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Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
... Debido a la relación existente entre la impulsividad y los diferentes trastornos mencionados, existen amplias y diversas investigaciones referidas a este tema, así como también estudios psicométricos relacionados a la propuesta y creación de instrumentos que miden del constructo (4,(15)(16)(17) y aborda la impulsividad de forma directa o implícita. Bajo esa línea, Iribarren et al. (18) señalan la existencia de diferentes instrumentos de medida de la impulsividad: bien como un estado o reacción en el comportamiento debido a causas ambientales (escala de impulsividad de Barratt, escala de impulsividad de Plutchnick, cuestionario EPI de Eysenck, etc.) o bien para evaluar la impulsividad rasgo, como un aspecto inherente a la personalidad (test de ejecución continua, test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin). ...
... Bajo esa línea, Iribarren et al. (18) señalan la existencia de diferentes instrumentos de medida de la impulsividad: bien como un estado o reacción en el comportamiento debido a causas ambientales (escala de impulsividad de Barratt, escala de impulsividad de Plutchnick, cuestionario EPI de Eysenck, etc.) o bien para evaluar la impulsividad rasgo, como un aspecto inherente a la personalidad (test de ejecución continua, test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin). Los más utilizados en el tiempo son la escala BIS-11 (15) y la escala de impulsividad de Plutchnick (19) . ...
... La escala de impulsividad de Barratt (15) , conformada por 30 ítems, en formato de tipo Likert con 4 posibles respuestas (sí raramente o nunca, si ocasionalmente, si a menudo, sí siempre o casi siempre), validado al español (20) y presentando adecuados indicadores de confiabilidad (escala total = 0,87; subescalas = 0,91 y 0,85), y validez (GFI = 0,095; RMSEA = 0,065), por lo que propone y da a conocer los factores de impulsividad atencional e impulsividad no planificada como dimensiones de la impulsividad. ...
Objetivo. Analizar las propiedades psicométricas y validar la escala de impulsividad estado (EIE) en estudiantes universitarios de Lima, Perú. Métodos. El estudio fue psicométrico, descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 954 estudiantes (361 mujeres y 593 varones), los cuales fueron evaluados con la EIE de Iribarren et al. (18). Se realizó el análisis paralelo en 3 dimensiones, además de un análisis factorial exploratorio; así mismo, se usaron varios indicadores de ajuste para una mejor evaluación y análisis. Resultados. Los resultados indican que el modelo de tres factores propuesto por los autores fue el que presenta mejores índices de ajuste (CFI = 0,973, TLI = 0,964, SRMR = 0,039 y RMSEA = 0,049), por lo que muestra evidencia de validez de Constructo. De igual modo, se muestran adecuados valores de confabilidad (gratificación, F1, a = 0,833 y w = 0,790; automatismo, F2, a = 0,854 y w = 0,810 y atencional, F3, a = 0,874 y w = 0,835; y la escala total a = 0,936 y w = 0,917). Por último, no se encontró evidencia de invarianza según sexo (CFI > 0,001). Conclusiones. la escala de impulsividad estado cuenta con evidencias psicométricas para su uso.
... Indeed, the literature on this topic is mixed, with some evidence suggesting that financial incentives play a limited role in participants' motivation in experimental studies (Read, 2005). Finally, some measures further distinguish between different dimensions of impulsivity and disinhibited behaviour (Grace & Malloy, 2001;Patton et al., 1995), which could not be disentangled in the current study using the CBI-R abnormal behaviour subscale. Future research should therefore incorporate more detailed measures, such as the Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (Grace & Malloy, 2001) or the Barrett Impulsiveness Scale (Patton et al., 1995). ...
... Finally, some measures further distinguish between different dimensions of impulsivity and disinhibited behaviour (Grace & Malloy, 2001;Patton et al., 1995), which could not be disentangled in the current study using the CBI-R abnormal behaviour subscale. Future research should therefore incorporate more detailed measures, such as the Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (Grace & Malloy, 2001) or the Barrett Impulsiveness Scale (Patton et al., 1995). ...
Background
Appropriately balancing potential risks versus rewards is important for affective decision-making in everyday life. Impaired affective decision-making on risk-taking tasks has been reported in individuals with dementia, but the neural correlates of such deficits, and whether they relate to neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as disinhibition and apathy, have not been directly examined.
Methods
Forty-one behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), 28 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and 42 healthy controls completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which assessed their ability to weigh risks versus rewards to maximise monetary earnings. Informant-reported measures of disinhibition and apathy were completed. All participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scans.
Results
While bvFTD and AD patients showed some impairments on the BART relative to controls, a high degree of variability was observed within patient groups. Poorer BART performance was associated with bilateral medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex atrophy. A hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four groups of patients, with distinct patterns of BART performance, varying levels of disinhibition and apathy, and divergent patterns of brain atrophy. The group that showed the worst performance on the BART (i.e., collected the least money and popped the most balloons) showed the greatest disinhibition and orbitofrontal cortex atrophy.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the heterogeneous nature of affective decision-making deficits in dementia and uncover important links between BART performance, symptoms of disinhibition and apathy, and orbitofrontal cortex atrophy. Greater understanding of these symptom profiles and underlying neurocognitive mechanisms may help to inform potential management strategies for impaired affective decision-making in dementia.
... The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) is a 30-item questionnaire developed to assess the personality trait of impulsivity in individuals (Patton et al. 1995;Stanford et al. 2009). It is one of the most commonly used measures of impulsivity in both research and clinical practice (Stanford et al. 2009). ...
Individuals worldwide share basic affective and cognitive abilities, and receive mental health diagnoses using similar scales. However, these measures have been predominantly developed and validated in Western contexts. Here, we compared British (N = 187; age 19–73 years) and Chinese participants (N = 194; age 19–60 years) on behavioral tasks of facial emotion recognition and sustained attention, evaluating affect and cognition, as well as mental health measures of anxiety, depression, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and impulsivity. Comparing British and Chinese populations is particularly important as they represent distinct cultural traditions in emotional expression, cognitive processing, and mental health conceptualization. We found that British participants were significantly better at recognizing emotions, especially negative ones; while Chinese participants showed higher obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, driven primarily by the number‐meaning item, the tendency to assign significance to numerical information. The groups showed negligible differences in sustained attention and other mental health measures. This study provides novel evidence that culture has a greater influence on affective abilities than cognitive ones, and highlights concerns about cultural biases in established mental health scales. However, these findings may not generalize beyond British and Chinese populations, which calls for broader cross‐cultural research.
... Studies examined executive functions [23,43,59,60,62,[67][68][69]71] as a measure of response inhibition using the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) [87] (n = 3) [61,69,71], the SCWT [81] (Interference score), and the inhibition control/non-planning tasks of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) [88], and explored verbal fluency as measured by the Letter Fluency task (n = 3) [23,67,68], the verbal fluency composite score of the SCIP [85], and the FAS phonemic fluency task of the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWAT) [89]. ...
... The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) represents one of the best-known and most widely used instruments for measuring impulsivity (Version 11; Patton et al., 1995;Albiero et al., 2006). The BIS-11 is a scale that tends to synthesize the concept of impulsivity around three basic elements: 1) motor impulsiveness (range, 11-44), defined as the tendency to take immediate action as a somehow "reflex"; 2) attentional impulsiveness (range, 8-32), an expression of the tendency to initiate actions that are always new and different due to a difficulty to concentrate or focus attention and to easy distractibility; 3) nonplanning impulsiveness (range, 11-44), understood as the tendency to make decisions that are not thoughtful with respect to the short-, medium-and long-term consequences of behaviors. ...
A growing body of evidence has shown the key role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in aggressive behavior, along with the chance of modulating it by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, the functional interplay between the two cerebral hemispheres in the regulation of aggressive behavior is still unclear. To address this issue, we assessed the effect of bi-hemispheric prefrontal tDCS in 76 healthy adults with a cross-over, double-blind, sham-controlled design. Half of the participants received the anodal stimulation over the right dlPFC and the cathodal stimulation over the left dlPFC (right anodal/left cathodal; Experiment 1), whereas the other half received the anodal stimulation over the left dlPFC and the cathodal stimulation over the right dlPFC (right cathodal/left anodal; Experiment 2). During tDCS, participants underwent the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm. All participants were also given self-report questionnaires measuring individual levels of aggression, impulsivity, and empathy to test whether these constructs were associated with the neuromodulation of aggressive responses at the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm. Results show a significant increase in aggressive reactions to provocation during right anodal/left cathodal prefrontal tDCS only within males, highlighting a sex-specific effect of the prefrontal neuromodulation that is also associated with individual levels of aggression. These findings provide a new insight into the brain mechanisms that regulate aggressiveness, their sex differences, and their association with dispositional aggressive tendencies.
Objective
Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) often experience significant mood disturbances and sleep disorders during the acute withdrawal period. This study aims to assess the sleep quality of AUD patients during acute withdrawal using polysomnography (PSG) and to evaluate their emotional states through standardized scales, to explore the role these factors play in the sleep quality of AUD patients during the acute withdrawal period.
Methods
The study’s experimental group consisted of fifty male patients, aged 18 to 66. Fifty healthy male volunteers served as the control group. On days 1–2 of alcohol withdrawal, PSG evaluated sleep processes, structural characteristics, and sleep-related breathing parameters in both AUD patients and the control group. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used to measure impulsivity, mood disorders, alcohol desire, and sleep quality, respectively. The use of multiple linear regression to analyze factors related to sleep disorders.
Results
Compared to the control group, AUD patients exhibited significantly reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, along with increased snoring frequency and duration. Additionally, AUD patients had significantly higher scores on the PACS, BDI, and BAI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that alcohol craving, depression, and anxiety were significantly associated with impaired sleep quality.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that AUD patients experience significant sleep disturbances during the acute withdrawal period, influenced by alcohol craving, depression, and anxiety.
Introduction
Effective management of suicidality and impulsivity in hospitalized psychiatric patients is vital for improving outcomes and ensuring safety. Psychiatric patients, especially those with schizophrenia, exhibit higher tendencies towards aggressive and suicidal behaviours. This study aims to explore sex-specific associations between lipid profiles, impulsivity, and suicidality among psychiatric inpatients.
Methods
A total of 158 psychiatric inpatients (92 men and 66 women) were assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, and the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale. Serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) were obtained from fasting blood samples.
Results
Among men, higher total cholesterol and LDL were positively correlated with impulsivity (LDL and BIS-11 total score: rho = .308, p = .006). In women, higher HDL was associated with lower suicidality (HDL and lifetime suicide attempt frequency: rho = –.374, p = .021). Regression confirmed LDL predicts impulsivity in men (R squared = .265, p = .031), and HDL, LDL, age, and BMI explain 52 percent of suicidality variance in women (R squared = .523, p = .0006).
Conclusion
Elevated LDL may indicate higher impulsivity in men, while low HDL suggests higher suicide risk in women. Lipid monitoring could enhance risk assessment in psychiatric care.
Background
Adolescents’ engagement in hazardous games has increased in recent years, presenting significant risks to physical and psychological well-being. These behaviors are often driven by complex psychosocial factors, including boredom, peer influence, and impulsivity. Understanding the specific motivations and profiles within this demographic is essential for developing effective interventions. Aims. This study aims to identify distinct adolescent profiles based on key psychosocial factors influencing engagement in hazardous games and to determine the primary predictors of risk-taking behavior. By exploring these profiles, we seek to inform targeted intervention strategies that address the unique needs of each group.
Methods
A sample of adolescents was assessed using standardized measures of boredom susceptibility, social influence, impulsivity, and self-harm tendencies. Cluster analysis was employed to categorize participants into distinct profiles, and regression analysis identified significant predictors of engagement in hazardous games. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze differences across profiles.
Results
Four primary profiles emerged: High-Risk Boredom-Prone, Socially Influenced Risk-Takers, Impulsive Sensation-Seekers, and Vulnerable and Self-Destructive. Boredom susceptibility and social influence were found to be the strongest predictors of hazardous game participation. High-Risk Boredom-Prone adolescents were driven by a need for stimulation, while Socially Influenced Risk-Takers prioritized peer approval. The Impulsive Sensation-Seekers cluster showed a strong tendency toward thrill-seeking, and the Vulnerable and Self-Destructive profile indicated a coping mechanism linked to emotional distress.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions for adolescents, focusing on boredom management, peer resilience, and mental health support. Addressing these psychosocial drivers can help reduce the risks associated with hazardous games and support healthier developmental pathways. Future research should explore longitudinal data to track changes in adolescent risk behaviors over time and assess the impact of targeted interventions on each identified profile.
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