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Analysis of selfie-related injuries and deaths
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heavily selfie taking and sharing these poses on social media or selfie-related behaviors are ever increasing especially among young people. This can also lead to selfie-related trauma. We performed this clinical study to draw attention to selfie-related injuries and deaths.
METHODS: We analyzed 159 selfie victims related to 111 events or accidents that reported in the media sources. In this study, we evaluated that vital results, demography, rhythmicity, preferences, event or accident types, selfie-related risk factors, affected body regions of victims with causes of injury and death.
RESULTS: We found that the majority of selfie victims were students. Selfie-related injuries and deaths were reported most frequently in India, the US and Russia respectively. Most often pose preferences of selfie victims were on the edge of the cliff. The most frequently reported event or accident type was fall from high to the ground. Mostly multiple body parts were affected in selfie-related injuries and deaths.Most frequently causes of selfie-related deaths were multitrauma and drowning respectively.
CONCLUSION: Selfie-related injuries and deaths have been increased in the last years. Especially teenagers and young adults are at high risk for the dangerous selfies.Hence, drastic measures should be taken to reduce selfie-related injuries and deaths
BACKGROUND: Heavily selfie taking and sharing these poses on social media or selfie-related behaviors are ever increasing especially among young people. This can also lead to selfie-related trauma. We performed this clinical study to draw attention to selfie-related injuries and deaths.
METHODS: We analyzed 159 selfie victims related to 111 events or accidents that reported in the media sources. In this study, we evaluated that vital results, demography, rhythmicity, preferences, event or accident types, selfie-related risk factors, affected body regions of victims with causes of injury and death.
RESULTS: We found that the majority of selfie victims were students. Selfie-related injuries and deaths were reported most frequently in India, the US and Russia respectively. Most often pose preferences of selfie victims were on the edge of the cliff. The most frequently reported event or accident type was fall from high to the ground. Mostly multiple body parts were affected in selfie-related injuries and deaths.Most frequently causes of selfie-related deaths were multitrauma and drowning respectively.
CONCLUSION: Selfie-related injuries and deaths have been increased in the last years. Especially teenagers and young adults are at high risk for the dangerous selfies.Hence, drastic measures should be taken to reduce selfie-related injuries and deaths
Keywords: Selfie, injury, death.
... Bu çalışma ile, kazalara ve ölümlere neden olması nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı problemi haline gelen takıntılı özçekim davranışının (Balakrishnan ve Griffiths, 2018;Dokur, 2018;Griffiths, 1995;Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan ve Gladwell, 2013;Vincent, 2014) derecesini ölçen Takıntılı Özçekim Davranışı Ölçeği'nin (TÖDÖ) Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenilirliğinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. ...
Background
Selfie-related injury has become a public health concern amid the near ubiquitous use of smartphones and social media apps. Of particular concern are selfie-related deaths at aquatic locations; areas often frequented because of their photogenic allure. Unfortunately, such places exhibit hazards inherent with their environment.
Objective
This study aimed to ascertain current evidence regarding selfie-related injuries and recommended risk treatment measures in the academic literature as well as how selfie-related injuries and deaths were being reported by the media, allowing us to identify key challenges facing land managers and public health practitioners in mitigating selfie-related injuries and deaths.
Methods
Between October and December 2022, we performed a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published since January 2011. Literature was screened to identify causal factors implicated in selfie-related deaths and injuries, as well as risk treatments recommended. Furthermore, we used an environmental scan methodology to search for media reports of selfie-related injuries and deaths at aquatic locations in Australia and the United States. Individual cases of selfie-related aquatic injuries and deaths sourced from news reports were analyzed to assess epidemiological characteristics, and a thematic content analysis was conducted to identify key themes of news reporting on selfie-related deaths and injuries.
Results
In total, 5 peer-reviewed studies were included. Four studies identified falls from height as the most common injury mechanism in selfie incidents. Drowning was the second most common cause of death. Recommended risk treatments were limited but included the adoption of “no selfie zones,” physical barriers, signage, and provision of information on dangerous locations to social media users. In total, 12 cases were identified from media reports (4 injuries and 8 fatalities; 7 in Australia and 5 in the United States). The mean age of the reported victims was 22.1 (SD 6.93) years with victims more likely to be female tourists. Content analysis revealed 3 key themes from media reports: “blame,” “warning,” and “prevention and education.” Few media reports (n=8) provided safety recommendations.
Conclusions
The selfie-related incident phenomenon should be viewed as a public health problem that requires a public health risk communication response. To date, little attention has been paid to averting selfie-related incidents through behavior change methodologies or direct messaging to users, including through social media apps. Although previous research has recommended “no selfie zones,” barriers, and signage as ways to prevent selfie incidents, our results suggest this may not be enough, and it may be prudent to also engage in direct safety messaging to social media users. Media reporting of selfie incidents should focus on preventive messaging rather than blame or warning.
Background
Ambulance accidents are an unfortunate indirect result of ambulance emergency calls, which create hazardous environments for personnel, patients, and bystanders. However, in European German-speaking countries, factors contributing to ambulance accidents have not been optimally researched and analyzed.
Objective
The objective of this study was to extract, analyze, and compare data from online newspaper articles on ambulance accidents for Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. We hope to highlight future strategies to offset the deficit in research data and official registers for prevention of ambulance and emergency vehicle accidents.
Methods
Ambulance accident data were collected from Austrian, German, and Swiss free web-based daily newspapers, as listed in Wikipedia, for the period between January 2014 and January 2019. All included newspapers were searched for articles reporting ambulance accidents using German terms representing “ambulance” and “ambulance accident.” Characteristics of the accidents were compiled and analyzed. Only ground ambulance accidents were covered.
Results
In Germany, a total of 597 ambulance accidents were recorded, corresponding to 0.719 (95% CI 0.663-0.779) per 100,000 inhabitants; 453 of these accidents left 1170 people injured, corresponding to 1.409 (95% CI 1.330-1.492) per 100,000 inhabitants, and 28 of these accidents caused 31 fatalities, corresponding to 0.037 (95% CI 0.025-0.053) per 100,000 inhabitants. In Austria, a total of 62 ambulance accidents were recorded, corresponding to 0.698 (95% CI 0.535-0.894) per 100,000 inhabitants; 47 of these accidents left 115 people injured, corresponding to 1.294 (95% CI 1.068-1.553) per 100,000 inhabitants, and 6 of these accidents caused 7 fatalities, corresponding to 0.079 (95% CI 0.032-0.162) per 100,000 inhabitants. In Switzerland, a total of 25 ambulance accidents were recorded, corresponding to 0.293 (95% CI 0.189-0.432) per 100,000 inhabitants; 11 of these accidents left 18 people injured, corresponding to 0.211(95% CI 0.113-0.308) per 100,000 inhabitants. There were no fatalities. In each of the three countries, the majority of the accidents involved another car (77%-81%). In Germany and Switzerland, most accidents occurred at an intersection. In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, 38.7%, 26%, and 4%, respectively, of ambulance accidents occurred at intersections for which the ambulance had a red light (P<.001). In all three countries, most of the casualties were staff and not uncommonly a third party. Most accidents took place on weekdays and during the daytime. Ambulance accidents were evenly distributed across the four seasons. The direction of travel was reported in 28%-37% of the accidents and the patient was in the ambulance approximately 50% of the time in all countries. The cause of the ambulance accidents was reported to be the ambulance itself in 125 (48.1% of accidents where the cause was reported), 22 (42%), and 8 (40%) accidents in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, respectively (P=.02), and another vehicle in 118 (45.4%), 29 (56%), and 9 (45%) accidents, respectively (P<.001). A total of 292 accidents occurred while blue lights and sirens were used, which caused 3 deaths and 577 injuries.
Conclusions
This study draws attention to much needed auxiliary sources of data that may allow for creation of a contemporary registry of all ambulance accidents in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. To improve risk management and set European standards, it should be mandatory to collect standardized goal-directed and representative information using various sources (including the wide range presented by the press and social media), which should then be made available for audit, analysis, and research.
Background
Mobile phone use has brought convenience, but the long or improper use of mobile phones can cause harm to the human body.
Objective
We aimed to assess the impact of improper mobile phone use on the risks of accidents and chronic disorders.
Methods
We systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies published prior to April 5, 2019; relevant reviews were also searched to identify additional studies. A random-effects model was used to calculate the overall pooled estimates.
Results
Mobile phone users had a higher risk of accidents (relative risk [RR] 1.37, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.55). Long-term use of mobile phones increased accident risk relative to nonuse or short-term use (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.70). Compared with nonuse, mobile phone use resulted in a higher risk for neoplasms (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14), eye diseases (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.23), mental health disorders (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32), and headaches (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.32); the pooled risk of other chronic disorders was 1.20 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.59). Subgroup analyses also confirmed the increased risk of accidents and chronic disorders.
Conclusions
Improper use of mobile phones can harm the human body. While enjoying the convenience brought by mobile phones, people have to use mobile phones properly and reasonably.
Selfitis—which started off as a hoax but has now been investigated empirically—has been defined as the obsessive–compulsive desire to take photos of oneself and post them on social media. Furthermore, a scale to assess selfitis, the Selfitis Behavior Scale (SBS), has been developed. This study applied advanced psychometric testing methods, including confirmatory factor analysis (utilizing classical test theory) and the Rasch model (utilizing modern test theory), to examine the psychometric properties among Persian speakers (in Iran and Afghanistan). The participants (3163 Iranians and 1100 Afghanistani) completed an online survey posted on Instagram pages. The SBS showed promising properties, including satisfactory reliability (e.g., internal consistency and test–retest reliability), excellent construct validity (e.g., good fit in the CFA and Rasch models), and acceptable measurement invariance across Iranian and Afghan samples. Consequently, the SBS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing selfitis among Persian-speaking samples.
Background: In the era of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) the Internet is being increasingly accessed for health-related information. Indeed, recently published patient surveys conducted in subjects with autoimmune disorders confirmed that the Internet was reported as one of the most important health information sources. Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia launched in 2001, is generally one of the most visited websites worldwide and is often consulted for health-related information.
Aim: The main objective of the present investigation is to quantitatively assess whether the Wikipedia pages related to autoimmune disorders can be easily accessed by patients and/or their families, in terms of readability.
Methods: A list of autoimmune disorders was obtained and downloaded from the American Autoimmune-related Diseases Association (AARDA) website. Wikipedia articles were analyzed for their overall level of readability with six different quantitative readability scales, namely: i) the Flesch Reading Ease, ii) the Gunning Fog Index, iii) the Coleman–Liau Index, iv) the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, v) the Automated Readability Index (ARI), and vi) the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG). Further, the correlation between readability and clinical, pathological and epidemiological parameters was investigated. Moreover, each Wikipedia analysis was assessed according to its content, breaking down the readability indices by main topic of each part (namely, pathogenesis, treatment, diagnosis and prognosis plus a section containing paragraphs not falling in any of the previous categories).
Results: 134 diseases were retrieved from the AARDA website. The Flesch Reading Ease yielded a score of 24.34±10.73, indicating that the sites were very difficult to read and best understood by college graduates, whilst the Gunning Fog Index and the ARI resulted 16.87±2.03 and 14.06±2.12, respectively. The Coleman-Liau Index and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level yielded a score of 14.48±1.57 and 14.86±1.95, respectively, while the SMOG resulted 15.38±1.37. All the readability indices confirmed that the sites were suitable for a college graduate..No correlation between readability and clinical, pathological and epidemiological parameters could be found. Statistically significant differences could be detected among the different sections of the Wikipedia pages.
Conclusion: Wikipedia pages related to autoimmune disorders are characterized by a low level of readability. There is, therefore, the onus from physicians and health authorities to improve the health literacy skills of patients and/or their families and to create, together with patients themselves, disease-specific readable sites, disseminating highly accessible health-related online information, both in terms of clarity and conciseness.
Background: A selfie is a self-portrait photograph typically taken with a digital camera or camera phone held in the hand or supported by a selfie stick. Studies suggest that there is a relationship between selfie-posting behavior and narcissism. The objectives were to assess the prevalence of selfitis or selfie syndrome in young adults aged 19-26 years and to analyze their traits and behavior regarding selfies to detect possible self-objectification, narcissism, and need for approval.
Background:
With the increasing quality of smartphone cameras, taking photos has become ubiquitous. This paper investigates how smartphone photography can be leveraged to help individuals increase their positive affect.
Methods:
Applying findings from positive psychology, we designed and conducted a 4-week study with 41 participants. Participants were instructed to take one photo every day in one of the following three conditions: a selfie photo with a smiling expression, a photo of something that would make oneself happy and a photo of something that would make another person happy.
Findings:
After 3 weeks, participants' positive affect in all conditions increased. Those who took photos to make others happy became much less aroused. Qualitative results showed that those in the selfie group observed changes in their smile over time; the group taking photos to improve their own affect became more reflective and those taking photos for others found that connecting with family members and friends helped to relieve stress.
Conclusions:
The findings can offer insights for designers to create systems that enhance emotional well-being.
Background:
Smartphones have become a necessary evil in our lives. Selfies have become the newest technological fad to take over the youth, due to the wide and easy availability of mobile phones. There is paucity of scientific data on selfies in general, and from our country in particular. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes toward selfie taking, body image acceptance, and narcissism personality traits among an urban school-going population in Mumbai.
Materials and methods:
Two hundred and fifty-two students of 11(th) standard, belonging to an urban Mumbai school, were interviewed in a single centric cross-sectional study. Scales used were - attitude towards selfie-taking questionnaire, body image acceptance, and action questionnaire (BIAAQ) and Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI).
Statistical analysis used:
Scores obtained were computed using basic descriptive statistics as well as computerized statistical software.
Results:
Of the 230 completely filled questionnaires, 54% were males. About 42.6% reported that they regularly clicked selfies of themselves. No gender difference was noticed. On an average, 18.1% girls and 15.2% boys clicked more than 4 selfies/day. The gender difference was statistically not significant (P = 0.5273). Difference in mean BIAAQ between the two genders was noticed to be statistically significant, whereas the NPI scores difference was insignificant.
Conclusions:
This study is a pioneering/novel/innovative work in the field of selfies. It gives us an insight into the youth's viewpoint towards selfies, which was positive in the majority of the population. A worrisome aspect is the higher body image dissatisfaction among girls. Behavioral addictions such as selfies need more focused research in the future.
Previous analyses suggest that artists prefer poses showing the left side of the subject's face when composing a portrait, but showing the right side when composing their own self-portrait. There is also some evidence that artists may prefer compositions with key features on the right of the picture. Do these findings generalize to spontaneous, pseudo-artistic productions by individuals with no formal training in painting and art history? To investigate this issue, we tested a sample of 104 British schoolchildren and teenagers (mean age = 13.8 years; 80 females). We analysed posing biases in individual photographic self-portraits ("selfies") as well as of self-portraits including also the portrait of a friend ("wefies"). Our results document a bias for showing the left cheek in selfies, a bias for placing the selfie-taker on the right in wefies, and a bias for showing two left cheeks over two right cheeks, again in wefies. These biases are reminiscent of what has been reported for selfies in adult non-artists and for portraits and self-portraits by artists in the 16th-18th centuries. Thus, these results provide new evidence in support of a biological basis for side biases in portraits and self-portraits independently of training and expertise.
Background. Photography is an integral component of the international travel experience. Self-photography is becoming a mainstream behaviour in society and it has implications for the practice of travel medicine. Travellers who take selfies, including with the use of selfie sticks, may be subject to traumatic injuries associated with this activity. This review article is the first in the medical literature to address this emerging phenomenon.
Methods. Articles indexed on PubMed and Scopus databases through 2015 were retrieved, using the search terms ‘travel’, combined with ‘selfie’, ‘self-photography’, ‘smartphone’, ‘mobile phone’ and ‘social media’. The reference lists of articles were manually searched for additional publications, and published media reports of travel-related self-photography were examined.
Results. The lack of situational awareness and temporary distraction inherent in selfie-taking exposes the traveller to potential hazards. A diverse group of selfie injuries has been reported, including injury and death secondary to selfie-related falls, attacks from wild animals, electrocution, lightning strikes, trauma at sporting events, road traffic and pedestrian accidents. Public health measures adopted by the Russian Federation in response to over 100 reported selfie injuries in 2015 alone are presented. The review also discusses the potential for direct trauma from the use of selfie sticks. Travel-related scenarios where selfies should be avoided include photographs taken from a height, on a bridge, in the vicinity of vehicular traffic, during thunderstorms, at sporting events, and where wild animals are in the background. Recommendations exist which discourage use of mobile phones in drivers and pedestrians.
Conclusions. The travel medicine practitioner should routinely counsel travellers about responsible self-photography during international travel and should include this advice in printed material given to the patient. The travel and mobile phone industries should reinforce these health promotion messages. Future research should offer greater insights into traveller selfie-taking behaviour.
Cellular telephone (cell phone) use decreases walking speed in controlled laboratory experiments and there is an inverse relationship between free-living walking speed and heart failure risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of cell phone use on walking speed in a free-living environment.
Subjects (n = 1142) were randomly observed walking on a 50 m University campus walkway. The time it took each subject to walk 50 m was recorded and subjects were coded into categories: cell phone held to the ear (talking, n = 95), holding and looking at the cell phone (texting, n = 118), not visibly using the cell phone (no use, n = 929).
Subjects took significantly (p < 0.001) longer traversing the walkway when talking (39.3 s) and texting (37.9 s) versus no use (35.3 s).
As was the case with the previous laboratory experiments, cell phone use significantly reduces average speed during free-living walking.
There is a considerable debate on addiction and abuse to Smartphone among adolescents and its consequent impact on their health; not only in a global context, but also specifically in the Indian population; considering that Smartphone's, globally occupy more than 50% of mobile phones market and more precise quantification of the associated problems is important to facilitate understanding in this field. As per PRISMA (2009) guidelines, extensive search of various studies in any form from a global scale to the more narrow Indian context using two key search words: "Smartphone's addiction" and "Indian adolescents" was done using websites of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Global Health, Psyc-INFO, Biomed-Central, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, world library - World-Cat, Indian libraries such as National Medical Library of India from 1 January, 1995 to March 31, 2014 first for systematic-review. Finally, meta-analysis on only Indian studies was done using Med-Calc online software capable of doing meta-analysis of proportions. A total of 45 articles were considered in systematic-review from whole world; later on 6 studies out of these 45 related to Smartphone's addiction in India were extracted to perform meta-analysis, in which total 1304 participants (range: 165-335) were enrolled. The smartphone addiction magnitude in India ranged from 39% to 44% as per fixed effects calculated (P < 0.0001). Smartphone addiction among Indian teens can not only damage interpersonal skills, but also it can lead to significant negative health risks and harmful psychological effects on Indian adolescents.
The concept of narcissism has been much researched in psychoanalysis and especially in self psychology. One of the hallmarks of narcissism is altered emotion, including decreased affective resonance (e.g. empathy) with others, the neural underpinnings of which remain unclear. The aim of our exploratory study was to investigate the psychological and neural correlates of empathy in two groups of healthy subjects with high and low narcissistic personality trait. We hypothesized that high narcissistic subjects would show a differential activity pattern in regions such as the anterior insula that are typically associated with empathy.
A sample of 34 non-clinical subjects was divided into high (n=11) and low (n=11) narcissistic groups according to the 66th and 33rd percentiles of their scores on the Narcissism Inventory (NI). Combining the psychological, behavioral and neuronal [i.e. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] measurements of empathy, we compared the high and low narcissistic groups of subjects.
High narcissistic subjects showed higher scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 - Revised (SCL-90-R) and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) when compared to low narcissistic subjects. High narcissistic subjects also showed significantly decreased deactivation during empathy, especially in the right anterior insula.
Psychological and neuroimaging data indicate respectively higher degrees of alexithymia and lower deactivation during empathy in the insula in high narcissistic subjects. Taken together, our preliminary findings demonstrate, for the first time, psychological and neuronal correlates of narcissism in non-clinical subjects. This might stipulate both novel psychodynamic conceptualization and future psychological-neuronal investigation of narcissism.
We performed quantitative meta-analyses on 65 neuroimaging studies of emotion. In an earlier report (NeuroImage 16 (2002), 331). we examined the effects of induction method, specific emotions, and cognitive demand in emotional tasks. This paper focuses on the effects of emotional valence (positive vs negative and approach vs withdrawal) and gender on regional brain activations, with particular emphasis on hypotheses concerning lateralization of brain function in emotion. Overall, we found no support for the hypothesis of overall right-lateralization of emotional function, and limited support for valence-specific lateralization of emotional activity in frontal cortex. In addition, we found that males showed more lateralization of emotional activity, and females showed more brainstem activation in affective paradigms. The study provides evidence that lateralization of emotional activity is more complex and region-specific than predicted by previous theories of emotion and the brain.
While prior research has examined the relationship between narcissism and self-promoting behaviors on social media (e.g., posting selfies), little is known about the extent to which individuals' level of narcissism relates to how involved they are in other people's feedback (e.g., comments and "likes") received on their selfies, or how observant and responsive they are to other people's selfie postings. The present study investigates how narcissism relates to such selfie-related behaviors, as well as overall evaluation of selfie-posting behavior and intention to post selfies in the future. By employing a total of 315 Korean subjects who take and post selfies on social networking sites, the present study indicates that individuals higher in narcissism are more likely to evaluate selfie-posting behavior favorably, be involved in the feedback provided by others, and be observant of other people's selfies. However, level of narcissism did not moderate the relationship between how much one observes others' selfies and the likelihood of providing a comment or "like" on other people's selfies.
The prominence of social media in our society has led to increasing controversy and debate in a variety of legal fields, particularly in regard to privacy and rights of publicity. Recent right of publicity cases, such as Fraley v. Facebook and Rodriguez v. Instagram, demonstrate growing dissatisfaction with how social media websites utilize content created and provided by its users. However, few social media users take into consideration the copyright law ramifications of posting content to social media. Most social media terms of service require users to grant a non-exclusive, transferable, and royalty-free license of all intellectual property posted through the service to the service provider. Such licenses give social media services the ability to license this content to their affiliates, often for use in advertisements, without obtaining additional consent from the copyright holder. Moreover, the majority of social media users are likely unaware that copyright protection extends to their posted materials at all. This Note argues that a personhood perspective of copyrighted material posted on social media provides several important insights, such as explaining why individuals use social media, recognizing the true value they place in their content, and identifting the real legal complaint behind current litigation. It builds off of traditional personhood and inalienability theories to suggest that alienability should be evaluated on a spectrum, where rights that are more personal are harder to alienate and subject to stricter judicial scrutiny. Because social media users post copyrighted content online for personal and reputational reasons, courts should seek to limit the extent to which users unknowingly waive their intellectual property rights and restrict the licenses granted to social media companies.
Although many studies have investigated individual differences in online social networking, few have examined the recent and rapidly popularized social phenomenon of the “selfie” (a selfportrait photograph of oneself). In two studies with a pooled sample of 1296 men and women, we tested the prediction that individuals who score high on four narcissism sub-scales (Self-sufficiency, Vanity, Leadership, and Admiration Demand) will be more likely to post selfies to social media sites than will individuals who exhibit low narcissism. We examined three categories of selfies: own selfies; selfies with a romantic partner; and group selfies, controlling for non-selfie photographs. Women posted more selfies of all types than did men. However, women’s selfie-posting behavior was generally unrelated to their narcissism scores. In contrast, men’s overall narcissism scores positively predicted posting own selfies, selfies with a partner, and group selfies. Moreover, men’s Vanity, Leadership, and Admiration Demand scores each independently predicted the posting of one or more types of selfies. Our findings provide the first evidence that the link between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior is comparatively weak among women than men, and provide novel insight into the social motivations and functions of online social networking.
The use of social media is widespread and provides new opportunities for healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations to interact with patients, the public, policy makers, and each other. Social media offers the possibility of providing users with up-to-date information when, where, and how they want it, but it also brings with it some challenges. With increasing use of social media, there is potential to change the way travel medicine is delivered; practitioners should consider how to exploit the benefits in their practice, and not be afraid to experiment. However they need to be cognizant of the potential pitfalls. The information exchanged requires careful application as it may not always achieve the desired outcome, it needs to be monitored for quality, accuracy, and reliability, and confidentiality and privacy must be maintained. Most importantly, as social media becomes more sophisticated and widely adopted in the healthcare arena, further evaluation and research is required to understand its impact and its application to travel medicine.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An online survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. men aged 18-40 assessed trait predictors of social networking site use as well as two forms of visual self-presentation: editing one’s image in photographs posted on social networking sites (SNSs) and posting “selfies,” or pictures users take of themselves. We examined the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and trait self-objectification as predictors. Self-objectification and narcissism predicted time spent on SNSs. Narcissism and psychopathy predicted the number of selfies posted, whereas narcissism and self-objectification predicted editing photographs of oneself posted on SNSs. We discuss selective self-presentation processes on social media and how these traits may influence interpersonal relationship development in computer-mediated communication.
When posing for a painted or photographic portrait, people are more likely to offer their left, rather than right, cheek (e.g., the Mona Lisa). Why? This paper reviews research investigating the left cheek bias, and the reasons underlying this posing asymmetry. Ruling out mechanical and perceptual biases, the paper focuses on the silent emotional and social signals conveyed by left and right cheek poses, demonstrating that people intuitively offer the left cheek to express emotion and perceive left cheek poses as more emotional. Moreover, because the left cheek appears more emotionally expressive, we unconsciously use cheek shown as a cue when presenting or determining academic specialisation, scientific standing, and even political affiliation. The research is consistent in suggesting that something as subtle as a 15° head turn implicitly influences others' perceptions: if you want to be perceived as open and creative, rather than dry and scientific, it might be time to turn the other cheek.
The processing of changing nonverbal social signals such as facial expressions is poorly understood, and it is unknown if different pathways are activated during effortful (explicit), compared to implicit, processing of facial expressions. Thus we used fMRI to determine which brain areas subserve processing of high-valence expressions and if distinct brain areas are activated when facial expressions are processed explicitly or implicitly. Nine healthy volunteers were scanned (1.5T GE Signa with ANMR, TE/TR 40/3,000 ms) during two similar experiments in which blocks of mixed happy and angry facial expressions (“on” condition) were alternated with blocks of neutral faces (control “off” condition). Experiment 1 examined explicit processing of expressions by requiring subjects to attend to, and judge, facial expression. Experiment 2 examined implicit processing of expressions by requiring subjects to attend to, and judge, facial gender, which was counterbalanced in both experimental conditions. Processing of facial expressions significantly increased regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in fusiform and middle temporal gyri, hippocampus, amygdalohippocampal junction, and pulvinar nucleus. Explicit processing evoked significantly more activity in temporal lobe cortex than implicit processing, whereas implicit processing evoked significantly greater activity in amygdala region. Mixed high-valence facial expressions are processed within temporal lobe visual cortex, thalamus, and amygdalohippocampal complex. Also, neural substrates for explicit and implicit processing of facial expressions are dissociable: explicit processing activates temporal lobe cortex, whereas implicit processing activates amygdala region. Our findings confirm a neuroanatomical dissociation between conscious and unconscious processing of emotional information. Hum. Brain Mapping 9:93–105, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The main features of domino accidents in process/storage plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials were studied through an analysis of 225 accidents involving this effect. Data on these accidents, which occurred after 1961, were taken from several sources. Aspects analyzed included the accident scenario, the type of accident, the materials involved, the causes and consequences and the most common accident sequences. The analysis showed that the most frequent causes are external events (31%) and mechanical failure (29%). Storage areas (35%) and process plants (28%) are by far the most common settings for domino accidents. Eighty-nine per cent of the accidents involved flammable materials, the most frequent of which was LPG. The domino effect sequences were analyzed using relative probability event trees. The most frequent sequences were explosion→fire (27.6%), fire→explosion (27.5%) and fire→fire (17.8%).
Recognizing emotion from facial expressions draws on diverse psychological processes implemented in a large array of neural structures. Two major theories of cerebral lateralization of emotional perception have been proposed: (i) the Right-Hemisphere Hypothesis (RHH) and (ii) the Valence-Specific Hypothesis (VSH). To test these lateralization models we conducted a large voxel-based meta-analysis of current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies employing emotional faces paradigms in healthy volunteers. Two independent researchers conducted separate comprehensive PUBMED (1990-May 2008) searches to find all functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using a variant of the emotional faces paradigm in healthy subjects. Out of the 551 originally identified studies, 105 studies met inclusion criteria. The overall database consisted of 1785 brain coordinates which yield an overall sample of 1600 healthy subjects. We found no support for the hypothesis of overall right-lateralization of emotional processing. Conversely, across all emotional conditions the parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, inferior and middle occipital gyrus, posterior cingulated, middle temporal gyrus, inferior frontal and superior frontal gyri were activated bilaterally (p=0.001). There was a valence-specific lateralization of brain response during negative emotions processing in the left amygdala (p=0.001). Significant interactions between the approach and avoidance dimensions and prefrontal response were observed (p=0.001).
Early adolescents are using cell phones with increasing frequency. Cell phones are known to distract motor vehicle drivers to the point that their safety is jeopardized, but it is unclear if cell phones might also distract child pedestrians. This study was designed to examine the influence of talking on a cell phone for pediatric pedestrian injury risk.
Seventy-seven children aged 10 to 11 years old completed simulated road crossings in an immersive, interactive virtual pedestrian environment. In a within-subjects design, children crossed the virtual street 6 times while undistracted and 6 times while distracted by a cell phone conversation with an unfamiliar research assistant. Participants also completed several other experimental tasks hypothesized to predict the impact of distraction while crossing the street and talking on a cell phone.
Children's pedestrian safety was compromised when distracted by a cell phone conversation. While distracted, children were less attentive to traffic; left less safe time between their crossing and the next arriving vehicle; experienced more collisions and close calls with oncoming traffic; and waited longer before beginning to cross the street. Analyses testing experience using a cell phone and experience as a pedestrian yielded few significant results, suggesting that distraction on the cell phone might affect children's pedestrian safety no matter what their experience level. There was some indication that younger children and children who are less attentive and more oppositional may be slightly more susceptible to distraction while talking on the cell phone than older, more attentive, and less oppositional children.
Our results suggest that cell phones distract preadolescent children while crossing streets.
Local television news is the number 1 source of information for most Americans, and media health reporting has increased significantly during the past 10 years.
To evaluate the health topics and reporting characteristics of health stories on local television news across the United States.
Content analysis of full-length broadcasts of local television news from a representative sample of the top 50 US media markets (122 stations).
Two trained coders evaluated all health stories for topics and reporting characteristics. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third independent coder.
Among 2795 broadcasts reviewed, 1799 health stories were aired. Seventy-six percent of all stories were about medical conditions. The median story airtime was 33 seconds. Breast cancer and West Nile virus were the 2 most common topics reported on. Among 1371 stories about disease, few gave recommendations, cited specific data sources, or discussed prevalence. Egregious errors were identified that could harm viewers who relied on the information.
Local television news devotes significant airtime to health stories, yet few newscasts provide useful information, and some stories with factually incorrect information and potentially dangerous advice were aired. Regularly reaching 165 million people, local television news has the power to provide health information to most Americans. It is crucial that television reporting of health news be improved and that reporting errors be eliminated.
Driver distraction is a major cause of traffic accidents, with mobile telephones as a key source of distraction. In two studies, we examined distraction of pedestrians associated with mobile phone use. The first had 60 participants walk along a prescribed route, with half of them conversing on a mobile phone, and the other half holding the phone awaiting a potential call, which never came. Comparison of the performance of the groups in recalling objects planted along the route revealed that pedestrians conversing recalled fewer objects than did those not conversing. The second study had three observers record pedestrian behavior of mobile phone users, i-pod users, and pedestrians with neither one at three crosswalks. Mobile phone users crossed unsafely into oncoming traffic significantly more than did either of the other groups. For pedestrians as with drivers, cognitive distraction from mobile phone use reduces situation awareness, increases unsafe behavior, putting pedestrians at greater risk for accidents, and crime victimization.
The Definitive Ranking of The Selfiest Cities in the World Available at: www.time.com
The Definitive Ranking of The Selfiest Cities in the World. Available at:
www.time.com. Accessed Jan 3, 2017.
07/07/russia-safe-selfies/#cNo3Sfj15EqT
http://mashable.com/2015/07/07/russia-safe-selfies/#cNo3Sfj15EqT.
Accessed Jan 3, 2017.
Cross-sectional Study
dia: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Prevent Public Health Sci 2016;2:1-4.
Too many smartphone users taking dumb, dangerous selfies with bears, Tahoe officials say
- The Huffington
- Post
The Huffington Post. Too many smartphone users taking dumb, dangerous selfies with bears, Tahoe officials say. Available at: http://www.thehuffingtonpost.com. Accessed Jan 24, 2017.
Media-based clinical research on selfie-related injuries and deaths OLGU SUNUMU Selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerin analizi Dr
- Dokur
Dokur et al. Media-based clinical research on selfie-related injuries and deaths
OLGU SUNUMU
Selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerin analizi
Dr. Mehmet Dokur, 1 Dr. Emine Petekkaya, 2 Dr. Mehmet Karadağ 3
İstanbul 3 İnonü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoistatistik ve Tıp Bilişimi Anabilim Dalı, Malatya AMAÇ: Yoğun olarak selfi çekmek ve bunları sosyal medyada paylaşmak ya da selfi ilişkili davranışlar, özellikle gençler arasında giderek artmaktadır
- Hastanesi Başkent Üniversitesi
Başkent Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi, Ankara
2 Beykent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul
3 İnonü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoistatistik ve Tıp Bilişimi Anabilim Dalı, Malatya
AMAÇ: Yoğun olarak selfi çekmek ve bunları sosyal medyada paylaşmak ya da selfi ilişkili davranışlar, özellikle gençler arasında giderek artmaktadır.
Bu da selfi ilişkili travmalara neden olabilir. Biz bu klinik alışmayı, selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlere dikkat çekmek için gerçekleştirdik.
Biz, medya kaynaklarında rapor edilen 111 selfi olayı veya kazası ile ilişkili 159 selfi olgusunu analiz ettik Bu çalışmada, selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerin nedenleri ile birlikte kurbanların vital bulgularını, demografilerini, ritmisitelerini, tercihlerini, olay veya kaza tiplerini
- Gereç Ve Yöntem
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Biz, medya kaynaklarında rapor edilen 111 selfi olayı veya kazası ile ilişkili 159 selfi olgusunu analiz ettik. Bu çalışmada, selfi
ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerin nedenleri ile birlikte kurbanların vital bulgularını, demografilerini, ritmisitelerini, tercihlerini, olay veya kaza tiplerini, risk
faktörlerini ve etkilenen vücut bölgelerini değerlendirdik.
En sık rapor edilen kaza tipi yüksekten zemine düşme idi. Selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerde en sık etkilenen çoklu vücut bölgesi etkilenimi saptandı
- Selfi Kurbanlarının En Sık Poz Tercihi Uçurum Kenarı Idi
Selfi kurbanlarının en sık poz tercihi uçurum kenarı idi. En sık rapor edilen kaza tipi yüksekten zemine düşme idi. Selfi ilişkili yaralanma ve ölümlerde
en sık etkilenen çoklu vücut bölgesi etkilenimi saptandı. En sık saptanan ölüm nedeni ise multitravmalar ve suda boğulmalar idi.
List of selfie-related injuries and deaths
List of selfie-related injuries and deaths. Available at: https://
en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_selfie-related_injuries_
and_deaths&oldid=757719342. Accessed Jan 10, 2017.