Designing the user interface: strategies for effective human-computer interaction
... As Hix and Hartson (1993) emphasize, ensuring usability through product and process development is essential for creating effective digital interfaces. The design principles outlined by Shneiderman and Plaisant (2017) provide a framework for developing user interfaces that facilitate effective human-computer interaction. These principles are particularly relevant in educational contexts, where users may have varying levels of technological proficiency. ...
... This phase includes creating high-fidelity prototypes that accurately represent the final user interface. The implementation follows the principles of user interface design outlined by Shneiderman and Plaisant (2017), ensuring consistency, providing informative feedback, and reducing cognitive load. The implementation also considers mobile usability principles as emphasized by Nielsen and Budiu (2013), optimizing the interface for various device types and screen sizes. ...
... The user interface design implements principles proposed by Shneiderman and Plaisant (2017) regarding "strategies for effective human-computer interaction." The improved error messaging system with more informative and contextual feedback aligns with Nielsen and Budiu's (2013) recommendations emphasizing the importance of clear feedback on mobile platforms. ...
This research focuses on developing an attractive, valid, practical, and effective information system based on Android applications. The primary target users are eleventh and twelfth-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Sukamakmur who will participate in industrial work practice programs. The application features facilitate communication between industrial work practice students, teachers, and industry supervisors. These features enhance the quality and effectiveness of industrial work practice programs while creating consistent synergy between schools and industry partners. The study employs Research and Development (R&D) methodology with a waterfall development model or linear sequential model. Data collection was supported through field observations and interviews with school stakeholders, including teachers, students, and industry department heads. This methodology provided valid data for application development by identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in creating the Prakerin.com application. Student questionnaires were used as research instruments, and Flutter was utilized as the development platform. The research aims to create an Android-based industrial work practice information system that is attractive, valid, practical, and effective. Additionally, it seeks to facilitate teacher-student communication during industrial work practice implementation to support optimal assessment results and enhance student competency development
... However, the distinction between UI and UX can be unclear, so Nielsen (1994) consolidated the standards and proposed 10 criteria for effective UI/UX: (1) visibility of system status, (2) match between the system and the real world, (3) user control and freedom, (4) consistency and standards, (5) error prevention, (6) no need for recall, (7) flexibility and efficiency of use, (8) simple, clear, and aesthetically pleasing design, (9) support in case of errors, and (10) help and documentation (Nielsen, 1994). The concept of "Match between system and real world" was not addressed by Shneiderman (1992), and it refers to using user-friendly language and common terminology, concepts, icons, and menus (Nielsen, 1994). "Simple, clear, and aesthetic design" means organizing the interface with minimal irrelevant information and ensuring it has an aesthetically pleasing design (Nielsen, 1994). ...
... Later, Bertini et al. (2007, p. 788) revised the criteria of Shneiderman (1992) and Nielsen (1994) into eight categories: (1) visibility of system status, (2) match between the system and the real world, (3) consistency and alignment, (4) ergonomic and minimal design, (5) ease of input, readability, and referencing, (6) flexibility, efficiency of use, and personalization, (7) security and social conventions, and (8) practical error management. These new criteria clarified the need for ease of input, readability, and quick reference of important information, while emphasizing the protection of user data and adherence to social conventions (Bertini et al., 2007, p. 788). ...
... Since Nielsen (1994) synthesized Shneiderman's (1992) criteria to establish UI/UX evaluation standards, many scholars have proposed new criteria. Nevertheless, the primary evaluation scale used in heuristic evaluation today is Nielsen's (1994) scale. ...
... Thus, in the HCI literature, it has been shown that putting users at the center is key to designing interfaces and workflows that support this internal "locus of control". In HCAI, Shneiderman [18,33] proposed a bi-dimensional framework that includes various levels of human control paired with computer automation, aiming simultaneously for the highest possible levels of both human control and computer automation. In fact, one of the main golden rules of interface design in HCAI is that developers need to "[k]eep users in control" [33]. ...
... In HCAI, Shneiderman [18,33] proposed a bi-dimensional framework that includes various levels of human control paired with computer automation, aiming simultaneously for the highest possible levels of both human control and computer automation. In fact, one of the main golden rules of interface design in HCAI is that developers need to "[k]eep users in control" [33]. This need means that new AI technologies should be developed in ways that do not "[jeopardize] human control, agency, and autonomy" [29]. ...
Abstract: Two key pillars of human-centered AI (HCAI) approaches are "control" and "autonomy". To date, little is known about professional translators' attitudes towards these concepts in the AI era. This paper explores this issue through a survey study of US-based professional translators in mid-2024. Methodologically, this paper presents a qualitative analysis of open-ended questions through thematic coding to identify themes related to (1) present conceptualizations of control and autonomy over translation technologies, (2) future attitudes towards control and autonomy in the AI era, (3) main threats and challenges, and (4) recommendations to developers to enhance perceptions of control and autonomy. The results show that professionals perceive control and autonomy differently in both the present and the future. The main themes are usability, the ability to turn on and off technologies or reject jobs that require specific technologies, collaboration with developers, and differences in working with LSPs versus private clients. In terms of future attitudes, the most frequent ones are post-editing, quality, communicating or informing clients, LSPs or society at large, and creativity or rates. Overall, the study helps identify how professionals conceptualize control and autonomy and what specific issues could help foster the development of truly human-centered AI in the translation profession. Citation: Jiménez-Crespo, M.A. Human-Centered AI and the Future of Translation Technologies: What Professionals Think About Control and Autonomy in the AI Era. Information 2025, 16, 387.
... Menurut [8], Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer adalah sebuah disiplin ilmu yang berhubungan dengan perancanga, evaluasi, dan implementasi sistem computer interaktif untuk digunakan oleh manusia, serta mempelajari fenomena-fenomena besar yang berhubungan dengannya. ...
Sistem informasi akademik universitas (SIAKAD) mengalami penyempurnaan pada versi yang kedua. Peningkatan versi ini perlu dilakukan evaluasi mengenai peningkatan yang ada pada versi terbaru. Selama ini layanan SIAKAD v2 belum diukur kualitasnya berdasarkan penggunaan akhir atau pengunjung website. Belum adanya pengukuran ini pengelola belum dapat menerima umpan balik tentang sistem tersebut terhadap layanan optimat pada mahasiswa. Pada penelitian ini, kualitas SIAKAD v2 diukur dengan menggunakan metode WebQual. WebQual merupakan alat instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas suatu website menurut perspektif pengguna akhir. Pada penelitian ini menganalisa layanan Siakad v2 dengan teknik dan pendekatan yang digunakan dengan kuesioner berdasarkan metode Webqual versi 4.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 variabel yaitu kualitas penggunaan, kualitas informasi, kualitas interaksi. Tujuan penilitian ini untuk mengukur kualitas website Siakad v2 yang ditinjau dari sisi kepuasan pengguna akhir. Hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil bahwa kualitas informasi pada SIAKAD v2 tidak mempengaruhi kepuasan pengguna akhir secara signifikan. website Siakad v2 masih perlu peningkatan dalam layanan kepuasan penggunanya.
... The modular design of these loaders supports scalability, enabling the system to handle large-scale data processing, as discussed by Sun and Wen [17]. Additionally, this design improves the user experience by making the system more intuitive and easier to use, aligning with the principles of user-centred design [18]. ...
In this paper, we propose a set of best practices for the responsible adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education. These best practices provide a comprehensive framework for higher education institutions to effectively and ethically integrate Generative AI into their teaching and learning practices. The framework prioritises a responsible and human-centred approach, alongside pedagogical soundness, careful planning, transparency, as well as content quality. By exploring the responsible adoption of Generative AI in higher education, we seek to provide scalable, personalised learning experiences for large cohorts of students. Our research focuses on harnessing Generative AI to offer tailored educational content and generate constructive feedback for students. Additionally, by adhering to responsible AI practices, we aim to address challenges such as misinformation, copyright violations, and bias.
... When integrated with modern computational tools like Python-a language widely adopted for its scientific libraries (e.g., NumPy for matrix operations)-this method enables efficient analysis of diverse crystal systems [8]. To improve accessibility, an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) reduces the technical barrier to performing complex calculations, aligning with human-computer interaction principles that prioritize usability in specialized workflows [9]. Historically, crystallography software tools were limited in scope, often supporting only high-symmetry systems (e.g., Cubic or Hexagonal), which restricted their utility for emerging materials with low-symmetry lattices [10]. ...
Accurate characterization of crystalline materials is critical for advancing low-carbon energy systems, pollution remediation, and sustainable infrastructure—applications where structural precision directly impacts environmental and economic sustainability. This study introduces a Python-based GUI tool that streamlines lattice parameter calculations by integrating the Cramer-Cohen algorithm, which applies Bragg’s law and crystallographic geometry to transform complex analyses into an efficient workflow. The interface enables users to select five crystal systems (cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic), input X-ray diffraction angles (2θ) and Miller indices (khl), and automatically compute lattice parameters. Three-dimensional visualizations enhance interpretability of results, while open-source accessibility ensures broad applicability. Validated against reference data, the tool achieves errors ranging from 0.03% to 2.88%. By bridging advanced material characterization with sustainable development goals, this GUI democratizes crystallographic analysis for interdisciplinary teams, empowering researchers in energy harvesting, catalysis, and eco-friendly material design. Its computational efficiency and user-centric design support transdisciplinary innovation, reinforcing the role of accessible tools in accelerating sustainable technologies.
... We reduced the data further by including only frequent words (Zipf distribution [Fra20]) and specifically used three vocab- The notion of uncomplicated interfaces is deeply ingrained in human-computer interaction. One of Jakob Nielsen's principles is toward "aesthetic and minimalist design"; Shneiderman recom-mends maintaining simplicity in design [SP10], while Baldonado et al. [WWK00] emphasise the need for economical view use (view parsimony) in multiple coordinated view systems [Rob07], as supported by quantification analysis [CZL*20]. Rather than using hundreds of visualisations, we focused on a few specific wellcrafted visual depictions, and on text visualisation [KK15; CC16; LWC*18; AL19]. ...
One of the challenges when developing a visualisation tool, especially at the start of a research project, is to amalgamate numerous requirements and various possibilities and decide what to create. With software development, it is too easy to incorporate all ideas, but quickly the tool becomes unusable, with feature overload. We reflect on designing and building the ColloCaid collocation visualisation editor, especially our conceptual focus on simplicity. We were inspired by Hemingway's iceberg theory of deliberate omission, to help frame the visualisation challenge and achieve clarity and focused design. The ColloCaid tool enables people to discover collocations, to help people improve vocabulary and fluency as they write. It was developed by a multidisciplinary team of applied linguists, lexicographers, human-computer interaction and visualisation experts. We promote focused design and problem solving, in visualisation, highlight concepts, including parti, design essence, and simplification. We provide a collection of insights that hold potential to evolve into a structured set of design guidelines, offering valuable direction to researchers.
... For features like QR code activation (B1), flexibility is key-choosing between QR codes and NFC technology based on campus infrastructure can enhance convenience. These decisions follow the "resource optimization principle" in HCI (Preece et al., 1994;Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010), ensuring that development efforts focus on high-impact features. ...
The rise of e-commerce has significantly increased courier packaging waste, posing challenges for sustainable waste management, particularly in university settings where high consumption exacerbates recycling difficulties. However, existing recycling bins suffer from low user engagement due to insufficient consideration of user needs. This study employs the Kano model to analyze university students' demands for smart courier packaging recycling bins, classifying these needs and proposing design optimization strategies to enhance user satisfaction and participation. Through semi-structured interviews (n=12) and a questionnaire survey (n=395), the study identifies demand categories and their impact on user satisfaction. Results indicate that the absence of four Must-be requirements, such as safety and basic functionality) leads to strong dissatisfaction, while optimizing five One-dimensional requirements, such as interactive experience and environmental adaptability) directly enhances satisfaction. Additionally, three Attractive requirements, such as real-time feedback and incentive mechanisms) significantly boost user participation, whereas six Indifferent requirements exert minimal impact. Based on satisfaction and dissatisfaction coefficients, the study prioritizes user needs and proposes optimization strategies, including strengthening safety measures, simplifying interaction processes, and integrating incentive mechanisms. These findings provide practical insights for improving recycling systems in university environments and extend the Kano model's application in sustainable design. Furthermore, these insights contribute to sustainable waste management solutions applicable in wider urban contexts beyond universities.
... Furthermore, in software development, user interface theory is also an important foundation. Good user interface design principles, such as readability, consistency, and intuitive layout, can enhance the user experience in interpreting data visualizations (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010). Grasping basic computer science concepts, particularly in data processing and graphical representation, is also essential. ...
Vocational High School (SMK) aims to prepare students with the skills and knowledge required to meet industry demands. Recognizing the importance of data analysis and visualization in the workforce, this community service focuses on enhancing these competencies among SMKN 04 Kota Bengkulu students, particularly those in the Software Engineering program. A community service program was conducted to train students in utilizing Power BI for real-time and interactive data visualization. The training program included preparatory surveys, module development, and practical workshops. Students actively participated, demonstrating a greater interest and understanding of data visualization concepts. Evaluation results showed that 89% of participants found the training beneficial, and 84% mastered Power BI’s visualization techniques. The outcomes highlight the program's effectiveness in equipping students with industry-relevant skills, emphasizing the need for similar initiatives targeting broader student groups. This project bridges the gap between vocational education and the digital economy's demands.
... This utilization may contribute to increased productivity and accessibility, as well as enhanced user experiences. Designing the GUI is a [15]. According to the International Organization (ISO) for usability's definition, usability refers to "the degree to which specified users can utilize a product to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use" [16]. ...
The Conjugate Gradient (CG) method is a proficient numerical technique for solving Unconstrained Optimisation (UO) problems. The greatest challenge of the CG algorithm is the complexity and time-consuming nature of data collection, especially when dealing with complex or extensive problems. Hence, a suitable interface is required to overcome this drawback. One implementation of such an interface is a graphical user interface (GUI), which can offer a user-friendly means of inputting parameters and displaying results. The GUI simplifies the data collection process, enhancing efficiency and speeding up its application in CG method research. This paper utilised MATLAB application designer to construct a GUI using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based evaluation method as a guideline. The integration of AHP helped to optimise the GUI design in terms of usability and effectiveness, thereby ensuring that the final product meets essential criteria. The AHP analysis revealed that accuracy, task completion time, response time, consistency, completeness, and ease of use are the five most important criteria for assessing GUI usability. The new CG-MATLAB GUI has been noted to meet the essential usability criteria.
... Prior research in network systems [19,62] and bioinformatics [44,50] has shown that interactive visualizations of large-scale, complex datasets [13] can reveal unexpected patterns and generate novel insights. Extending from the work in these fields, our work aims to design and build an interactive pipeline that, following best design practices [61], facilitates researchers' discovery process while securely handling the private screen data from which the discoveries are derived. Invoking Shneiderman's framework for creativity [60], we designed an interactive system that might allow users to experience "aha" moments [59] by approaching problems from multiple perspectives, zooming in and out of the data, and by offering low floors and high ceiling [48] simultaneously providing beginners with accessibility and experts with advanced functionalities and customization. ...
... Prior research in network systems [19,62] and bioinformatics [44,50] has shown that interactive visualizations of large-scale, complex datasets [13] can reveal unexpected patterns and generate novel insights. Extending from the work in these fields, our work aims to design and build an interactive pipeline that, following best design practices [61], facilitates researchers' discovery process while securely handling the private screen data from which the discoveries are derived. Invoking Shneiderman's framework for creativity [60], we designed an interactive system that might allow users to experience "aha" moments [59] by approaching problems from multiple perspectives, zooming in and out of the data, and by offering low floors and high ceiling [48] simultaneously providing beginners with accessibility and experts with advanced functionalities and customization. ...
As digital media use continues to evolve and influence various aspects of life, developing flexible and scalable tools to study complex media experiences is essential. This study introduces the Media Content Atlas (MCA), a novel pipeline designed to help researchers investigate large-scale screen data beyond traditional screen-use metrics. Leveraging multimodal large language models (MLLMs), MCA enables moment-by-moment content analysis, content-based clustering, topic modeling, image retrieval, and interactive visualizations. Evaluated on 1.12 million smartphone screenshots continuously captured during screen use from 112 adults over an entire month, MCA facilitates open-ended exploration and hypothesis generation as well as hypothesis-driven investigations at an unprecedented scale. Expert evaluators underscored its usability and potential for research and intervention design, with clustering results rated 96% relevant and descriptions 83% accurate. By bridging methodological possibilities with domain-specific needs, MCA accelerates both inductive and deductive inquiry, presenting new opportunities for media and HCI research.
... There is a rich body of teaching materials on machine learning and artificial intelligence (Russell and Norvig 2016;Bishop 2006;Flach 2012). Similarly, there is a plethora of information on human-computer interaction, including several textbooks (Dix 2004;Preece, Rogers, and Sharp 2015;Shneiderman and Plaisant 2010). This course addresses the gap in between-how do we build systems bestowed with AI that allow users to achieve their goals in ways that are effective, efficient, and safe? ...
Human–Computer Interaction for AI Systems Design is an eight-week short online course aimed at professional students. It is part of an online course platform called Cambridge Advance Online, which is a joint effort between Cambridge University Press & Assessment and the University of Cambridge. This course launched in July 2023 amidst a massive increase in interest in AI and its applications, and quickly became one of the platform's highest-enrolling courses, attracting about 50 students per quarterly course run. To date, more than 200 students have completed the course, and more than 90 percent have rated their experience `good' or `excellent'. This paper reports on our experiences in designing and teaching this course.
... Addressing psychosocial needs (Neumann et al., 2021) is also paramount, as workplace factors such as job demands, autonomy, and support (Norman, 2013) influence how users interact with XAI. Avoiding unnecessary complexity in system interfaces enhances adaptability and user satisfaction while offering flexible pathways and shortcuts for experienced users fosters efficiency without compromising accessibility (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010). Immediate and clear feedback ensures users understand the outcomes of their actions and the system's state, reinforcing transparency and control (Sanders & McCormick, 1993). ...
This paper examines the integration of human factors engineering into Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to develop AI systems that are both human-centered and technically robust. The increasing use of AI technologies in high-stakes domains, such as healthcare, finance, and emergency response, underscores the urgent need for explainability, trust, and transparency. However, the field of XAI faces critical challenges, including the absence of standardized definitions and evaluation frameworks, which hinder the assessment and effectiveness of explainability techniques. Human factors engineering, an interdisciplinary field focused on optimizing human-system interactions, offers a comprehensive framework to address these challenges. By applying principles such as user-centered design, error management, and system adaptability, human factors engineering ensures AI systems align with human cognitive abilities and behavioral patterns. This alignment enhances usability, fosters trust, and reduces blind reliance on AI by ensuring explanations are clear, actionable, and tailored to diverse user needs. Additionally, human factors engineering emphasizes inclusivity and accessibility, promoting equitable AI systems that serve varied populations effectively. This paper explores the intersection of HFE and XAI, highlighting their complementary roles in bridging algorithmic complexity with actionable understanding. It further investigates how human factors engineering principles address sociotechnical challenges, including fairness, accountability, and inclusivity, in AI deployment. The findings demonstrate that the integration of human factors engineering and XAI advances the creation of AI systems that are not only technologically sophisticated but also ethically aligned and user-focused. This interdisciplinary synergy is a pathway to develop equitable, effective, and trustworthy AI solutions, fostering informed decision-making and enhancing user confidence across diverse applications.
... Addressing psychosocial needs (Neumann et al., 2021) is also paramount, as workplace factors such as job demands, autonomy, and support (Norman, 2013) influence how users interact with XAI. Avoiding unnecessary complexity in system interfaces enhances adaptability and user satisfaction while offering flexible pathways and shortcuts for experienced users fosters efficiency without compromising accessibility (Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2010). Immediate and clear feedback ensures users understand the outcomes of their actions and the system's state, reinforcing transparency and control (Sanders & McCormick, 1993). ...
This paper examines the integration of human factors engineering into Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to develop AI systems that are both human-centered and technically robust. The increasing use of AI technologies in high-stakes domains, such as healthcare, finance, and emergency response, underscores the urgent need for explainability, trust, and transparency. However, the field of XAI faces critical challenges, including the absence of standardized definitions and evaluation frameworks, which hinder the assessment and effectiveness of explainability techniques. Human factors engineering, an interdisciplinary field focused on optimizing human-system interactions, offers a comprehensive framework to address these challenges. By applying principles such as user-centered design, error management, and system adaptability, human factors engineering ensures AI systems align with human cognitive abilities and behavioral patterns. This alignment enhances usability, fosters trust, and reduces blind reliance on AI by ensuring explanations are clear, actionable, and tailored to diverse user needs. Additionally, human factors engineering emphasizes inclusivity and accessibility, promoting equitable AI systems that serve varied populations effectively. This paper explores the intersection of HFE and XAI, highlighting their complementary roles in bridging algorithmic complexity with actionable understanding. It further investigates how human factors engineering principles address sociotechnical challenges, including fairness, accountability, and inclusivity, in AI deployment. The findings demonstrate that the integration of human factors engineering and XAI advances the creation of AI systems that are not only technologically sophisticated but also ethically aligned and user-focused. This interdisciplinary synergy is a pathway to develop equitable, effective, and trustworthy AI solutions, fostering informed decision-making and enhancing user confidence across diverse applications.
... Each button was specifically designed to trigger a corresponding command. Consequently, we proposed concepts for a customized side panel with buttons to help Tom work more efficiently through rapid prototyping techniques to communicate our ideas effectively [11] (see Figure 1). ...
... First, usability was categorized, considering Shneiderman [98] and Nielsen [99] heuristics. Furthermore, being accessibility valuable for users with cognitive diseases, the Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG 2.0) [100] was also used to classify design principles. ...
Emerging hardware and software technologies have increased the development of technological solutions for people, particularly those focused on older adults’ healthcare. Human-computer interaction is a research area that uses motion capture devices as input interaction devices, e.g., touch screen devices, wearables, eye trackers, and more. Numerous primary studies have provided support and training tools for older people with physical and cognitive diseases. However, there is a need for more secondary studies that systematically summarize and evidence these solutions. To address this gap, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and interpret all studies from 2006 to 2023 that present human-computer techniques, motion capture devices, tools, and methodologies for older adults’ physical and cognitive training and support. The review aims to answer the research question: " What devices and applications of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) can be used to support the neuropsychological and motor condition of older adults?". The review identified 1140 potential papers from automatic searches in three digital libraries and manual searches in specialized journals and conferences. Three domain experts (computer engineer, electronics engineer, and psychologist) reviewed the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected 79 papers for the review. Additionally, Fleiss’ kappa measure was used to achieve agreement between raters. The results provide a comprehensive overview of the state of research in this area, which can assist researchers in identifying weaknesses, directing research efforts, and new research lines. Additionally, the results can serve as a reference guide for professionals in technical and health areas who can contribute to creating better and innovative solutions to aid the older population’s physical and cognitive training and support.
... There are many interface design principles, such as Johnson's nine principles [95], Shneiderman's eight golden rules [96], and Gestalt principles [97]. Although there is no complete consensus on the primary design principles, most of them share some core ideas. ...
In multi-user collaborative interaction systems, the interface serves not only as a medium for human–computer interaction but also as a crucial channel for communication between users. Consequently, the quality of collaborative interface design directly impacts the overall effectiveness of the system. In collaborative systems, different users typically assume distinct roles, and task flows are typically more complex. Compared to single-user interfaces, multi-user collaborative interfaces must account for a broader range of collaboration requirements and characteristics. Although a substantial body of theoretical and practical research on user interface design exists, design methods specifically for multi-user collaborative interaction interfaces are still lacking. Therefore, this study builds on the existing theories and case studies of collaborative systems, extending user-centered design methods. The study emphasizes the analysis of task flows and role relationships in multi-user collaboration and integrates collaboration needs and characteristics throughout every stage of the interface design process. Ultimately, we propose a methodological framework for interface design tailored to multi-user collaborative interaction systems, aiming to provide theoretical support for the development of more advanced and comprehensive collaborative systems.
... Ensuring clear and intelligible material is especially important for improving accessibility since it allows information to be accessed by people with varying literacy levels and cognitive capacities. So, easily readable material encourages confidence, credibility, and a favorable user experience, which contributes to user satisfaction and effective communication [14]. ...
... In contrast to the conventional coding back-end, this system can promptly execute the designer's plan and develop page structures in less time [60,65]. Furthermore, this system is compatible with multiple platforms, such as WordPress, Magento, and Shopify [65]. ...
Extended Reality (XR) technology has demonstrated tremendous potential in diverse domains such as education, commerce, and medicine. Web services constitute an integral and indispensable aspect of modern society, providing various avenues for social communication. Given the increasing adoption of XR devices, web services must be made available on these platforms to cater to the evolving needs of users. However, the current state of Web XR still presents certain challenges, such as hardware and software limitations, leading to inadequate support for web services on XR devices. Thus, this study aims to investigate utilizing XR technology to enhance user experiences in web services. I evaluated user experience of Web 2D user interfaces (UI) on XR platforms with 80 participants using pre-test and post-test design. Results showed inferior performance on XR platforms compared to the desktop group, providing reference for UI researchers to improve Web UIs on XR platforms. This work aimed to offer a reliable and critical point of reference for UI researchers in their efforts to enhance the Web UI in XR platforms. This study examined potential strategies to enhance the user experience of Web XR UIs. The research developed a Web XR UIs principle featuring XR-specific characteristics and componentization design in static websites. A SUI was proposed to provide users with an immersive, exploratory, and readable experience. The experimental outcomes indicated that the principle could improve the user experience with SUIs (Spatial User Interfaces). While the fundamental UI principle provides a smooth SUI experience, it primarily adheres to 2D interactions in order to minimize the cost of reconstructing UIs for web services. However, this approach neglects many spatial and interactive features. Therefore, my study needs to address how to design an efficient framework that accommodates a greater number of interactive elements, content, and data. This study focused on the area of online reading services. Unlike existing XR reading samples that simply advertise 2D UI or media in reality, this study designed an adaptive UI framework encompassing three aspects: 3D layout, navigation, and data visualization. The framework aimed to enhance the efficiency and immersion of online reading by providing users with a seamless spatial reading experience. To precisely measure user feedback, I conducted a comprehensive user experiment that included self-report questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and listening module data. The experiment provided evidence that XR interactions can effectively enhance website layout. The research demonstrated that the framework has the potential to increase participant enthusiasm and make a valuable contribution toward improving the user experience in the Web XR UI field.
This study analyses the effect of ease of use, user experience, and customer satisfaction on user behaviour of e-commerce applications for students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya. The method used is causal associative quantitative with data collection through questionnaires on 122 respondents. The results showed that the three variables had a significant effect on user behaviour. Ease of use (p = 0.026), user experience (p = 0.002), and customer satisfaction (p = 0.002) each have a positive influence on user behaviour. Simultaneously, these three factors also had a significant effect (Fcount = 25.059, p = 0.001). The findings support the theories of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and Customer Experience Theory (CET). The practical implication is that app developers need to focus on easy-to-use design, pleasant user experience, and increased customer satisfaction to increase loyalty. This study has limitations in the sample of university students and the cross-sectional method which does not allow for long-term generalisation.
The integration of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies into library presents a transformative opportunity to enhance user experiences, promote innovative learning, and improve access to information. The purpose of this research is to examine the state of research on the virtual and augmented reality in the library including understanding the hotspots and new research directions. The study was conducted using bibliometrics approach based on data collected from Scopus database. The retrieval yielded 4001 items and covered the period 1973 and 2023. The years 2020–2023 mark the most substantial period of activity. The keywords cluster in four categories namely - technological components and applications, and computational methods, human and social aspects of VR/AR use, and interface and user interaction. The research hotspots are (1) Core Technologies, (2) Applications, and (3) Research Methodologies and Trends while the three emerging areas are - Emerging Technologies and Methods, Class 2: User Interaction and Interface Design, Class 3: Niche Applications in Libraries. The integration of VR and AR into library systems demonstrates their evolution from experimental concepts to practical tools, enhancing user engagement and supporting academic, cultural, and educational functions. The study of VR and AR in libraries reveals a clear trajectory of growth and maturity, with research efforts expanding significantly, particularly after 2000. Advances in technology and evolving user needs—such as remote access demands during the COVID-19 pandemic—have driven innovation, shifting the focus from foundational studies to applied, mature research in library settings.
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated complex language comprehension, making them potential tools for psychological research. However, challenges remain in assessing their psychological properties, particularly regarding prompt design, comparison with human data, and the ability to simulate real-world psychological differences across cultural groups. This study investigates how LLMs respond to personality assessments and cultural variables, addressing gaps in previous research.
In three studies, we explored the impact of model parameters and prompt variations on LLM responses to personality tests. Study 1 examined how temperature, model type, and prompt templates influenced LLM responses, revealing that while temperature settings had minimal impact, prompt variations led to significant differences. Study 2 compared LLMs’ self-report personality scores with human data (N = 18,192–49,159), finding that LLMs scored higher in positive traits (e.g., extroversion) and lower in negative traits (e.g., psychopathy), reflecting their training biases. Study 3 tested LLMs’ ability to simulate cultural differences by assessing virtual subjects from China and the USA. While significant differences were observed between the groups, both demonstrated East Asian self-construal patterns, indicating limitations in simulating authentic cultural psychological differences.
These findings highlight the influence of prompt design on LLM responses, the divergence between LLM and human personality profiles, and the difficulty of simulating accurate cultural psychological differences. These results underscore the need for more refined methodologies in psychological simulations using LLMs and suggest that current models struggle to represent diverse human psychological traits accurately.
Technology use is always gendered: ideas about a person’s abilities shape their approach to technologies and thus their digital agency. Yet, approaches towards fostering digital agency often focus only on competencies, falling short of accounting for the relationality and situatedness of agency. Based on a survey with 411 persons, we assessed gendered stereotype threat and agency-related experiences. We designed a workshop concept for providing spaces for agency exploration. We developed roles that address various gender-related stereotypes and embedded the workshop in a playful sci-fi setting. Through participant observations and group interviews, we analysed its potential.
Our results show the relevance of understanding gendered notions and the need for a nuanced understanding of digital agency beyond dualistic thinking. Addressing stereotypes in digital agency must acknowledge the sociality and relationality of gender. Moreover, gendered aspects of identity can even serve as a basis for playful agency enactment and exploration, particularly through making.
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a crucial role in shaping modern technology, enhancing user experience, accessibility, and efficiency in digital systems. HCI integrates disciplines like psychology, design, and computer science to create intuitive interfaces that improve the way users interact with machines. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of HCI, including usability principles, interaction design, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and gesture-based interactions. Additionally, the paper examines the challenges in HCI, such as accessibility barriers, cognitive overload, and security concerns. By analyzing current trends and future advancements, this study highlights the importance of HCI in designing intelligent, user-friendly, and inclusive digital experiences.
Despite the many studies investigated the impact of icon design on usability in the past, few have compared outline icons with solid icons. This study combines familiarity training, recognition tasks, and visual search tasks to explore how icon design style and internal cognitive characteristics jointly affect visual perception. A total of 120 pairs of solid icons and corresponding outline icons were collected and designed. Subsequently, participants were asked to rate icons based on familiarity and concreteness, excluding those that were either too familiar or too unfamiliar. After 27 participants were familiarized with all of the icons over two training sessions, they were required to complete the task of recalling icons with relevant semantic meanings. Finally, to further decompose the users' visual perception process, participants' ability to visually search for icons was additionally tested. The results indicated that participants performed significantly better at recognizing and visually searching for solid icons, especially when they were unfamiliar. However, the visual perception advantage decreased with an increase in familiarity. In addition, strong evidence was found indicating that concrete solid icons have the highest visual search performance. The findings in this study provide practical guidelines for user interface design.
재난 관리와 긴급 상황 대응에서 사용자 경험(UX)은사람의 생명과 안전을 보장하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문은 행정안전부에서 제공하는 재난 대응 애플리케이션인 안전디딤돌 앱에 초점을 맞추어, 긴급성, 다양성, 효율성의 세 가지 핵심 요소를 중심으로 HCI(Human-Computer Interaction) 개선 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 GOMS(Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules) 모델을 사용하여 사용자의 작업 흐름을 분석하고, 재난 대응에 필요한 정보 제공 및 인터페이스 디자인을 최적화하는 방법을 탐구한다.
This chapter explores theoretical frameworks including cognitive science, system thinking, and sociotechnical systems, illustrating the evolution of UX from simple usability to encompass emotional, attitudinal, and behavioural dimensions of user interactions with technology. The chapter highlights the challenges of designing inclusive technologies that accommodate a wide array of user demographics, abilities, and cultural backgrounds. It emphasises the shift from human–machine interface (HMI) to human–machine cooperation (HMC), advocating for technology that supports cooperative interactions rather than mere functionality. Central themes include the integration of advanced technologies such as AI and machine learning, and their impact on the development of responsive, adaptive UX that anticipates user needs. The discussion extends into industry-specific applications, showcasing how UX principles are applied in health care, automotive, and sustainable energy sectors to enhance interaction and efficiency. The chapter proposes a system thinking approach in UX design, promoting a holistic view that recognises complex user interactions within service ecosystems. It concludes by reflecting on the ethical dimensions of UX design, stressing the importance of privacy, security, and inclusivity in creating technology that aligns with human values and needs.
This paper presents a simple, effective, and cost-efficient strategy to improve LLM performance by scaling test-time compute. Our strategy builds upon the repeated-sampling-then-voting framework, with a novel twist: incorporating multiple models, even weaker ones, to leverage their complementary strengths that potentially arise from diverse training data and paradigms. By using consistency as a signal, our strategy dynamically switches between models. Theoretical analysis highlights the efficiency and performance advantages of our strategy. Extensive experiments on six datasets demonstrate that our strategy not only outperforms self-consistency and state-of-the-art multi-agent debate approaches, but also significantly reduces inference costs. Additionally, ModelSwitch requires only a few comparable LLMs to achieve optimal performance and can be extended with verification methods, demonstrating the potential of leveraging multiple LLMs in the generation-verification paradigm.
Most farmers heavily rely on inorganic fertilizers to boost crop yields. However,
inorganic fertilizers severely negatively affect the environment and human health.
Inorganic fertilizers contribute to soil, air, and water pollution and, in some cases,
can lead to diseases such as cancer and chronic kidney ailments. The adoption of
organic fertilizers can mitigate adverse environmental impacts while improving the
quality and healthiness of soil and agricultural produce. However, very limited
studies have been conducted on using organic fertilizers, especially with the
application of information technology in developing countries like Sri Lanka.
Therefore, in this study, developed an Internet of Things (IoT) device to capture the
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium levels in the soil and a system to recommend
farmers prepare the soil for high yield based on the crop types and age of the crop.
The application EcoGrowAdviser was developed as a case-based study. The study
was conducted in a selected suburb area in Sri Lanka's Colombo district. The
researcher conducted a comprehensive literature review. Other than that, to
understand the existing situation, a pre-survey was conducted after identifying 10
Subject Matter Experts. The system was tested using Twenty farmers located in the
Colombo suburb areas. The system faces limitations such as a restricted selection of
natural sources, limited crop coverage, and farmers' insufficient knowledge of
organic fertilizers. Integrating technological advancements like pH, humidity,
moisture sensors, and zonal soil analysis are future improvements for this system to
refine fertilizer recommendations.
The HCI research community has traditionally considered digital wellbeing an end-user responsibility, designing tools for digital self-control that support them to self-regulate their usage of apps and websites. Yet, these attempts are often ineffective in the long term, as many tech companies still adopt “attention-capture” designs that compromise users’ sense of agency and self-control. Taking a complementary perspective, this paper presents a set of eight heuristics to create user interfaces that preserve and respect user attention by design . The heuristics stem from a systematic literature review and are grounded in the three fundamental psychological needs defined by the self-determination theory, i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness. In addition to being informed by theory and research, each heuristic is accompanied by practical strategies and real-world examples, offering designers actionable guidelines to value people’s attention in user interfaces.
In the era of project-based learning (PjBL), the quality of student learning is a primary concern. However, often the quality of user interface (UI) in these projects is neglected. Therefore, we conducted intensive training using Figma to enhance UI quality in PjBL projects. With a practical approach, students were encouraged to become more engaged and understand UI design concepts better. The results were surprising: there was a significant improvement in the quality of student project UIs. Not only were they more actively involved, but they were also able to apply good design principles. These findings offer new hope in curriculum development and teaching practices for the future, reinforcing Figma's contribution to enhancing student learning quality.
This paper proposes to consider the question “What kind of other can an AI be for a human?”, to analyse a set of ethical and societal challenges associated with a hypothetical massive deployment of “AIs as others” in society (social robots, artificial companions, chatbots with relational purposes such as friendship or romantic partnership, etc.). The proposed answer is that six features characterize “AIs as others”: serviceable, commodified, surveillant, authoritative, techno-standardized, and interiority-less. The implications of each feature are explored in depth, proposing three possible future scenarios (confusion, degradation, transformation), of which only the transformation scenario would be ethically acceptable. Through this analysis, a central thesis is developed, namely, that one of the main challenges of the transformation that “AIs as others” may catalyse is the adequate understanding of the otherness of AIs in relationship to humans. The conclusion is that for society to develop this adequate understanding, a new kind of “other” must be constructed, tailored to the characteristics of “AIs as others”. For it, a new term will be required (it is proposed “analytical other” [AO]), along with a suitable ontological status and a set of admissible roles. This socio-cultural creation of a new kind of other will require a transformation, a more mature and nuanced sense of otherness. The paper concludes by giving some recommendations to bring forth this transformation and proposing some questions and hypotheses that may inspire further research.
In digital identity wallets, users can store and manage their digital identities and verification documents such as driving licences and membership cards. Current digital identity wallets face notable challenges in user experience and information security. Users struggle to understand the concept of digital identity wallets, resulting in personal information being either inadequately stored or inadvertently shared with untrustworthy parties. Thus, digital identity wallets should provide a sufficient level of user experience and information security. For evaluating and improving user experience and information security, heuristics can be used to check the degree of fulfilment for each heuristic and to improve digital identity wallets according to the respective heuristics.
This paper reports on the development and evaluation of user experience and information security heuristics for digital identity wallets. To this end, an existing method for user experience heuristics was adapted to also cover information security heuristics. As particular evaluation methods, expert interviews and heuristic evaluations were applied. In total, twelve user experience and six information security heuristics were developed and evaluated.
Needs analysis is conducted in module development research to ensure that the products produced can meet the needs of users. Failure to master reading skills early in schooling will lead to failure to master other skills, resulting in the student dropping out of continuing to develop their potential. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the need for literacy module development. This study's specific goal is to identify the need for malay literacy teaching management modules based on teachers' perceptions. This study uses a case study design with a qualitative method approach to gather information and data from four teachers who served as the study sample through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to extract themes and sub-themes from the data in order to answer the research questions. The data analysis findings revealed six main themes: (1) Learning Content, (2) Classroom Management, (3) Students' Learning Ability, (4) Module Criteria, (5) Teaching Strategies, and (6) Assessment Needs, indicating the need to develop literacy modules. Aside from the six main themes identified, the recommendations and specifications obtained through interviews with informants provide useful input to researchers for use in designing and developing modules in the next phase, as well as assisting researchers in producing systematic literacy modules.
User-Centered Design (UCD) has emerged as a vital approach in IT product development, emphasizing the importance of involving end-users throughout the design process to ensure usability, satisfaction, and functionality. This research explores the role of UCD in shaping effective IT product development processes, with a focus on how its principles can lead to the creation of more intuitive and user-friendly products. Through a comprehensive literature review, empirical analysis, and case studies, the research investigates the impact of UCD on product development efficiency, user adoption, and long-term success. The findings highlight that UCD significantly enhances product quality, user engagement, and overall market performance. The study concludes by recommending best practices for integrating UCD into IT product development workflows.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.