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The Changing Nature of Conflict: The Need for a Conflict-Sensitive Approach
Abstract
the word ‘conflict’ is usually used with reference to countries where there is politically motivated violence, internally or internationally, and where several parties (e.g. states, communities, political parties or groups) are involved in acting out their disagreement using violence.
... In this context, such concern includes land injustice and social and economic marginalization. Analytically, using the conflict tree assessment [42], land injustice (e.g., unfair distribution of land) is a static factor founded at the root. Alternatively, the baseline conflict analysis (i.e., rates and ratios of violence over time of an area) [43] enables for the proper understanding of historical land injustice and communities' marginalization as the root cause of contemporary conflict, including violence and instability. ...
Land-related issues are directly and indirectly the main cause of instability, conflict, and violence in Africa. When we think of addressing the root cause of human displacement and irregular migration in Africa, resolving historical land injustice, mitigating marginalization, and implementation of sustainable land reform ought to be central. Yet, land reform is inadequately considered from the international community toward finding solutions for instability and irregular migration. Land reform legislation hardly shows up in the European Union (EU)-Africa partnership on migration management major policy documents. This research asserts that stability and sustainable migration management in Africa are grounded on enhanced social inclusion established through sustainable land reforms. It also brings to the limelight the disconnection between international relations with Africa in addressing irregular migration and the real threat facing some African communities and households. The linked concept of human security to land security and relational ties to socio-ecological vulnerability and resilience is examined. An exploratory sustainable land reform option is considered as a comprehensive perspective of irregular migration management within the EU-Africa mobility framework.
Whether the inter-state and sub-national tensions over transboundary waters will lead to greater conflict or increased cooperation
remains a hotly debated issue. Most work on the subject situates transboundary water conflict and transboundary water cooperation
at opposing ends of a continuum. The examination of either conflict or cooperation, we argue, refutes the reality of the vast majority of contexts where cooperation and conflict actually co-exist,
and perpetuates the paradigm that any conflict is ‘bad’, and that all forms of cooperation are ‘good’. The efforts of the
international water academic and practitioner communities may be better served through a combined reading of conflict and
cooperation as transboundary water interaction. Mirumachi’s Transboundary Waters Interaction NexuS is offered as a robust method demonstrating that simultaneous consideration
of conflict and cooperation is both insightful and possible. Transboundary water interaction is shown to be an inherently
political process determined by the broader political context. We examine evidence suggesting that uncritical acceptance of
traditional forms of ‘cooperative’ arrangements may in fact sustain the conflict it was intended to transform. Several other
less well-known faces of ‘cooperation’ are discussed in detail, with examples of narrow, token and coercive cooperation derived
from inter-state relations on the Jordan, Nile and Ganges rivers. With a view to paving the way for improved transboundary
water sharing and governance, subjectively negative, neutral and positive forms of interaction are defined, and linked with
a first approximation of their potential driving forces.
The shifting nature of international conflict has prompted a rethinking of the Correlates of War Project's classification of wars. This research note describes the new expanded war typology and the resultant three war data sets. Lists of the qualifying wars in the inter-state, extra-state, and intrastate categories during the 1816-1997 period are appended.
“…an awesome tour d'horizon of modern war, violence, and confrontation within and between nations. Illustrating via just about every conflict in every corner of the world, the author invokes an endless array of insights and interpretations, ranging from the micro to the macro, beautifully written in a seamless sequence of closely linked and discursive essays.” —J. David Singer, University of Michigan “Jeong has successfully combined behavioral and structural analysis of the dynamics of social conflict. This volume covers the multiple dimensions - escalation, entrapment, de-escalation, termination, and resolution - both of violent and non-violent confrontation between adversaries, as well as the utility and limitations of external intervention. For students of the social sciences, it should serve as an excellent introduction to the complex realities of social conflict.” —Milton Esman, John S. Knight Professor of International Studies, Emeritus, Cornell University By examining the dynamic forces which shape and re-shape major conflicts, Understanding Conflict and Conflict Analysis provides students with the new knowledge base needed to successfully study conflict sources, processes and transformations. It covers social, political, and psychological features central to understanding conflict situations and behavior. A wide range of both recent and historical examples (including the Arab-Israeli conflict, US-Russia relations, the “War on Terrorism,” civil wars in Sudan, Iraq, former Yugoslavia, Sri Lanka) are discussed in a comparative context, illustrating the application of concepts and theories essential to the analysis of inter-group, inter-state conflict and prospects for conflict resolution. Intended Audience: This will be a key text for students of international relations, peace and conflict studies, psychology, sociology, international security and international law. “Ho-Won Jeong has written an illuminating analysis of the dynamics of conflict. He lays out the tools we have to analyze conflict in a literate and comprehensive way. A valuable book for anyone interested in a more comprehensive understanding of conflict, its sources, and its de-escalation and termination.” —Janice Gross Stein, Belzberg Professor of Conflict Management, Director, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto.
Since the end of the Cold War, conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping and peacebuilding have risen to the top of the international agenda. The third edition of this hugely popular text explains the key concepts, charts the development of the field, evaluates successes and failures, and assesses the main current challenges and debates in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Existing material has been thoroughly updated and four new chapters added, on environmental conflict resolution, conflict resolution in the arts and popular culture, conflict resolution in the media and the communications revolution, and theories and critiques of the field. The authors argue that a new form of cosmopolitan conflict resolution is emerging, which offers a hopeful means for human societies to handle their conflicts non-violently and eventually to transcend and celebrate their differences.
This paper presents a review of Deutsch's theoretical and empirical work on cooperation and competition, conflict resolution, and distributive justice. An epilogue discusses the practical implications of the theorizing and research which is presented in the body of the paper.
I will start with a Jewish proverb and then will come to a Jewish story. First the proverb: an insincere peace is better than a sincere war.
Although international humanitarian law has as its aim the limitation of the effects of armed conflict, it does not include a full definition of those situations which fall within its material field of application. While it is true that the relevant conventions refer to various types of armed conflict and therefore afford a glimpse of the legal outlines of this multifaceted concept, these instruments do not propose criteria that are precise enough to determine the content of those categories unequivocally. A certain amount of clarity is nonetheless needed. In fact, depending on how the situations are legally defined, the rules that apply vary from one case to the next. By proposing a typology of armed conflicts from the perspective of international humanitarian law, this article seeks to show how the different categories of armed conflict anticipated by that legal regime can be interpreted in the light of recent developments in international legal practice. It also reviews some actual situations whose categorization under existing legal concepts has been debated.
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