Although Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong have strong traditional cultures, with increasing international contacts and because they have embarked upon the process of modernisation, all three are more and more characterised as modern societies. Japan was the first Asian country to achieve modernisation and is considered the most advanced and modernised country in Asia (P. Chen, 1980, p. 120).
... [Show full abstract] Although less advanced than Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong have also achieved a certain degree of modernisation (Hseuh, 1972, p. 26).