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Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students

Authors:
Suprabha Shrivastava at All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Suprabha Shrivastava
Preeti Goyal
Preeti Goyal
Preeti Goyal
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Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari at Noida International University
Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari
Ashok Kumar Patel at Amity University Madhya Pradesh
Ashok Kumar Patel
  • Amity University Madhya Pradesh
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Abstract

Mental health as a being of well being in which individual realize his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, able to make his or her community (World Health Organization, 2014). The present study is aimed to measure the interventional effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health in students. Total 60 subjects of Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar who enrolled in under graduate courses were selected. A mental health scale (Kamlesh Sharma 1996) was administered as a single group pre and post study. Fifteen minutes Bhramari Pranayam exercise session for 20 days used as an intervention variable in the study. Results revealed that Bhramari Pranayama intervention was found significant effect on mental health and increased level of mental health was found in post study in comparison to pre study. This concludes that Bhramari Pranayama provides a means to individual peace, happiness, develops optimism attitude, self esteem and proper coordination between mind and body. Keywords: Mental Health, Bhramari Pranayama
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The International Journal of Indian Psychology
ISSN 2348-5396 (e) | ISSN: 2349-3429 (p)
Volume 4, Issue 2, No. 87, DIP: 18.01.044/20170402
ISBN: 978-1-365-71287-6
http://www.ijip.in | January-March, 2017
© 2017 Srivastava S, Goyal P, Tiwari S, Patel A; licensee IJIP. This is an Open Access Research distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any Medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health
among college Students
Suprabha Srivastava1*, Preeti Goyal2, Shraddhesh Kumar Tiwari3,
Ashok Kumar Patel4
ABSTRACT
Mental health as a being of well being in which individual realize his or her own abilities, can
cope with normal stress of life, can work productively and fruitfully, able to make his or her
community (World Health Organization, 2014). The present study is aimed to measure the
interventional effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health in students. Total 60 subjects of
Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar who enrolled in under graduate courses were selected.
A mental health scale (Kamlesh Sharma 1996) was administered as a single group pre and post
study. Fifteen minutes Bhramari Pranayam exercise session for 20 days used as an intervention
variable in the study. Results revealed that Bhramari Pranayama intervention was found
significant effect on mental health and increased level of mental health was found in post study
in comparison to pre study. This concludes that Bhramari Pranayama provides a means to
individual peace, happiness, develops optimism attitude, self esteem and proper coordination
between mind and body.
Keywords: Mental Health, Bhramari Pranayama
Mental health is a term used to describe either a level of cognitive or emotional well-being or an
absence of mental disorders. From the perspective of the discipline of Positive Psychology or
Holism: "mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life and procure a balance
between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. Mental health is an
expression of one emotion and signifies a successful adaptation to a range of demands". It has
seen as fundamental to physical health and quality of life. It needs to be addressed as important
components of improving overall health and well being of an individual. It is determined by
multiple and interactive social psychological and biological factors just as health and illness in
1 Clinical Psychologist, Department of Neurology, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
2 School of Yoga and Health, Dev Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya (DSVV), Haridwar, U.K., India
3 DDU, University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
4 Clinical Psychologist, Department of Neurology, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
*Responding Author
Received: December 26, 2016; Revision Received: January 22, 2017; Accepted: February 2, 2017
Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 30
general. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines: "Mental health as a being of well-being
in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope up with the normal stresses of
life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her
community."
Man has stepped into the 21st century. Medical scientists are working with many technologies to
offer better health care and this century has made rapid strides in eradicating epidemics and
pandemics through inventions of antibiotic and vaccine. But, in spite of these greater than 100
years, the expected quality of life with harmony and peace seems to be far from reality.
Biochemical, psycho-neuro-physiology, immunological researches are all recognizing the role of
mind or matter and pointing out that lifestyle, suppressed emotions are responsible for most of
the problems either social or in psychological quanta. That's why people are moving towards
alternative therapies. One of these is Yoga. It is a science not less than 5000 years old and able to
transform normal man to higher state of harmony and peace both as individual and social being.
The literal meaning of Yoga is "to join", "to add", "to harmonize". In Patanjali Yoga Sutra,
Patanjali states:
"Yogascha chottvritti norodhah"- II/1
Yoga is the restraint (control, mastery) of the modifications (changes, movement, thought-forms)
of the mind field. This is the most fundamental of the yoga sutras; it is the yoga definition. It
defines Yoga, Union, Self realization, Mind Control and Enlightenment.
Yoga is the culmination of psyche and its stuffs. The mind consists of various ongoing thoughts
and already present thought. Yoga helps in removing and culminating those thoughts from
psyche. Yoga is the union of psycho-spiritual and physiological balance of one's identity
(Sandeep Singh, 2009).
Bhramari is a sanskrit word which is derived from "Bhramar" the black Indian bumble bee. It
describes the characteristic humming sound which is produced while exhaling in this breathing
exercise. Karel, Netspar and Bhuti, Swarup (2000) states that "Bhramari Pranayama reduces
anxiety, stress, aggression, insomnia, depression and very useful after neurosurgery". In
Bhramari Pranayama the ear is closed by thumb, eye is blocked by fingers and forehead is
pressed to vibrate with higher amplitude. So, the resonance of mind is enhanced. Bhramari forms
vibrations in the brain. By these vibrations the cerebral cortex sends impulses directly to the
hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland or the master gland.
In present study, it was tried to improve the mental health of the subjects by the yogic practice
named "Bhramari Pranayama". This breathing technique is very much useful for elevating
positive mood and relieving anxiety and depression. This acts miracle in person with thyroid
Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 31
problems. It releases heat from body by perspiration and gives a feeling of pleasure. This
Pranayama is also useful in lowering blood pressure and regulates circulation of blood. Keeping
these views in the mind, the main objective of the study was to investigate the intervention effect
of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health in students.
Hypothesis
1. Bhramari Pranayama sessions would be improves the Mental Health of the students.
RESEARCH METHODS
Participants
A total of 60 under graduate students from various department of Dev Sanskriti
Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, who were consented and ready to cooperate in the study were
selected. The age ranges of the participants were 16 to 20 years. They were selected on the basis
of incidental sampling technique. Participants who were suffering from any chronic disease were
excluded from the study.
Study Design
The goal of the study was to examine the effect of Bhramari Pranayam on mental health, a single
group pre and post study was designed.
Description of Variables
• Experimental Treatment/ Experimental Variable: Bhramari Pranayama (works as an
Independent Variable)
• Dependent Variables: Mental Health
Material and Procedure
A Mental Health Scale (Kamlesh Sharma 1996) was used. It contains 60 items (30 positve and
30 negative statements). The scale has good psychometric properties. The split half reliability
of scale has been found 0.88 and test retest reliability is 0.86. The validity coefficient with
equivalents mental health checklist (Pramod Kumar 1996) was found to be 0.79.
Participants were contacted individually, a healthy rapport was established. The purpose of the
study was told them and requests them to participate in study session. Participants, who were
interested in fifteen minutes Bhramari Pranayam session for 20 days, recruited them. As per our
study design was planned, mental health questionnaire was given. After taking their responses,
participants were monitored regularly 20 days and then again mental health questionnaire was
filled.
Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 32
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The aim of the present study was to investigate the intervention effect of Bhramari Pranayam on
mental health in students. An effort has been made to know the intervention effect of
Bhramary Pranayam on mental health; a paired sample t test was calculated for pre and post data.
Table-1 shows the effect of Bhramaryi Pranayam on mental health. The effect of Bhramary
Pranayam intervention was found significant [t = (59) 5.60, p>.01]. Respective mean clearly
shows the increased mental health score after Bhramary Pranayam intervention in comparison to
pre mental health score. It means the practice of Bhramary Pranayam session increase the mental
health condition of students with constant effort.
Table-1: Mean, SD and t value of students
Study Condition
Mean
S.D.
r
t-value
Pre
74.26
10.25
0.19 5.61**
Post
94.46
10.92
Note: **p>.01
The considerable evidences shows that Pranayama one's to discover the great life force, (Prana)
that exists both within and around us. It is Prana that gives one energy and life. By learning to
control one's breath, one can gain control over their emotions and their other mental states as
well gradually becoming more sensitive to one's mind. How do one breathe also effects the heart,
brain and nervous system, with the direct co-relation between the breath and anxiety, the breath
is shorter, more frequent and quite shallow. The breathing patter maintains a level of arousal.
The Pranayama like Bhramari Pranayama stimulates the reflex of Autonomic Nervous System in
turns the level of noradrenalin, a compound that functions as a hormone and neuro-transmitter in
the nervous system, actually increase with a deeper breathe and resonates while exhaling. This
secreted noradrenalin in turn helps one to decrease the level of neuro-hormones responsible for
various stresses, anxiety and aroused mental state in deeper form through bio-feedback
mechanism.
Limitations
Participants were selected age group and its numbers cannot be considered as totally
representative of wider population. Number of days and timing of Bhramari pranayam sessions
limit to generalization of study. In spite of these limitations, finding gives a progress to research
of mental health.
CONCLUSION
Present study was done to investigate the interventional effect of Bhramari Pranayam on mental
health. This study reveals the significance of Bharamari Pranayama & study also opens up a way
to delineating the further importance of Bhramari Pranayam with mental and physical health.
Interventional Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students
© The International Journal of Indian Psychology, ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 33
Bharamari Prayanama and Yoga could be play a vital role to improve mental as well as physical
health especially for young adult, corporate, old age and patient with suffering from mental
disorders in near future.
Acknowledgments
The author appreciates all those who participated in the study and helped to facilitate the
research process.
Conflict of Interests: The author declared no conflict of interests.
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How to cite this article: Srivastava S, Goyal P, Tiwari S, Patel A (2017), Interventional Effect
of Bhramari Pranayama on Mental Health among college Students, International Journal of
Indian Psychology, Volume 4, Issue 2, No. 87, ISSN:2348-5396 (e), ISSN:2349-3429 (p),
DIP:18.01.044/20170402, ISBN:978-1-365-71287-6
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... Following the practise of bhramari pranayama, single-group clinical trials and clinical controlled trials have shown a significant improvement in sleep quality, [41,44,56] comfort levels, [63] quality of life [41,55] and overall mental health. [42,62] Bhramari pranayama also had a considerable impact on the body's prakriti (i.e. vata, pitta ...
... Srivastava et al., 2017 [62] Participants: 60 college students, ages ranging between 16 and 20 years, gender not specified. Study design and country: Single group CT, India. ...
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... Following the practise of bhramari pranayama, single-group clinical trials and clinical controlled trials have shown a significant improvement in sleep quality, [41,44,56] comfort levels, [63] quality of life [41,55] and overall mental health. [42,62] Bhramari pranayama also had a considerable impact on the body's prakriti (i.e. vata, pitta ...
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Article
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  • Mar 2020
Pranayam has many benets and many studies were conducted experimenting these benets, but there is very little documentation on specic pranayam individually. The Bhramari Pranayam has many health benets but very diminutive scientic evidence showing its effects. Documentation is available of effects of Bhramari Pranayam which is done with other Pranayam and very few literature is assessable on specic effects of Bhramari Pranayam. In this paper, there is review of the available scientic studies on the Bhramari Pranayam. Hence systematically reviewed the available studies on the benets of Bhramari Pranayam to evaluate how the studies were conducted and what are the effects of Bhramari Pranayam found to them. This review could lead in further identifying the gaps in the existing studies as well as exploring the new oor for scientic advances in this eld.
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