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All content in this area was uploaded by Mark S. Reed on Aug 30, 2017
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1"
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Running!head:"!"#$%&'("&)"*+'#,-,*+#,&."
!
Summary!
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Keywords:!2.&04%58%"%]-$+.8%?",1*+-#?"%.8+8%1%.#?"5%-,3,&.J1+2,.8"
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Author!contributions:"<=;"4%5"#$%"'%3%+'-$"+.5"0',#,.8`"=@?"E=KB?";PO?"EK@?"CB?"HG?"I@K"-&.#',76#%5"#&"#$%"
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Conceptual!implications:!!
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2"
Introduction!
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!
The!wheel!of!participation:!a!new!typology!to!describe!stakeholder!and!public!
engagement!!
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A^ Top-down!deliberation!and/or!co-production/"%.8+8%1%.#",3",.,#,+#%5"+.5"4%5"
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Box!1:!Examples!of!different!types!of!participation!
Top-down!one-way!communication!and/or!consultation:"<+.("5%-,3,&.J1+2,.8"7&5,%3"-'%+#%"
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"
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"
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Challenging
Context
Conducive
In terms of existing participation culture, former experiences of engagement and available resources
Hierarchical, closed/limited or ad
hoc representation
Design
Systematic representation and
transparent, structured
opportunities to engage
Un-managed power dynamics and
(some) participants unable to
contribute knowledge or influence
outcomes
Power
Power dynamics effectively
managed to give all participants
equal opportunities to contribute
knowledge and influence
outcomes
Late and poorly matched
Scalar Fit
Early and well matched to
temporal and spatial scale
Likelihood of delivering beneficial outcomes
14"
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!
Conclusion!
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"
!
Acknowledgements!and!conflict!of!interest!
"
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!
!
References!!
"
!.3%44"B^?"X+3$"!"ZA\\S["B&44+7&'+#,9%"X&9%'.+.-%",."N$%&'("+.5"j'+-#,-%^"E&6'.+4"&)"j674,-"!51,.,3#'+#,&."
;%3%+'-$"+.5"N$%&'(">S/LFDJLR>"
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X?"<,'61+-$,"O"ZA\>L["=-,%.-%r*&4,-("*'&-%33%3")&'"#'+.37&6.5+'("0+#%'"8&9%'.+.-%^"!17,&"FF/DLDJDMM"
!'.3#%,."!"Z>dMd["!"4+55%'"&)"-,#,h%.3$,*"*+'#,-,*+#,&.^"E&6'.+4"&)"#$%"!1%',-+."V.3#,#6#%"&)"j4+..%'3"AM/A>Mr
ADD"
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+-#,&.^"I61+."Q'8+.,h+#,&."MD/F>dJFD\"
T+44+'5"IH?"T%432("E<"ZA\>\["j+'#,-,*+#&'("+-#,&."'%3%+'-$"+.5"%.9,'&.1%.#+4"4%+'.,.8/"V1*4,-+#,&.3")&'"
'%3,4,%.#")&'%3#3"+.5"-&116.,#,%3^"C.9,'&.1%.#+4"C56-+#,&.";%3%+'-$">M/M>>JMAR"
T+61%,3#%'";G?"H%+'("<;"Z>ddR["Y',#,.8".+''+#,9%"4,#%'+#6'%"'%9,%03^";%9,%0"&)"8%.%'+4"*3(-$&4&8(">/D>>"
T%,%'4%"NB"ZA\\A["N$%"t6+4,#("&)"=#+2%$&45%'JT+3%5"K%-,3,&.3^";,32"!.+4(3,3"AA/RDdJRFd"
T%44?"=^? @+..%'?";^?"Q68$#&.?"C^!^?"C1%'(?"=^T^?"H&-2?"P^"+.5"B&4%?"H^"ZA\>>["Defra+NE0109+Social+Research+
Evidence+Review+to+Inform+Natural+Environment+Policy^"G,.+4"j'&c%-#";%*&'#"#&"#$%"K%*+'#1%.#")&'"
C.9,'&.1%.#?"G&&5"+.5";6'+4"!))+,'3^"j&4,-("=#65,%3"V.3#,#6#%^"K%)'+?"H&.5&.^ "
T%'-&9,#-$"E"ZA\\R["<%5,+#,&."=6--%33"&'"G+,46'%/"!"=%+'-$")&'"#$%"C463,9%"B',#%',+^"B+'5&h&"E&6'.+4"&)"B&.)4,-#"
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T&&#$"!?"I+43%#$"X"ZA\>>["Y$("#$%"*674,-"#$,.23".+#6'+4"'%3&6'-%3"*674,-"*+'#,-,*+#,&."*'&-%33%3")+,4/"!"-+3%"
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