommendations for hospital managers and policymakers on how to effectively implement and manage energy efficiency initiatives in healthcare facilities.
... Environmental sustainability refers to the ability to preserve ecosystems, which involves the ability to consume and replenish the natural resources that support life on the planet (Olawumi and Chan, 2018). The use of energy in a sustainable way is one of the pillars of environmental sustainability and is among the objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) developed by the United Nations (UN), represented in SDG 7 (clean and accessible energy) (Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
... Three factors are responsible for the production of these gases in hydroelectric plants: the decomposition of trees affected by the flooding of areas used in the construction of reservoirs; the action of primary algae that emit carbon in gaseous form in the plants' lakes/reservoirs; and the accumulation of nutrients brought by rivers and rain in dammed areas that are decomposed by primary algae, leading to constant renewal in the production of these gases (Li et al., 2018). Meanwhile, significant growth in energy consumption is related to the intensification of the use of technologies, which are highly dependent on energy consumption, and to population growth (Kanneganti et al., 2017). Among the biggest energy consumers are hospitals (Vaziri et al., 2020). ...
... Energy consumption management consists of planning, executing and evaluating actions that enable organisations to improve energy efficiency and environmental performance. The International Standardization Organization (ISO) 50000 establishes a systematic approach and proposes guidelines to guide organisations in selecting and elaborating energy management objectives, goals, action plans and indicators (Kanneganti et al., 2017). Many hospitals are using ISO 50001 EnMS standard to improve energy management continuously. ...
Purpose
Energy-saving is a growing challenge worldwide because of population growth, economic activity and high consumption rates that are unsustainable in the long term. Health-care facilities and hospitals face the challenge of increases in operational costs. This paper aims to appraise challenges to adopting energy-saving policies and proposes a roadmap for sustainability and energy efficiency management in hospitals and health-care facilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight hospitals were examined as case studies through qualitative interviews with hospital senior management, executives and health-care facilities managers in addition to collecting relevant data from the literature; there is critical appraisal and content analysis of this data.
Findings
This study established factors influencing implementation and challenges to energy-saving strategies. This study proposed guidelines for efficient energy management in hospitals and health-care facilities. This study concluded that the best performance is secured by integrating the proposed guidelines with the adoption of ISO 50001 energy management systems to achieve the United Nations’ sustainable development goal – SDG 7 “affordable and clean energy”.
Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to the initiatives/experiences of the hospitals studied in the Middle East and North Africa region.
Originality/value
This study’s findings, conclusions, recommendations and proposed guidelines enrich the body of knowledge. This will allow industry key stakeholders, hospitals and health-care facilities managers to overcome challenges of implementing energy management. In addition, adopting the proposed guidelines will improve energy efficiency and help hospitals in green initiatives as they seek to demonstrate their support for United Nations’ sustainable development goals.
... Meanwhile, the significant growth in energy consumption is related to the intensification of the use of technologies, which are highly dependent on energy consumption, and to population growth (Kanneganti et al., 2017). Among the biggest energy consumers are hospitals (Vaziri et al., 2020). ...
... Environmental sustainability refers to the ability to preserve ecosystems, which involves the ability to consume and replenish the natural resources that support life on the planet (Olawumi and Chan, 2018). The use of energy in a sustainable way is one of the pillars of environmental sustainability and is among the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) developed by the United Nations, represented in SDG 7 (Clean and Accessible Energy) (Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
... Energy consumption management consists of planning, executing, and evaluating actions that enable organizations to improve energy efficiency and, consequently, environmental performance. The ISO 50001 standard (ISO, 2018) establishes a systematic approach and proposes guidelines to guide organizations in establishing and elaborating energy management objectives, goals, action plans, and indicators (Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
The increasing global consumption of energy and its negative impacts on the environment has been an issue discussed both by academics and practitioners, including in the health sector. Hospitals are major consumers of energy, which leads to increased operating costs, decreased competitiveness, and negative environmental impacts. Energy management in hospitals must be understood as a way to contribute to environmental sustainability and as a way to improve competitiveness. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to propose guidelines for efficient and sustainable energy management in hospitals, developed based on the literature review, the challenges faced and the good practices of sustainable energy management in the hospitals studied, the cross analysis of the case studies, and the authors' expertise. As a result, the eight proposed guidelines are related to culture change, energy consumption management, energy management standard, purchase of renewable energy, green technologies, sustainable hospital buildings, social responsibility programs focused on energy use, and sustainable energy public policies. These guidelines contribute in an applied/managerial way to help managers of public and private hospitals overcome the challenges of energy management and contribute to UN's SDG7 due to its potential to improve energy efficiency and environmental performance, therefore, being a movement towards clean energy. This study also theoretically/scientifically contributes to the academic debate since the empirical findings found in the hospitals studied and the proposition of guidelines deepen and expand the key elements identified in the literature on efficient energy management in hospitals, providing the basis for developing new research on the subject.
... The process level can be used for evaluating energy performance in separate processes [16], and it can also be used for aggregated levels [33]. The study by Kanneganti et al. covered three types of EnPIs, namely: plant, production line, and process [34]. A recent study by Beisheim et al. [33] proposes a method that utilizes local EnPIs and an Energy Baseline (EnB) from the process level to the evaluation of a company or site. ...
... The lack of development of supporting tools to be used by energy management during EnPI development the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) cycle for energy optimization in SMEs and she proposed that the planning phase include initiation, energy audit, and action plan [39]. Kanneganti et al. integrated energy planning from ISO 50001 with other standard assessment procedures to develop a reporting format to support the implementation of ISO 50001 [34]. The authors emphasized the energy assessment of intensive entities through performance indicators, in which intensive entities were named as major energy consumers [39], significant energy users [34], and energy-intensive utilities [40]. ...
... Kanneganti et al. integrated energy planning from ISO 50001 with other standard assessment procedures to develop a reporting format to support the implementation of ISO 50001 [34]. The authors emphasized the energy assessment of intensive entities through performance indicators, in which intensive entities were named as major energy consumers [39], significant energy users [34], and energy-intensive utilities [40]. Energy planning is also widely addressed in terms of national or regional levels, but this is different from the energy planning defined by energy management at the industry level [41]. ...
Energy efficiency improvements can enhance industry’s decarbonization. A major challenge however is that the energy efficiency potential often remains untapped, due, among other things, to the lack of information on energy end-use and available energy efficiency measures. Further, this lack of information also makes the deployment of energy efficiency difficult to monitor and evaluate. The creation of a standard or taxonomy on how to categorize energy end-use for major industries would help to close this knowledge gap. This paper presents a novel taxonomy for energy end-use in the food industry, with four hierarchical levels. Further, results show that the production process utilizes two-thirds of the total energy used in the food industry and only one-third is used for support processes. Another result is that heat processing and space heating are the most intensive unit processes in terms of energy and carbon dioxide emissions for production and support processes, respectively. The paper also presents an array of energy performance indicators for the identified energy-intensive processes. The case study was carried out in the Swedish food industry. However, taxonomy and energy performance indicators can be generalized internationally. In addition to the above results, this research presents a novel concept of the energy planning framework, which helps with simple and effective planning of energy improvement activities in an industrial context. The energy planning framework can help in benchmarking, setting targets, and monitoring energy performance in the industry.
... Since the first industrial revolution, the use of energy has grown significantly. The replacement of handwork by machines has enabled the manufacturing sector to dictate the pace of economic growth, and the use of energy played an essential role in this [22]. Currently, considering only the industrial and commercial sectors, energy use is responsible for almost 40% of greenhouse gas emissions [23]. ...
... In this sense, energy management systems are important in their ability to support organizations seeking to increase energy efficiency and minimize their negative environmental impact [17,31,32]. In this context, the standard ISO 50001 performs an important role in guiding organizations to implement an energy management system [15,22]. Presenting a structure increasingly similar to the others ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards, the integration of ISO 50001 with them is facilitated [33]. ...
... This is especially worrying since the lack of support from top management hinders the implementation of an energy management system. According to Kanneganti et al. [22], when the implementation happens without managers' commitment, the savings expected with the increase in energy efficiency do not occur as planned. ...
Considering the importance of ISO 50001 in sustainable development, the objective of this research is to identify the challenges found by organizations during the implementation of ISO 50001:2011, according to the literature. To address this objective, a systematic search was conducted. Scientific papers from the following international databases were used: Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Scopus, Springer, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis. Permutations of the terms “ISO 50001” and “Challenges”, “Barriers”, “Lacks”, “Gaps”, “Obstacles”, “Problems”, and “Limitations” were searched. Following this strategy, 206 documents were found. After removing book chapters, articles from proceedings, duplicate articles, and articles that did not mention any challenge related to ISO 50001, 17 articles were left. Eleven challenges were found in these articles. The most cited challenges were: “Lack of Resources-Limitations (HR, Technologies, Infrastructure, Financial, Time)”, “Difficulty to determine the energy baseline and energy performance indicators”, “Human Resources deficiencies (competences, knowledges, and abilities)”, and “Lack of management support and/or commitment”. The challenges most cited shows the need for better planning before implementation as well as a comprehensive analysis of the organization’s requirements and features. The findings of this research show that this theme is still underexplored. The results presented can contribute to future industrial policies to potentialize countries’ economies.
... Despite geographic, cultural and social conditions, the enterprises of any type and size are developing systems and processes for improvement of energy efficiency [6][7][8]. Successful implementation depends on liabilities taken at all levels and across all functional areas [9,10]. It is supposed that implementation of energy management would reduce the costs on energy by means of systematic control over energy taken at all levels and across all functional areas [9,10]. ...
... Successful implementation depends on liabilities taken at all levels and across all functional areas [9,10]. It is supposed that implementation of energy management would reduce the costs on energy by means of systematic control over energy taken at all levels and across all functional areas [9,10]. It is supposed that implementation of energy management would reduce the costs on energy by means of systematic control over energy sources. ...
Increasing energy efficiency is included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by the year 2030. Enhancing energy efficiency is also one of the priority areas for improving the operational efficiency of any oil production enterprise. The energy management system of enterprises has been founded and implemented on the basis of the international standard ISO 50001:2018 and it works successfully. The energy efficiency strategy is formulated in the energy policy and integrated into the business model of the companies. Companies receive significant energy savings in the exploration and production segments through technical, technological, and organizational measures. This article shows the main directions for improving the energy efficiency of the artificial lift well stock and the results of their implementation. The main constraints on the implementation of the energy efficiency policy of oil-producing enterprises have been identified and directions for improvement of energy-saving structure have been proposed. The article proposes strategic-level classification of energy-saving measures, which is based on assessment and comparison of implementation costs, payback period, and takes into account investments into artificial lift technology, therefore allowing investment priorities in the energy management sphere to be distinguished. Advanced directions for investment in oil-production technology have been identified, and an algorithm of development and implementation of key indicators of energy consumption efficiency has been proposed.
... ISO 50001 is based on five principles enabling a company's energy efficiency not only to be continuously monitored but also to be evaluated regularly [8]. The standard and thus the principles are based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle [15,9] which therefore enables continuous improvement of the process [9]. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the process, not only need all parts to be completed, but also an iteration between them must be performed [15]. ...
... ISO 50001 is based on five principles enabling a company's energy efficiency not only to be continuously monitored but also to be evaluated regularly [8]. The standard and thus the principles are based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle [15,9] which therefore enables continuous improvement of the process [9]. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the process, not only need all parts to be completed, but also an iteration between them must be performed [15]. ...
The topic of energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important both financially and economically. In view of rising energy prices and the importance of industry 4.0 in today’s technology, this work is exactly the ravages of time. In order to bring a lucrative and businessable product onto the market today, it is necessary to optimize components in order to achieve the best possible output. In particular, this work relates to reducing the energy costs of a manufacturing process with digital measurement techniques and current visualization options. This work was carried out at the Graz University of Technology using modern energy measurement devices and advanced communication techniques. The main purpose of this work is to build a digital energy consumption display in the LEAD Factory at the Institute of Innovation and Industrial Management. Special importance is attached to the creation of use cases for a workshop at the institute in order to impart a broad knowledge to the participating students. By measuring the energy consumption of the workstations and the modern equipment, it is possible to monitor the energy consumption of a running production in real time. The result shows how a digital monitoring system can be integrated into a manufacturing process line for low budget. Furthermore, it enables the operator to monitor consumers with an increased energy consumption which can then be optimized.
... These stages include the energy analysis, the detection of saving areas and the needs of the target area; in order to establish a procedure for controlling the sources of energy consumed, analysis of the best alternatives, control and reduction of consumption points. The cycle is closed with periodic reviews and the improvement of the system in order to obtain maximum energy efficiency without reducing the level of benefits (Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
... These documents can be internal, such as the energy management manual, procedures and work instructions, as well as external, such as rules, standards and specifications (Restrepo et al., 2014). 4. Verification: The purpose of this stage is to implement procedures to monitor, periodically measure and analyze the main processes that can have a significant impact on the use of energy (Kanneganti et al., 2017). To do this, the data to be controlled, the type of control, periodicity, control reason, control method, type of measurement and the indicator are established. ...
This paper presents the analysis of energy management and financial planning that is carried out in the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems in urban areas of the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. A questionnaire with a Likert scale and 36 items was designed, which was answered by subjects with managerial functions of the 16 companies dedicated to the implementation of photovoltaic (PV) projects in Barranquilla. The instrument was validated by expert judgment with a reliability of 0.84 with Cronbach's Alpha. For the analysis of results, techniques of central tendency and variability were used. The results show that energy management in the implementation of PV projects is moderate, indicating that there is no predominant presence of indicators of improvement and energy performance in these projects. Financial planning has a moderate significance, indicating that the financial analysis methods that are being used in these PV systems projects have a basic analysis.
... Despite the design of health, their ecological footprint can negatively impact human well-being (Dion & Evans, 2024). The primary focus of hospitals is to both enhance public health and minimize their environmental footprint, which is part of UNSDG 7 (clean and accessible energy; Kanneganti et al., 2017). ...
This study, drawing on a resource—based view and information processing theory as a foundation, aims to examine the influence of total quality management on corporate sustainability directly and through the mediating role of business process integration, knowledge sharing, and the moderating role of innovative culture. Data was collected from 286 managers and supervisors of selected private hospitals in Ethiopia using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling. Data analysis is conducted using SmartPLS4. The result of this study demonstrate that total quality management significantly influences corporate sustainability, both directly and through the mediating role of knowledge sharing and business process integration. Moreover, this study found that innovative culture has a moderating role in the relationship between total quality management and corporate sustainability. However, innovative culture is not moderating the relationship between knowledge sharing and corporate sustainability. This study focuses only on private hospitals in Ethiopia and data is collected from managers and supervisors using convenience sampling technique. Therefore, the findings cannot be generalized and may not be extended to public hospitals. Further research should test the model in different socio-economic and cultural settings, as well as in public hospitals. The findings of this research have practical implications for managers and policymakers in the private healthcare sector during decision-making and strategic planning.
... Theoretically, the researcher reviewed the requirements of the ISO 50001 energy management system [9] . On the practical side, the researcher worked on implementing the ISO 50001 energy management system at the Zai Water Treatment Plant, collecting data, and comparing it to the data collected before application. ...
This study sought to determine the impact of implementing the energy management system ISO 50001 on the Zai Water Treatment Plant's energy efficiency performance and demonstrate how this implementation affected the cost and rate of energy consumption. The proposed study model contained three dependent variables—energy consumption, energy efficiency, and the cost of energy consumption. It also contained an independent variable—the energy management system ISO 50001. All these variables were used to develop various questions to help accomplish the study's goals. Planning was done by selecting pumping stations, selecting the most energy-consuming type of pump, and finally, choosing a pump maintenance project to improve energy performance. The researcher used the case of the Zai water pumping station as an example where the ISO 50001 energy management system was applied along with the stages of the Deming Cycle of management. Four pumping units from the Zai water pumping station served as the research sample for the study.
•Find the impact of implementing the ISO 50001 energy management system on the energy efficiency performance of the Zai water treatment plant.
•The effects of implementing ISO 50001 energy management system on cost and energy consumption at the Zai water treatment plant.
•What effect does the ISO 50001 energy management system affect the Zai Water Treatment Plant's energy efficiency?
After applying the ISO 50001 energy management system, several conclusions were drawn. Energy costs and consumption rates in the pumping units dropped while the energy efficiency in the chosen pumping units increased.
... As mentioned by Kanneganti et al. (Kanneganti et al., 2017), the following components of the energy planning section of the standard were considered to address the objective of the article. 1. ...
The ISO 50001:2018 standard establishes a standardized set of concepts and practices for energy management of industrial assets and processes, providing criteria to establish policies, processes, procedures, and tasks related to energy management to meet established energy objectives. This article presents the application of these tools in thermal power generation systems in Colombia to analyze their energy performance, study possible saving potentials and propose strategies to improve their energy efficiency. As a result, a savings potential of 18568.4 GWh and 2008.7 GWh in 15 years was found for operation, maintenance, and production planning, respectively.
... The available scientific databases feature only individual publications relating to the effectiveness of energy management systems for compliance with ISO 50001 (Włas, Kanneganti et al., 2017). Arguably, this is due to the fact that the systems are a relatively recent development thus: ...
Purpose: The article presents a set of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of an energy management system (EnMS) based on the authors’ own research findings. Design/methodology/approach: The work uses qualitative methods such as systematic review of literature, analysis of the content of existing documentation, participatory observation and self-observation. Findings: The literature on the subject features few publications dedicated specifically to energy management systems. Moreover, no practical solutions with a set of practical metrics to be applied in the regular process of realising energy programs and goals exist. Hence, the authors propose a model of assessment. Practical implications: The set of indicators presented in the article offers good practical value and high application and adaptation potential. The model may be applied in individual businesses in the chemical sector or as a benchmarking tool in capital groups or a group of entities demonstrating functional connections. Consisting of the universal part (indicators for goals and processes) and the sector-relevant indicators, the model may be adapted for use in other sectors through appropriate corrections for the sector-relevant criteria. Originality/value: The assessment model presented in the article fills a publication void and represents an innovation. It is intended for use in managing and supervising energy-related activities in various organisations. It shall prove of assistance to system users and auditors alike. Keywords: effectiveness, effectiveness indicators, energy management, systems. Category of the paper: Research paper.
... In this regard, energy management systems are important in their ability to support organizations seeking to increase energy efficiency and minimize their negative environmental impact [10,11]. In this context, the ISO 50001 standard plays an important role in guiding organizations in the implementation of an energy management system [12,13]. By presenting a structure that is increasingly similar to the other International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, the integration of ISO 50001 with them is facilitated [14]. ...
The work deals with the study of the Energy Planning stage according to the ISO 50001:2018 Standard at the Hotel Punta la Cueva in Cienfuegos, Cuba. The current energy management indicators for hotels are well-studied. However, the study aims to incorporate the variable Degree-Days in the Room Days Occupied (RDO) to establish a correct Baseline and Energy Performance Indicator. The methodology followed is based on the energy management standards of energy review stage. The fundamental results were in obtaining the Energy Baseline with a Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 0.97. One of the opportunities for improvement consisted of the replacement of 80 bulbs 15 W with 9 W LED bulbs. It has an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 28%, a Present Value Net Income (NPV) of 71.5 USD, and an Investment Recovery Period (PRI) of 3.6 years. The second opportunity is a preliminary project for a Photovoltaic Solar System on the roofs of the buildings, where it is possible to install 1011 photovoltaic and achieve a generation of 384 kilowatt-peak (kWp).
... The methodology is expressed in terms of Continuous Improvement or Deming Cycle (Kanneganti et al. 2017) and has 6 cyclical Phases, see Fig. 7, associated with a continuous improvement scheme, which allow progressively to achieve I4.0, The phases are as follows: ...
The establishment-application of the Industry 4.0 approach (I4.0), both in new and established enterprises, requires on their part, an understanding of this approach, where technology is a consequence of applying the precepts and concepts of ths approach that gives an indication of what should be improved in the processes. In I4.0, the changes are given “Not on what is done but on how is done”, searching the customization of mass products through agile procedures and configurable processes and making successive improvements towards a green enterprise. In this work we show a methodology that allows, under the I4.0 approach, to make the respective mapping on the production process (enterprise), establishing the gap between the current state of the company and what is desired with I4.0, generating a diagnosis to establish an acceptable path of implementation.The design of the methodology is based on the integrated automation of production processes from the perspective of the Holonic Unit of production that contains the I4.0 approach
... There is a shortage and lack of transparency in the case studies presented and the lack of adoption CSFs of ISO 50001 in power plants (Fuchs et al., 2020;Thollander et al., 2020;Kanneganti et al., 2017;Szajdzicki, 2017a; António da Silva Gonçalves and Mil-Homens dos Santos, 2019). iii. ...
The sustainability issues of energy management are among the open challenges that lack an integrative sustainable framework and need urgent solutions in the power plants. Extant literature has neither defined energy management sustainability adequately, nor developed any sustainable framework in the power plants. In light of this, the study responds to this research gap through achieving four objectives: (1) To create a coherent research taxonomy with a new scope, (2) To systematically analyze current challenges and future trends, (3) To identify the critical success factors (CSFs) of the energy management system (EMs) in the power plants, and (4) Develop a smart integrated framework to ensure the success and sustainability of EMs in power plants. The methodology is based on two approaches: the theoretical approach through comprehensively systematic literature review (SLR) and establishing a coherent research taxonomy to extract the CSFs. In contrast, the second approach is based on the judgment of technicians and energy experts working in power plants to develop a sustainable framework via a case study in the power plant. The SLR finding was employed with expert judgment to develop a smart model. The IBM-SPSS and PLS-SEM software were utilized to analyze data in the case study. The study was validated using three methods: first, content validity test through the SLR and expert arbitration. Secondly, the construct validity test via composite reliability (CR), Cronbach's alpha (CA), and average variance extracted (AVE). Thirdly discriminant validity test through Fornell and Larcker Criterion. The normality assessment by Skewness and Kurtosis has also been checked. All the results proved the validity and reliability of the integrated framework for sustainable EMs in power plants. The results for CA and CR were above 0.7. and the results of AVE were more than 0.5. The data normality value of skewness and Kurtosis are +/-2. Thus, the case study results indicate that it was acceptable and confirmed the literature results. Also, it confirmed the success of the proposed sustainable framework. The results fulfilled the normative requirements for validity and reliability. This study succeeded in developing a smart and sustainable framework for the future directions of energy management in power plants, which is a novel outcome of this study.
... ISO 50001 is standardisation for energy-based practice and based on the energy management system model of continual improvement also used other well-known standards such as ISO 14001. Kanneganti et al. [18] discussed that ISO 50001 provides a reasonable basis for improving energy management in industries that have well defined and structured processes. As Figure 1 ISO 50001 indicates a set of criteria for energy usage and consumption, such as measurement, documentation, and reporting, as well as design and procurement methods for equipment, systems, processes, and employees that contribute to energy performance. ...
Many authorities launched their energy sustainability plan that involve the sustainable energy management scheme to improve energy efficiency. The sustainable energy management scheme consists of several measures to encourage energy efficiency in three primary energy consumers by pursuing implementation measures in the industrial, commercial, and residential sectors. Meanwhile, energy performance is quantifiable in energy efficiency and energy consumption become one of scheme measure aspects. In this review, the ASEAN Energy Management Scheme (AEMAS) was discussed as a regionally structured training and certification system for ASEAN Energy Managers. Besides that, Energy Management Gold Standard (EMGS) is AEMAS's first regional achievement certification for global excellence in energy management systems. Previous literatures exposed the key to energy efficiency goals is behavioural change, which means individual attitudes affect energy consumption.
... In the future, dissemination and promotion of the implementation of ISO 50001 will be very important to achieve maximum benefits. Building awareness among organizations and companies, the public, and decision-makers is an important driving factor [30][31][32]. Thus, the benefits offered from implementing this standard can be optimized. Benefits that can be taken include increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing energy assets and energy resources, adopting new technologies, speed in decision making, building employee awareness about energy and environmental issues, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, providing and increasing linkages within the framework of energy efficiency throughout the supply chain [33][34][35]. ...
Increasing demand of energy consumption lead to significant support effort to support the sustainable supply by exploring a new resource, development technology, and strategy of energy-mix. In line with this, the development and implementation of management systems in energy utilization play an important role. Based on several studies the implementation of ISO 50001 has significant to improve the performance of energy management, saving of the energy cost, and reduction of CO 2 emission. This paper will be reviewed the state of the art of implementation of this standard, benefits, and challenges based on literature studies from several scientific journals and publications released by international organizations, associations, and government policies. Some selected case studies describing quantitative energy performance affected by the implementation of ISO 50001 at the international level with different sectors and some role models from Indonesia are described. Moreover, the challenges and difficulties facing by the implementation of this standard were also reviewed.
... The methodology is expressed in terms of Continuous Improvement or Deming Cycle (Kanneganti et al. 2017) and has 6 cyclical Phases, see Fig. 7, associated with a continuous improvement scheme, which allow progressively to achieve I4.0, The phases are as follows: ...
Janus Methodology: Integrated automation in industry 4.0, an approach for the digital transformation of enterprise Metodología Janus: Automatización integrada en industria 4.0, un enfoque para la transformación digital de empresas Resumen La instauración-aplicación del enfoque de Industria 4.0 (I4.0), tanto en nuevas empresas como en las ya establecidas, requieren, entender el enfoque, donde la tecnología es consecuencia de aplicar los preceptos y conceptos del enfoque que dan el indicativo de que se debe mejorar en los procesos. En I4.0, los cambios están dados "No en lo que se hace sino en cómo se hace", buscando la personalización de productos en masa por medio de procedimientos ágiles y procesos configurables, y realizando mejoras sucesivas hacia una empresa verde. En este trabajo mostramos una metodología que permita bajo el enfoque de I4.0 realizar las proyecciones respectivas sobre el proceso productivo (empresa), estableciendo la brecha entre el estado actual de la empresa y lo deseado con I4.0, generando un diagnóstico para establecer una ruta admisible de implantación. El diseño de la metodología es basado en la automatización integrada de procesos de producción desde la óptica de Unidad Holónica de producción que contiene el enfoque de I4.0. Palabras clave: Industria 4.0, Metodología para la automatización, Transformación Digital, Mejoramiento Continuo, Automatización Integrada.. Abstract The establishment-application of the Industry 4.0 approach (I4.0), both in new and established enterprises, requires on their part, an understanding of this approach, where technology is a consequence of applying the precepts and concepts of ths approach that gives an indication of what should be improved in the processes. In I4.0, the changes are given "Not on what is done but on how is done", searching the customization of mass products through agile procedures and configurable processes and making successive improvements towards a green enterprise. In this work we show a methodology that allows, under the I4.0 approach, to make the respective mapping on the production process (enterprise), establishing the gap between the current state of the company and what is desired with I4.0, generating a diagnosis to establish an acceptable path of implementation. The design of the methodology is based on the integrated automation of production processes from the perspective of the Holonic Unit of production that contains the I4.0 approach
... basándose en los objetivos ambientales y económicos. Se centra en la planificación y ejecución de objetivos relacionados con la energía, como la conservación de recursos, la reducción de la huella de carbono y el ahorro de costos (Kanneganti et al., 2017) Un sistema de gestión de energía (SGEn) es un marco documentado que define los objetivos, políticas, procedimientos y los procesos mediante los cuales se mantienen y mejoran. ...
Las actividades de caracterización tecnológica, energética y organizacional desarrollada en una empresa productora de fertilizantes en Barranquilla, se fundamentaron en los requerimientos establecidos en la Norma ISO 50001:2018, la cual fue auspiciada por UNIDO (Organización de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial) y emitida por la organización ISO el 6 de junio de 2011 a nivel mundial, acogida en Colombia por ICONTEC para el 20 de enero de 2012, posteriormente actualizada el 19 de septiembre del 2018 y se conoce actualmente como norma ISO 50001:2018. En cuanto a potencial de ahorro de la planta, el potencial de ahorro asociado a buenas prácticas de manufactura en la que el consumo no está asociado a la producción se puede reducir en un 9,5%, lo que se traduce en 1408 kWh/día. Para el consumo de energía eléctrica existe una producción critica (PCRIT) de acuerdo con la tecnología de la planta, calculada en 1400 Tm/día y una producción promedio (PPROM) de la planta de 1304 Tm/ día, el cual se traduce en 3623 kWh/día.
... This can lead to better sustainable business development and performance. In turn, Kanneganti et al., (2017) claim that energy management has become crucial for the industrial sector as a structured approach to lowering the cost of production and in reducing the carbon footprint. It is worth mentioning that unused energy is the cleanest method, without negative environmental effects, to improve energy efficiency and at the same time it is the most cost-effective way to reduce energy costs (Tallini & Cedola, 2016;Dzene et al., 2015). ...
The main purpose of the research was to determine to what extent the standardized energy management system according to ISO 50001 influences the improvement of processes implemented in supply chains operating in Poland and Slovakia. The research was based on a online survey. Survey recipients were representatives of the top management of the surveyed organizations. Based on the research and literature analysis, it can be concluded that the standardized energy management system has a positive impact on the improvement of the SCM. The considerations presented in the article should be helpful for enterprises and supply chains, whose representatives of the top management are considering implementing the requirements of the ISO 50001 standard. It is worth noting that the renowned literature on the subject lacks research and studies on the impact of the implementation of the ISO 50001 standard on the functioning of enterprises and supply chains in Eastern Europe. The obtained research results will therefore contribute to the development of the theory as they provide answers to new research questions and should prove useful for both practitioners and theorists.
... The ISO 50001 is expected to enable all the features and tools for the industries by which the local industries can examine their processes and systems related to energy performance [69], efficiency and intensity [70]. In addition, by executing the standard ISO 50001, the organisations will have the options to appliance a holistic energy management system that includes energy targets, objectives and policy [78]. The features of the standard ISO 50001 can also be modified based on the organisation's requirement [79]. ...
Industrial energy efficiency is acknowledged as a cost-effective mean contributing to sustainable development and industrial competitiveness. Implementing energy management practices becomes even more imperative for developing countries, considering their energy usage trends and economic development forecasts. Based on the circumstances, an empirical investigation is conducted on energy efficiency and management practices, as well as barriers and drivers to energy efficiency in the energy-intensive industries of Bangladesh. The study finds that majority of the companies barely implement the energy management practices. Energy audits represent the mostly implemented energy management practice at the industries, though a comprehensive approach on a detailed level is still lacking. In addition, this study finds that the number of dedicated and specialised energy professionals employed in the industries is yet negligible. The cumulated results show that energy efficiency is mostly disrupted due to inadequate support from preeminent administration and bureaucratic intricacy. Energy blueprint cost-saving due to less use of energy and rules and regulations were distinctively signified as most imperative drivers for energy efficiency. On the other hand, lack of information is found to be the most significant barrier to consult energy service companies. Analysis of the country’s energy usage and supply-demand relationship points towards insufficient energy efficiency measures and energy management practices in the country. The study also finds that energy efficiency could be improved by 8% to 10% through the practice of energy management. Our findings, besides pointing out specific issues to be tackled in the specific context of investigation, pave the way for further research over industrial energy efficiency in developing countries.
... Scientific literature on energy management systems based on the ISO 50001 standard is scarce. Most papers on ISO 50001 EnMS deal with energy management systems in companies, for which even a standardized protocol for energy assessment has been developed [7]. Regarding energy management in industrial companies, several assessment models have been proposed and put to test [8]. ...
Managing energy use by municipalities should be an important part of local energy and climate policy. The ISO 50001 standard constitutes an internationally recognized catalogue of requirements for systematic energy management. Currently, this standard is mostly implemented by companies. Our study presents an approach where consultants supported 28 European municipalities in establishing energy management systems. A majority (71%) of these municipalities had achieved ISO 50001 certification by the end of our study. We also conducted two surveys to learn more about motivations and challenges when it comes to establishing municipal energy management systems. We found that organizational challenges and resource constraints were the most important topics in this regard. Based on the experiences in our study we present lessons learned regarding supporting municipalities in establishing energy management systems.
... El origen de esta investigación nace ante la necesidad de reducir la incertidumbre en los resultados que se obtienen de los indicadores energéticos de una planta de productos de acero, además, que en su Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Energía no se dispone de un mecanismo eficaz para establecer una línea base confiable en sus principales indicadores energéticos. La disponibilidad de una línea base también es una exigencia para las empresas que deciden implementar la norma ISO 50001, como es el caso de la empresa bajo análisis [2,3]. En relación con la implementación de la norma ISO 50001, en Aimee et al. (2017) se indica que una gestión energética basada en la implementación de esta norma, al año 2030, se lograría un ahorro del 50% en el consumo global de energía en los sectores industrial y servicios junto a una disminución de 6500 millones de toneladas métricas de emisiones de CO2 [4]. ...
The objective of this research was to find regression models for four energy performance indicators for a steel company in Chile and propose a baseline for each of them. The methodological approach considered the use of the experimental design technique specified by the user of Statgraphics software, use of variance analysis and obtaining regression equations. The results allow obtaining regression equations for the energy indicators and identification of statistically significant variables in each model, in addition, proposals for baselines to support control and monitoring. The conclusions indicate that the regression equations have an acceptable correlation, greater than 77%. The use of the analysis of variances is an effective technique to identify significant variables for the indicators of energy performance and that the baselines provide an aid to monitor the energy performance indicators in a steel company with greater certainty. Keywords: base line, energy performance indicators, linear regression, steel company.
... It can be considered indicators for energy management quality to assist facilities to address processes to find solutions to problems in a continuous improvement process. The implementation of this standard utilizing software's attributes and procedures has been decreasing the energy use and providing environmental benefits (Kanneganti et al. 2017). ...
... It facilitates an organization to promote & apply a policy to detect possible improvement areas for energy consumption & reductions. The standard does not incorporate any explicit criteria compared to other standards by ISO; therefore, organizations find it convenient to conform energy management in their system [17]. ...
Industry 4.0 concept is captivating the attention globally in a substantial rate that encompasses industrial digitalization with the means of advanced technical features. Maintaining the highest standard of industrial processes, Industry 4.0 demands to ensure energy efficiency also. Industries must ensure energy efficiency during the process flows, keeping in mind about the energy cost, carbon emission, and resource efficiency. Unfortunately, despite a significant potential for energy efficiency exists, that can be addressed by industries, implementing energy management practices. However, industries are still disinclined to take advantages of such opportunities. Research in this domain has little explored the potential relationships between energy management and Industry 4.0. In the paper, we aim at offering an overview of industrial energy management and related tools as well as Industry 4.0, preliminary discussing potential opportunities and synergies.
... Energy management systems (EnMS)is considered one of the most efficient methods used to reduce energy consumption on industrial processes or at a company level (Abdelaziz et al., 2011). They are a systematic documented procedure with the objective on minimize energy costs., without affecting production and quality by defining objectives, policies and procedures that will be are maintained and improved (Schulze et al., 2016;Kanneganti et al., 2017). ISO 50001, supports the guidelines to develop an EnMS, based in a flexible framework that allow companies to integrate energy efficiency systems into their management practices (Angarita et al., 2019). ...
Compressed air is one of the most widely used application energies in the industry, such as good transportability, safety, purity, cleanliness, storage capacity and ease of use. In many countries, compressed air systems account for approximately 10% of the industry's total electricity consumption. Despite all its advantages, compressed air is expensive, only between 10% to 30% of the energy consumed reaches the point of final use. Energy is lost as heat, leaks, pressure drop, misuse, among others. Energy efficiency measures such as: reducing compressor pressure, lowering air inlet temperature, adequate storage capacity, recovering residual heat from the air compressor and reducing leakage, can produce energy savings between 20% to 60%, with an average return on investment lower than two years. This paper analyzes the main energy efficiency measures that can be applied in the CASs, the potential energy savings, implementation costs and return rate of each of them are being calculated giving a necessary tool for companies in their objectives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption.Keywords: Compressed air systems, electricity consumption, energy efficiency, energy savings,JEL Classifications: Q47, L94, N66DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9059
... The current research guidelines focus on studies related to energy management performance, based on the ISO Standard 50001. The development of the ISO Standard 50001 and energy management have attracted the attention of senior management of industry towards implementing continuous improvement processes, as stated by Kanneganti et al. [22]. Regarding the implementation of the standard's guidelines, Pelser et al. [23] developed and implemented an energy performance report covering the verification of ISO Standard 50001, in a South African cement plant where the cost of electricity was reduced by 25%. ...
The main target of climate change policies in the majority of industrialized countries is to reduce energy consumption in their facilities, which would reduce the carbon emissions that are generated. Through this idea, energy management plans are developed, energy reduction targets are established, and energy-efficient technologies are applied to achieve high energy savings, which are environmentally compatible. In order to evaluate the impact of their operations and investments, companies promote measures of performance in their energy management plans. An integral part of measuring energy performance is the establishment of energy baselines applicable to the complete facility that provide a basis for evaluating energy efficiency improvements and incorporating energy performance indicators. The implementation of energy management systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO Standard 50001 is a contribution to the aim and strategies for improving cleaner production in industries. This involves an option for the industry to establish energy benchmarks to evaluate performance, predict energy consumption, and align production with the lowest possible consumption of primary and secondary forms of energy. Ultimately, this goal should lead to the manufacturing of cleaner products that are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, and are in accordance with the global environmental targets of cleaner manufacturing. This paper discusses an alternative for establishing energy baselines for the industrial sector in which several products are produced from a single raw material, and we determined the energy consumption of each product and its impact on the overall efficiency of the industry at the same time. The method is applied to the plastic injection process and the result is an energy baseline (EBL) in accordance with the requirements of ISO 50001, which serves as a reference for determining energy savings. The EBL facilitates a reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in sectors such as plastics, a sector which accounts for 15% of Colombia’s manufacturing GDP.
... It can be considered indicators for energy management quality to assist facilities to address processes to find solutions to problems in a continuous improvement process. The implementation of this standard utilizing software's attributes and procedures has been decreasing the energy use and providing environmental benefits (Kanneganti et al. 2017). ...
Definitions The energy modelling can be described as the process of creating or using a model that focus on energy as an economic resource (Samouilidis 1980). It consists in to capture characteristics of real systems and represents in a computer the behavior that the system would present in the same boundary conditions as in reality (Chwif and Medina 2007). In addition, energy models can have data incorporated which allows to make better decisions in the processes of buildings design and controls. Thus, energy modelling is a way to increase the performance and control an energy system.
... The principle underlying these standards is the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. Many studies have proposed various guidelines to facilitate and develop an energy assessment methodology for ISO 50001 such as Chiu et al. (2012) [33], Gopalakrishnan et al. [34], and Kanneganti et al. [35]. In addition, an energy management maturity model [36] can be used to guide organizations in their energy management implementation efforts in order to incrementally achieve compliance with standards. ...
The ISO 50001 energy management system (EnMS) standard was published in June 2011 and has been widely adopted by organizations from around the world, including Thailand. From 2014–2017, there was a continuous increase in the number of ISO 50001-certified companies in the East Asia and Pacific regions and, more broadly, the world, although this is not consistent with the number of companies that emerged during this period in Thailand. This information shows that the implementation of energy management in some companies may not be sustainable. This research offers a novel method for assessing the quality of energy management in the form of an energy management system sustainability index (EnMS SI) framework, presenting the economic, organizational, energy performance, and environmental aspects of sustainable energy management. Data collection, from a literature review of related research and the EnMS good practices, was implemented in order to select sustainability indicators and further develop a sustainability index for energy management. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted arithmetic mean (WAM) were used to establish an EnMS SI. The study results were then assessed and validated using 31 ISO 50001-certified companies in Thailand. Direct interviews and questionnaires were used to obtain responses from energy management representatives. The studied data indicated that an EnMS SI framework can be used in qualitative analyses to effectively determine the sustainability of an EnMS. Significant sustainability indicators, consisting of continuous benefits, top management commitment, and long-term strategic planning, were found. The results also revealed that the EnMS in Thailand has been significantly economically weak. The EnMS SI framework is a tool for assessing energy management sustainability, which allows for the determination of an organization’s actual strengths and weaknesses. The benefits of this framework include the possibility of determining guidelines for correcting and improving the EnMS to achieve sustainability.
... ISO 50001 standards have been designed to enable organizations to integrate their energy performance into management practices within a known framework. IS0 50001 EnMS forms a framework related to the subject and follows the PDCA (plan-do-check-act) processes as in other management systems [12]. ...
The number of airports has recently increased due to the fast growth of the aviation industry and the increment in the number of new destinations added to the flight network. The dynamic structure, 24-hour servicing, performing flight operations safely, and the provision of comfortable conditions for passengers in terminal buildings, has led to an increase in the energy consumption of airports. Energy management has become an important topic for the continuous improvement of energy performance in airports as they are sites with high and intense energy consumption. In this chapter, an energy management model is proposed for airports considering sustainable development principles. The proposed energy audit models are applicable to an international airport terminal building.
... Newly published ISO 16745, focused on carbon audit for buildings [36], has not yet attracted much attention from researchers. In contrast, ISO 50001 or ISO 50002 has been frequently studied [37,38]. The literature search completed so far could hardly find any published studies on ISO 16745 and only a few papers mentioned ISO 52016 [39]. ...
The building and construction sectors account for more than one third of the global energy consumption. In order to understand the status quo of building energy around the world, a study, as reported here, reviewed the energy consumptions of the major countries/places, their energy policies and rating schemes and standards applicable to building energy use. The review shows that countries with abundant energy resources tend to consume more energy per person than those with less energy resources. Some developing countries have green building rating schemes in place, but many others have not adopted any building energy standard. For those countries who have the standards in place, they may find it difficult to implement the standards in reality. In addition, some new building energy standards have been released lately; studies that make reference to such standards are yet to be seen. Research in future should investigate how the building energy standards could be effectively adopted to reduce building energy use.
... Keywords: Energy efficiency, convective phenomena, heat exchangers, heat transfer enhancement. energía ISO 50001 en todo el mundo, que establece como objetivo principal el mejoramiento de los sistemas de gestión de energía en las organizaciones, para así mejorar la eficiencia energética, la seguridad energética y el uso y consumo de la energía desde un enfoque sistemático [6]. Este uso eficiente de la energía es una necesidad que debe ser aplicada y lograda en todos los sistemas que demanden algún tipo de energía. ...
Los procesos de cambio de fase en flujos en ebullición son procesos que tienen mayores coeficientes de película que los casos que involucran fluidos monofásicos. Existe un crecimiento exponencial de la demanda de eficiencia de los sistemas térmicos, especialmente para las aplicaciones de refrigeración, aire acondicionado y generación de energía por vapor. Esto se debe a los aumentos en los precios de combustibles y al aumento de normas en el uso eficiente de la energía como consecuencia del cambio climático y los ahorros en infraestructura energética. Dado el creciente interés en las últimas décadas en las técnicas de intensificación de calor, el presente trabajo muestra las técnicas pasivas y activas más utilizadas en la intensificación de calor que son utilizadas para mejorar el intercambio de calor mediante ebullición convectiva.
Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Düzce’de faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin yönetim sistemi standartlarına sahip olma durumlarının ve öneminin ortaya konmasıdır. Nitel araştırma deseninin kullanıldığı araştırmada, veriler doküman inceleme ve görüşme teknikleri ile elde edilmiştir. Düzce’de faaliyet gösteren 57 üretim işletmesinden toplanan veriler meslek gruplarına göre kategorilere ayrılmıştır. Üretim tesislerinin içinde bulundukları sektörlere özgü gerekliliklere göre edindikleri standartlar, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, IATF 16949, ISO 27001, ISO 50001, ISO 10002, ISO 13485 ve ISO 22000 olarak tanımlanmıştır. Söz konusu standartların uygulanma durumu, koşulları ve sektördeki önemli özelliklerine ait çıkarımlar yapılarak sonuçlar paylaşılmıştır.
As stated in the academic literature, energy management by industrial companies in general, and industrial SMEs in particular, must be a central aspect on the road to meeting sustainable development objectives, as they are responsible for more than 40% of global energy consumption. It is an element closely linked to the circular economy due to its influence on the promotion of renewable energies, energy consumption and emissions generated. For this reason, the process of adopting an energy management system based on ISO 50001 in an industrial SME has been analyzed, as well as its influence on economic and environmental results. The findings show the link between the EnMS and the circular economy with implications for academics and public authorities.
El presente proyecto de investigación es innovador ya que busca que las empresas de Colombia conozcan e implementen la Norma ISO 50001 considerando que proporciona un enfoque sistemático, que permite que se estructuren de una forma más eficiente él uso y consumo de la energía, la norma busca que las organizaciones consuman lo necesario sin afectar la productividad ni la calidad de vida de los empleados, es conocido que a nivel mundial el aumento en la demanda de energía eléctrica ha llevado a la necesidad de adoptar medidas de ahorro y eficiencia energética, para Colombia no es incierto ya que el País busca la optimización de los procesos ayudados de un modelo más económicamente sostenible gracias a la transición energética. El documento "Transición energética: un legado para el presente y el futuro de Colombia" se enfoca en establecer mejoras para las organizaciones en cuanto a la eficiencia energética en los diferentes sectores de la economía, incluyendo el transporte, la industria, los edificios y el sector público. El propósito de este proyecto es dar a conocer la norma ISO 50001 aprobada en el 2011, como una alternativa innovadora que ayude a optimizar los procesos de producción y mejorar los indicadores de consumo energético en las empresas. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se implementa un tipo de investigación cuantitativa con un enfoque descriptivo y tecnológico, considerando las etapas de planeación y diseño bajo tres fases, para la primera fase se conocen las herramientas aplicadas en la norma buscando todo lo que compete con la identificación y los requisitos que se deben tener en cuenta para la implementación en las organizaciones, en la segunda fase se investiga la normativa y los beneficios que tienen las empresas al implementar un SGE a nivel Nacional, para la tercera fase se toman casos estudios de empresas que han implementado sistemas de gestión y se realiza un análisis de cuales fueron los beneficios y como se desarrolló el trabajo, la innovación del tema busca que todo el personal de las empresas conozca la gestión energética y ayuden aportando en el desarrollo de la organización y mejorar los indicadores de consumo energético. El análisis muestra que la implementación de la gestión energética aumenta la productividad y la competitividad, logrando ahorros de energía al rededor del 10% para el primer año y hasta el 20% para el segundo año y ayuda a la mejora continua del mismo, usando como estrategia la aplicación del ciclo PHVA (planear, hacer, verificar y actuar). Al identificar las áreas donde se consume más energía, se clasifican los usos significativos de energía, y las variables de control que son pasos clave que ayudan a disminuir los valores de consumo y obtener grandes resultados, en el área de mantenimiento los equipos que se les lleva control mejoran su rendimiento en un 15%, con la implementación se pudo observar que además se tienen beneficios económicos con la mejora de la producción, la reducción en los costos de mantenimiento y fortalece la imagen corporativa en las organizaciones.
Increasing energy need brings people one step closer to energy saving and alternative sources. The search for reliable and sustainable resources also contributes greatly to technological progress. Thanks to advanced technology, energy use becomes more efficient. However, the concept of sustainability emerges in the field of energy as in other sectors. It is expected that electric vehicles, which have started to increase in interest in recent years, will make a positive contribution to issues such as environmental protection and sustainable energy. In addition, production centers for electric vehicles should also be sustainable and sensitive to carbon emissions. In this study, energy and carbon loss assessment was carried out in an electric bus manufacturing factory. With the help of linear regression analysis, the data of the last 3 years were evaluated. Moreover, as a result of internal audits, energy loss points were determined. As a result of this study, sustainability, carbon loss, and energy management issues in an electric vehicle production factory were evaluated and guiding qualities for today's and future technology companies were revealed.
A viable remedy for lowering hazardous greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint is through the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Electric vehicles minimize fossil fuel reliance and ozone-damaging compounds by supporting large-scale renewable deployment. However, EV modeling and manufacturing are continuing to change despite extensive study on the qualities and characteristics that are evaluated from time to time. This is due to restrictions on EV adoption and their charging infrastructure. The present study addresses the numerous modeling approaches and optimization strategies used in studies of EV, hybrid, plug-in hybrid, battery, and fuel cell EV penetration and adoption rates in the market. The study is unique for a developing country like India in that it addresses crucial challenges in adoption and the lack of charging facilities for EV consumers. In addition, when renewable energy sources are unavailable, the development and deployment of the vehicle-to-grid concept is an innovative strategy to provide auxiliary supply to the grid. It is concluded that considering the unique features of EVs is vital to their adoption and mobility.
The operation of airports is considered as particularly energy intensive and with the use of conventional energy sources, significant amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted, fueling the existential crisis of global warming. Hence, this study investigates the energy management system (EnMS) of Midtjyllands Airport with respect to its energy consumption, energy sources, and energy-related GHG emissions. The intention is to develop a sustainable energy strategy to close the gaps in their energy and carbon management by applying the methods of ISO 50001 EnMS and Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) Program. The findings reveal a total energy consumption of about 1 GWh including electricity (53%), natural gas (47%), and others (0.1%) while emitted GHGs account for in total 203 tCO2e. With regard to the developed baseline trends, the designed objectives comprise (1) net zero GHG emissions without offsetting by 2030, (2) 40% reduction in energy consumption by 2025, and (3) 40% reduction of two energy performance indicators (EnPIs) by 2030. The achievement of the objectives is summarized in a nine-point action plan including the major actions of identifying significant energy users (SEUs), improving thermal state of total building envelope and heating system, as well as replacing the current electricity and natural gas contract with a renewable electricity and biogas contract, respectively.
Well-structured Energy Management Maturity Models (EMMMs) are advanced and easy-to-use energy management (EM) approaches for energy management systems (EnMSs), providing both qualitative metrics and improvement guidelines. And the metrics serve the most valuable role. To furnish the users in different contexts (regional or industrial) with optimal applicability, an EMMM should deliver the most specific, precise, and valid metrics. It requires the latest explorations of this domain to evolve from the existing prototypes and keep improving the theoretical hypotheses about EM maturation, particularly for emerging economies like China. Accordingly, this study attempts to propose a highly practice-based Energy Management Maturity Model for China (EMMM-China), intending to make twofold contributions to this domain. For the methodological perspective, this study has demonstrated a set of highly referable strategies to felicitously formulate a model’s metrics. A solid knowledge base for deducing hypotheses, encompassing both EM imperfections and good practices, was crucially constructed by taking in empirical experience from scientific literature and over 70 domestic cases. On this basis, five maturity levels and four maturation phases were justifiably defined. To validate the reliability of the model, three industrial cases were repeatedly assessed by EMMM-China in a longitudinal study design. And for the outcome perspective, EMMM-China serves as a new ISO 50001-based model for global users. The High Level Structure (HLS) of ISO 50001:2018 and numerous widely recognized success factors for EM were both adopted. With extended knowledge that goes beyond EnMS standards, EMMM-China enables long-term applicability to even certified organizations. The proposed model is believed to work on China and other emerging economies as a referable meta-approach.
In recent years, many areas of the industrial sector have experienced fast technological advances and, therefore, have required even more specific tools to control and evaluate their production processes. Statistical Process Control (SPC) is one of the most powerful tools developed to help in effective quality control. Through the control charts, deviations of representative parameters of the process can be detected, reducing the amount of products out of specifications and thereby production costs. This paper aims to use SPC to analyze the variability and stability of a painting process in an office supplies industry. The tools used were the mean and range control charts and the capability analysis. The data were collected taking into account the sequences that make up the paint application process, seeking to offer an improvement in the quality levels of this process to reduce production costs. The results found are of great importance for the company, as control limits that have been established and will allow the process monitoring. In cases where the analysis diagnosed the process remaining out of control, it was necessary to study its causes of variability.
Energy management can be understood as the sum of all the measures and activities that are planned or carried out to minimize the energy consumption of a company or institution. It influences the organizational and technical processes, as well as the behavior and work patterns, in order to reduce, within economic restrictions, energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. Structuring a literature review to build knowledge and select journals for theoretical foundation is essential. In view of this fact, the present study aims to characterize the theme “Energy Management Audit based on international standards”, as well as its foundations, theoretical outline and the research opportunities identified in the literature. The method used was Proknow-C (Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist). As a result, 15 relevant articles were found and aligned with the research theme in an international database. It was also possible to identify the main approaches proposed by the authors of the bibliographic portfolio in relation to energy management audits based on international standards.
Isomorphism can be understood as the process that leads one population to resemble another in the same environmental conditions. Isomorphic pressures are felt differently depending on the size of the organization and can disturb the adoption of Energy Management Systems, such as ISO 50001. Given institutional differences, how can government´s coercive pressures impact the spread of ISO 50001 in each size group? To what extent can they influence the overall spread of certification? This article applies the Bass diffusion model to assess the ISO 50001 certification over the 2016-2040 period, using a system dynamics modeling approach. It proposes an extension of the diffusion model related to market stakeholder pressure, based on institutional theory. The results showed that financial and fiscal incentives provided the most significant impact on the overall number of certified industries. Large companies are the most relevant segment for certification without additional policies, while smaller ones benefit significantly from incentive programs. This study reinforces the relevance that stakeholders have in promoting greener standards and initiatives, and offers useful lessons on the dynamics of adopting energy management systems.
Airports are very important facilities for global transportation. Energy plays a key role for the comfort needs of passengers and the safe operation of aircraft. In airports with high energy consumption areas, energy management allows the reduction of both costs and environmental impacts. Therefore, the phenomena that affect energy consumption in airports need to be identified. In this study, the factors affecting energy consumption in airport terminal buildings were determined by regression analysis and mathematically modeling. In addition, energy-induced Global Warming Potential (GWP) was determined and its change was explained mathematically. It was seen that with each change in passenger causes a 1.59 kWh energy and 1.44 kg CO2 eq. change. However, each increase in the number of degree days causes a 3468.6kWh energy and 1428 kg CO2eq. increase.
Industrial energy-efficiency programs (IEEPs) are defined as one of the most popular government policies that aim to reduce energy consumption in industrial energy-intensive sectors. In this paper, we review and classify the most important academic studies that have addressed the environmental and economic aspects of IEEPs using a systematic review. The classification of energy policy instruments has been developed based on an analytical approach. We discuss also the outputs, benefits, and barriers of IEEPs, besides a comprehensive argument about the restrictive policies on the rebound effects made after the implementation of these programs. The results disclose that China, USA, and Sweden are the most addressed countries on IEEPs and their applications. In this regard, incentive energy policies e.g., voluntary agreements and subsidies have been applied more than others in the last decade. Furthermore, most of the reviewed studies emphasize energy price reform as an effective practical policy while a few analytical methods can be seen to help policy-makers determine the optimal levels of decision variables. Finally, according to the state-of-the-art analysis, the authors provide some novel recommendations to improve the performance of IEEPs, using some restrictive policies on the negative impacts of rebound effects.
Organizations have made environmental sustainability as one of the factors to consider in business because of the increasing pressures and concerns that impact on business activities, human health, and the planet. In the healthcare business, it is possible to develop environmental sustainability from results obtained in other organizations. An increasing number of hospitals are becoming more interested in environmental sustainability for improving public and environmental health and reducing operating costs. Green Healthcare (GH) is the use of environmental sustainability strategies applied in healthcare organizations. This research aims to identify and systematize good practices and difficulties in hospital organizations in the development/operationalization of GH principles. To develop this research, a review of the scientific literature was carried out to identify the principles of GH and the critical success factors that impact its development. The principles identified were leadership, chemicals, waste, energy, water, transportation, food, pharmaceuticals, buildings, and purchasing. Based on the principles, critical success factors, and multiple cases study research method, six hospital organizations from the State of São Paulo that participated in the Global Green and Healthy Hospitals Agenda were investigated. As a result of this research, a systematization of actions is done to develop/operationalize the GH principles in hospital organizations. The main scientific contribution of this research is the theoretical densification of the principles of GH based on the scientific literature. The practical contribution of this research is to provide managers intrinsic information for the development and operationalization of GH in hospital organizations.
Since the beginning of the aviation industry, fossil fuel is being used as the only source of fuel to power airplanes. Each year the popularity of aviation industry among the passengers is increasing dramatically because of its short journey time. Therefore, the demand of fossil fuel is also increasing to support the additional need. However, the stock of fossil fuel is reducing and will all be consumed within a couple of decades. In addition to this, the increment of greenhouse gas has become another issue, which should be dealt with urgently in order to not contribute to global warming. Because of these upcoming problems, another source of fuel and a significant development in aircraft design are a must for the future of aviation industry. Some new sources of fuels are being tested as alternative fuels. Solar power, biofuels, and hydrogen fuel are some of them. New techniques for aircraft design have also been developed within the last couple of years. To make these new ideas available, all the aircraft manufacturing companies and engineers should work collectively.
Organizations are spending large amounts of money on their energy consumption. The scarcity of energy resources, along with their price volatility, has become a major concern for all industries. Consequently, the need for managing and conserving energy has recently gained larger attention. A good management always pursues savings opportunities with minimum investments; hence, establishing an energy management system can provide the right approach to detect opportunities and sustain improvements. This article proposes the Lean Six Sigma energy management model (LSS_EnMS) based on the framework of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 50001 for energy management, supported by the LSS approach define, measure, analyse, improve and control (DMAIC). The LSS_EnMS model applies the DMAIC approach to the energy management process in companies and incorporates the needed tools to define system requirements, analyse energy data, establish a systematic approach to identify energy opportunities and finally to guarantee sustainable system improvements. The model has shown the compatibility of Six Sigma approach with the ISO 50001 framework and has provided guidelines for effective system implementation. A prominent pharmaceutical company in Jordan was taken as a case study to show the significance of this model, and how this approach can lead to valuable and advantageous results in terms of real case application.
The research paper focuses on the assessment of the application of the International Standard ISO 50001 by municipalities to facilitate the implementation of their sustainable energy action plans. Traditional energy management schemes are combined with provisions of the standard by applying measurable energy indicators. The methodology is tested on the Saldus municipality of Latvia. Discussions address crucial issues like availability of energy data, lack of measurable indicators in action plans and challenges in the application of standard procedures in the municipality.
In this paper, analysis of the energy audit of Food processing industry and Distillation and Bottling Company in Ota, Nigeria has been carried out. A walk-through energy audit of these industries was undertaken to identify the major sources of energy in use, identifying the lapses in energy usage, identifying areas to improve energy usage, determining the level of consumption of the energy sources and recommending policy measures that will enhance energy savings in the industries and Nigerian industries at large. The study observed that among a wide variation of end-use electricity consuming equipment, electric motors were the major consumer of electrical energy, accounting for 40-47% of total electric energy. Also from the identified energy use sources in the two industries, it was observed that fuel energy expended in operating the generating set, boilers or heaters in the industries had the highest value of energy use accounting for more than 65% of the total energy used. It was observed that none of the companies under review sufficiently utilized their energy as they all have their energy used ratio far below 1. This was as a result of some factors that contributed to energy waste and energy use inefficiency in the companies. Among these factors are: Poor in housekeeping of air-condition and refrigeration equipments and electric motors that dissipate much heat, use of electric motors that are weak and generate excessive noise because they have been rewound more than twice, improper lagging of boilers that lead to losing much heat, switching on of the lighting points in the day time and generation of electrical energy more than needed in the industry by some electric generator. The study concluded that energy is not sufficiently utilized in these companies and recommendations for efficient energy usage in the industries were proposed in this study.
Energy standard ISO 50001 will require industries to quantify improvement in energy intensity to qualify for certification. This paper describes a four-step method to analyze utility billing, weather, and production data to quantify a company"s normalized energy intensity over time. The method uses 3-pararameter change-point regression modeling of utility billing data against weather and production data to derive energy signature equations. The energy signature equation is driven by typical weather and production data to calculate the "normal annual consumption", NAC, and divided by typical production to calculate "normalized energy intensity" NEI. These steps are repeated on sequential sets of 12 months of data to generate a series of "sliding" NEIs and regression coefficients. The method removes the effects of changing weather and production levels, so that the change in energy intensity is a sole function of changing energy efficiency. Deficiencies of other methods of calculating NEI are identified. The method is demonstrated in a case study example.
The efficient use of energy is of prime importance in all sector of the economy. Energy cost is a significant factor in economic activity on par with factors of production like capital, land and labor [1]. The imperative of an energy short-age situation calls for energy conservation measure, which essentially means using less energy for the same level of activity. A comprehensive energy audit of Vitamalt Nigeria Plc, Agbara was carried out using portable thermal and electrical instruments with the objective of studying the present pattern of energy consumption and identifying the pos-sibilities of saving energy in the plant. Collected, was a five year (2000-2004) data on energy consumption of Vitamalt Nig. Plc. The data were evaluated and analyzed to determine the present energy performance level of the firm. A com-plete energy balance of the factory was carried out to relate energy input, conversion efficiency with production output in order to identify areas of energy wastages/losses and savings that can be achieved. Energy performance parameters such as Energy intensity, Energy productivity and Normalized performance indicator (NPI) were used as a measure of assessing the energy performance of the plant. The NPI calculated over the span of five years gave an average of 1.2 GJ/m 2 indicating a FAIR range in energy performance level classification (1.0 -1.2) while significant savings and im-provement in energy usage is achievable. Maximizing efficiency of existing system, optimizing energy input require-ment and significant capital investment in procuring new energy conserving equipment must be made for the energy performance level to fall into a good range classification (less than 0.8).
Management system for energy (EMS) to be built as a rounded and effective management system of the document in the organization can be improved continuously through the energy saving monitoring, internal audit, management review etc. Currently that system still hasn’t been widely established. The problem is that the energy service organization doesn’t know how to help the enterprise to establish and run EMS. Through the concept and frame analysis of EMS, we propose a method how to establish and run EMS. The method is to identify all energy factors firstly, analysis the energy factor to be controlled prioritily, then draw up to set up the management project and make the system document. All the energy factors in the system's document are required to be able measurable. EMS is run by means of recording and investigating each energy factor in the energy using process, and carry out the purpose of the energy target.
Neither energy can be created nor can be destroyed, so the main purpose of Building Energy Management Systems Software is to control the energy devices to make effective utilization of energy. All efforts are being put reduce energy consumption and decrease the carbon footprint. There are many alternative renewable energy sources to harvest naturally but currently these devices are costly for daily use. The ISO 50001 Standard has been proposed in 2001 for efficient use of energy in all commercial buildings which consume more energy. Our paper explains about implementation of ISO 50001 standard at software level and successfully reduce the carbon footprint. The paper includes compared results of non ISO and ISO 50001 Standard.
Energy audit is the key to a systematic approach for decision-making in the area of energy management. Energy audit will help to understand more about the ways energy and fuel are used and help in identifying the areas where waste can occur and where scope for improvement exists and to retrofit for energy conservation equipment etc. Energy audit can be classified into two types namely preliminary audit and detailed audit. This study deals with mythologies to quantify the energy losses both electrical and thermal energy and provide the help in comprehensive energy auditing to establish the conclusion to arrive the retrofit equipments and also to arrive the optimum conditions particularly the boiler operations. The equipment considered for retrofit to the rotary equipments such as pumps, fans and compressors in the chemical process industries in which energy saving can be achieved are variable speed drives. Variable speed drives operation can be understood from the affinity laws. The example an energy saving in forced draft fan and induced draft fan in a boiler which produces steam for the process are considered and discussed. A quick method of combustion calculations and the theoretical air requirement by graphical method is given. Primary and secondary air blowers supply air required for the good combustion of coal in a balanced draft maintained in the furnace is discussed.
Greenhouse gas emissions in Lebanon mainly come from energy activities, which are responsible for 85% of all CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions from energy use in manufacturing industries and construction represent 24% of the total emissions of the energy sector. Lebanese manufacturers' accounted for 39.15 million gigajoules of fuel consumption for heat and power generation in 1994, including both fuel used directly and fuel burned remotely to generate electricity used in the sector. In addition to being processed by combustion, CO2 is generated in calcining of carbonates in the manufacture of cement, iron and glass. Electricity, the most expensive form of energy, represented 25.87% of all fuel used for heat and power. Residual fuel oil and diesel, which are used mainly in direct combustion processes, represent 26.85 and 26.55% of all energy use by industry, respectively. Scenarios for future energy use and CO2 emissions are developed for the industrial sector in Lebanon. The development of the baseline scenario relied on available data on major plants' outputs, and on reported amounts of fuels used by the industrial sector as a whole. Energy use in industry and the corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Lebanon are projected in baseline scenarios that reflect technologies, activities and practices that are likely to evolve from the base year 1994 to year 2040. Mitigation work targets a 15% of CO2 emissions from the baseline scenario by year 2005 and a 20-30% reduction of CO2 emissions by year 2040. The mitigation options selected for analysis are screened on the basis of GHG emissions and expert judgement on the viability of their wide-scale implementation and economic benefits. Using macroeconomic assessment and energy price assumptions, the final estimates of potential GHG emissions and reduction costs of various mitigation scenarios are calculated. The results show that the use of efficient electric motors, efficient boilers and furnaces with fuel switching from fuel oil to natural gas has the largest impact on GHG emissions at a levelized annual cost that ranges from -20 to -5 US$/tonne of CO2 reduced. The negative costs are indicative of direct savings obtained in energy cost for those mitigation options.
Crude oil, coal and gas are the main resources for world energy supply. The size of fossil fuel reserves and the dilemma that "when non-renewable energy will be diminished" is a fundamental and doubtful question that needs to be answered. This paper presents a new formula for calculating when fossil fuel reserves are likely to be depleted and develops an econometrics model to demonstrate the relationship between fossil fuel reserves and some main variables. The new formula is modified from the Klass model and thus assumes a continuous compound rate and computes fossil fuel reserve depletion times for oil, coal and gas of approximately 35, 107 and 37 years, respectively. This means that coal reserves are available up to 2112, and will be the only fossil fuel remaining after 2042. In the Econometrics model, the main exogenous variables affecting oil, coal and gas reserve trends are their consumption and respective prices between 1980 and 2006. The models for oil and gas reserves unexpectedly show a positive and significant relationship with consumption, while presenting a negative and significant relationship with price. The econometrics model for coal reserves, however, expectedly illustrates a negative and significant relationship with consumption and a positive and significant relationship with price. Consequently, huge reserves of coal and low-level coal prices in comparison to oil and gas make coal one of the main energy substitutions for oil and gas in the future, under the assumption of coal as a clean energy source.
Energy conservation in utilities has played a vital role in improving energy efficiency in the industrial, commercial and residential sectors. The electrical energy consumption in Palestine has increased sharply in the past few years and achieved by the end of 2001 to 10% per year. It is expected that this percentage will increase to about 12% if the current political situation will end hopefully with peace. Modern energy efficient technologies are needed for the national energy policy. Such technologies are investigated in this paper. Implementing of a national 3 years project aiming at energy efficiency improvement in residential and industrial sectors as well as in public utilities, which include wide range of diversified audits and power measurements, had led to creating this paper. Measurement and audit results had shown that the total conservation potential in these sectors is around 15% of the total energy consumption. The associated costs of the investment in this field are relatively low and correspond to a pay back period varying in the range from 6 to 36 months. Consequently, the energy conservation policy will be seriously improved in the forthcoming years. It is estimated that 10% of the new energy purchasing capacity will be reduced accordingly.
Empirical analyses of firm behaviour typically assume that there is a stable relationship between investment on the one hand and changes in the relative prices of inputs, output demand and other determinants on the other hand. However, because of the lumpy nature and irreversibility of investments and the presence of uncertainty about future economic developments, a specific percentage change in relative prices and output demand may not always lead to the same percentage change in capital stocks. That means that different regimes may exist in investment behaviour. We test whether such regimes exist using high-quality data on eight manufacturing industries in the Netherlands. Three different regimes can be identified that are characterized by differences in the relative input price levels and we find that if relative prices take on extreme values, the propensity to adjust the scale of production to changes in demand is very low.
Implementing an Energy Management System
- Daiane Thesis
- Pandolfo
Thesis by Daiane Pandolfo. Implementing an Energy Management System.
Politecnico Di Milano; 2009-2010.
A Management System for Energy: ANSI
- American National
- Standards Institute
American National Standards Institute. A Management System for Energy: ANSI/
MSE 2000:2008. www.webstore.ansi.org.
Industrial energy assessment guide book: guide book for conducting energy assessment in industrial facilities. LBNL
- H Ali
- P Lynn
Ali H, Lynn P. Industrial energy assessment guide book: guide book for conducting
energy assessment in industrial facilities. LBNL; 2010. pp. 4.
DIN EN 16001: energy management systems in practice: a guide for companies and organization. federal ministry for the environment, nature conservation and nuclear safety
- K Walter
- K Sibylle
- Johanna K Ina
- R Silas
Walter K, Sibylle K, Johanna K, Ina R, Silas S. DIN EN 16001: energy management
systems in practice: a guide for companies and organization. federal ministry for the
environment, nature conservation and nuclear safety; 2010, p. 12.
Department of Energy Step 2.6.3Checklist for Potential EnPIs
- Georgia Tech
- Research Corporation
Georgia Tech Research Corporation and U.S. Department of Energy. Step 2.6.3Checklist for Potential EnPIs. Document#110411; 2013.
Implementation of ISO 50001 energy management system in sports stadia
- A Byrne
- M Barrett
- R Kelly
Byrne A, Barrett M, Kelly R. Implementation of ISO 50001 energy management
system in sports stadia. J Sustainable Des Appl Res 2014;2(1). Article 1.
Implementation of ISO 50001 energy management system in sports stadia
- Byrne
A method to establish and run management systems for energy
- Weidong