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Purification of Ammonium Perrhenate Solutions from Potassium by Ion Exchange
... The resulting Recontaining extract is concentrated by evaporation in the sun and purified, for example, with ion exchange resins. After alkalization with ammonia, the commercial product ammonium perrhenate can be obtained (Abisheva and Zagorodnyaya, 2002;Palant et al., 2007;Tzvetkova and Bozhkov, 2008;Zagorodnyaya et al., 2017). Although further experimental validation is required, over 99% of Re recovery as ammonium perrhenate could be expected (Abisheva et al., 2011). ...
Rhenium (Re) is one of the scarcest and more broadly dispersed elements on Earth. Due to its paucity and high demand by the aerospace and petroleum industries, it is also one of the most valuable metals in the international market. In recent years, reports about the occurrence of Re in soils surrounding copper-molybdenum mines and its uptake by the local vegetation have fueled research on the feasibility of Re phytomining. Still, the mechanisms of Re accumulation and its potential retrieval from plant tissue have not been elucidated. Hence, in this work, infrared (IR) spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were employed for the first time to assess how rhenium is accumulated in plants. Moreover, we have proposed a simple methodology based on dry leaf tissue disruption and water rising for recovering Re. The process was tested on the glasshouse-grown alfalfa plants and field samples (Acacia, white clover, and grass) collected in the vicinity of the Assarel-Medet copper mine (Bulgaria), where soil Re levels are high. Our findings demonstrate that following root absorption and translocation, Re was stored in the vacuoles of alfalfa leaf cells as water-soluble potassium perrhenate (KReO4). The solubility of the leaf stored Re compounds was further demonstrated by the proposed aqueous extraction procedure, as mixing 1 g of dry leaf in 30 mL of distilled water during 30 min sufficed to achieve almost complete Re recovery in the ensuing leachates of alfalfa (99.82%), Acacia (97.95%), white clover (99.15%), and grass (99.05%). Although additional research is necessary to confirm the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed Re retrieval at field scale, this study may prove instrumental to increase the economic and environmental viability of Re phytomining.
... Как показала практика, трудноудаляемым элементом является калий. В институте выполнен большой объем исследований по очистке черновой соли от калия перекристаллизацией, сорбцией и мембранным электродиализом [26][27][28][29][30]. Сопоставительный анализ всех методов получения марочной соли из черновой показал, что перекристаллизацией можно получить соль марки АР-0, сорбцией -АР-00, мембранным электродиализом -соль чище, чем АР-00. ...
Inefficient waste management has led to the contamination degradation of various ecological resources. Several physicochemical techniques are already in place to remediate this issue. However, remediation through adsorption presents several advantages over existing physicochemical techniques in terms of cost‐effectiveness. Furthermore, biosorbents present the additional advantage of sustainability and offer remediation of affected natural resources. This chapter presents an overview of the deployment of biosorbents and their potential in conserving natural resources. This chapter also highlights the recovery of metals through used biosorbents. Finally, the chapter discusses current challenges in the implementation of biosorbents.
An enterprise for purification of crude ammonium perrhenate (APR) as well as for rhenium recovery from Re-Ni heat resistant superalloys’ (СМSХ–4, СМSХ–10...) wastes has started its activity at Czech Republic. First type of rhenium raw material - the initial APR, according to Standard TU 48-7-1-90 for AR-0 mark, contains: Re not less than 69,3 %; impurities, ppm: P 90, S 200, Fe 50, Si 20, Mn 2, Mg 8, Ni 2, Al 5, Mo 5, Ca 10, Cu 3, K 40-70, Na 40. By means of ion exchange and electrodialysis approaches the content of impurities might be significantly decreased. Second type of rhenium raw material – metallic wastes of superalloys contains, % mass: Re 3-6; Cr 6.5; Co 9; Mo 0.6; W 6; Ta 6.5; Re 3; Al 5.6; Ti 1; Hf 0.1; Ni 61.7. The resulting APR is of high quality determining the purity of powdery metallic rhenium reduced from it in gaseous hydrogen.
The paper presents results of the study for obtaining perrhenic acid from aqueous ammonium perrhenate solutions by ion exchange. Two ways of perrhenic acid synthesis have been examined: sorption of perrhenate anion on selected anion exchange resins (followed by elution of the sorbed rhenium as HReO4), and sorption of ammonium ion on selected cation exchange resins. The method of ammonium ion sorption on cation exchange resins has proved to be more effective. Using C 160 (H) cation exchange resin, perrhenic acid containing > 300 g/L of Re (after performing concentration in vacuum evaporator) has been obtained, with impurities concentration at the level of: < 1.0 mg/L NH4, ≤ 0.05 mg/L sodium, ≤ 0.20 mg/L potassium, ≤ 0.10 mg/L magnesium and ≤ 0.20 mg/L calcium.
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