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ESD-WSN: An Efficient SDN-Based Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for IoT Applications
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered as a key enabler for the paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT). With increasing number of devices connected to the IoT environments, traditional solutions for WSNs tend to be costly in terms of network maintenance and management. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) appears as a viable alternative network architecture since it enables new services and policies to be deployed flexibly and easily. However, SDN brings excessive control overhead which significantly degrades the network performance. To relieve this problem, in this paper, we propose an Efficient Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Network (ESD-WSN) architecture to make full use of the advantages of SDN while overcoming its constraints. In the proposed architecture, the controller dynamically selects certain nodes as proxies for control traffic processing and aggregating. To this end, a Dynamic Proxy Management (DPM) strategy is presented to select the optimal subset of network nodes as proxies. Experimental results show that our scheme achieves considerable performance improvement compared with the SDN-WISE scheme [1].
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are important communication components of an internet of things (IoT). With the development of IoT and the increasing number of connected devices, network structure management and maintenance face the serious challenge of energy consumption. By balancing the network load, the energy consumption can be improved effectively. In the conventional WSN architecture, the two prerequisites of the load-balancing mechanism, flexibility and adaptability, are difficult to achieve. software-defined networking (SDN) is a novel network architecture that can promote flexibility and adaptability using a centralized controller. In this paper, a novel SDN architecture aimed at reducing load distribution and prolonging lifetime is proposed, which consists of different components such as topology, BS and controller discovery, link, and virtual routing. Accordingly, a new mechanism is proposed for load-balancing routing through SDN and virtualization. Through direct monitoring of the link load information and the network running status, the employed OpenFlow protocol can determine load-balancing routing for every flow in different IoT applications. The flows in different resource applications can be directed to a base station (BS) via various routes. This implementation reduces the exchange of network status and other relevant information. Virtual routing aims to weigh forward nodes and select the best node for each IoT application. The simulation results show the distribution of load over the network in the proposed algorithm and are characterized by the balanced network energy consumption, but also it prolongs network lifetime in comparison to the LEACH, improved LEACH, and LEACH-C algorithms.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has achieved a great contribution in establishing the recent technological revolution. One of the most important challenges in WSNs is extending the lifetime of the network, wherein each task performed by a sensor node requires an amount of energy to complete. However, sensor nodes are powered by limited capacity batteries and distributed in remote locations. This causes a limitation in both the lifetime and the performance of the WSN. Most previous surveys ignored the energy waste phenomena and its vital role in exhausting the energy. So, this paper provides a comprehensive review for the previous energy conservation approaches and classifies them into two basic categories: energy optimization and energy-wasting avoidance. Concerning energy optimization techniques, we present an updated and comprehensive evaluation for Software Defined Network (SDN) as an energy optimization technique. Furthermore, in this paper, several recent WSN clustering algorithms are addressed and compared based on novel and efficient comparison dimensions. Finally, the paper collects the issues that cause waste of energy and discusses their detection and control mechanisms.
One of the crucial technologies for future Internet of Things (IoT) is Software Defined Networks (SDN), which provides a centralized and programmable control ability for operators. However, the current single control plane deployed on the remote IoT gateway may incur a bottleneck with the continuous growth of IoT devices and applications. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchy (the master and slave) control framework to resolve this problem. Additionally, a novel slave controller placement strategy (SCPS) is presented to further optimize the control performance. In SCPS, we first design a synthetic IoT node importance assessment model based on an improved analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy integral. It considers the device attributes, service attributes and control frequency. Then we formulate the slave controller placement as a binary integer program (BIP) problem. It is solved by a modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm to optimize the control delay and control cost of critical IoT nodes. Finally, we carry out extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of our strategy. The results show that, compared to other competing methods, it approximately reduces the control delay of important IoT nodes by 30.56%.
The exponential growth of devices connected to the network has resulted in the development of new IoT applications and services. A large number of IoT devices are application-specific which makes the network difficult to manage and change. The Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm brings a new perspective of solving the network rigidity issue. By decoupling the control plane from the data plane, the routing decisions can be conducted in a centralized way, thus simplifying the network configuration and management. However, the behavior of IoT nodes is diverse and some nodes demonstrate the features of high mobility. The high mobility makes the centralized routing protocols perform badly since the Controller cannot maintain the frequently changing topology information in real-time, which produces unnecessary control overheads, even incorrect network policies.
In this paper, we propose a software-defined wireless sensor network architecture (Soft-WSN) — an effort to support application-aware service provisioning in internet of things (IoT). Detailed architecture of the proposed system is presented involving the application, control and infrastructure layers to enable software-defined networking in IoT. We design a software-defined controller, which includes two management policies — device management and network management. Device management facilitates users to control their devices in the
network. To enable device control mechanisms, we investigate three scheduling issues in a sensor node — sensing task, sensing delay, and active-sleep. On the other hand, topology of the network is controlled by the network management policies, which can be modified in run-time to deal with dynamic requirements of IoT. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is implemented in a real hardware platform without changing the underlying sensor networking concepts, so that existing sensor devices can be seamlessly integrated. Therefore, in contrast to the existing SDN solutions for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the proposed system, Soft-WSN, focuses on both device management and topology management to meet run-time application-specific requirements of IoT, while enhancing flexibility and simplicity of WSN management. Experimental results on a real hardware based test-bed indicate that the proposed scheme is beneficial to meet real-time application-specific requirements of IoT, while ensuring significant improvements on network performance, over the traditional approaches.
Since the SDN (Software Defined Network) technology based on OpenFlow was born, domestic and foreign research institutions have had increasing attention to this emerging field. The OpenFlow technology which is known for standardization and compatibility network virtualization has brought a lot of innovative solutions in the field of research. As the wireless sensor network node is complex and difficult to move and the network topology is changing rapidly with time, this requires a routing protocol for it to be able to adapt to this high topology change. Because traditional WSNS protocol communication needs to consider energy consumption, load balancing and other factors, it is difficult to find one to take into account all aspects of network algorithms. In this paper, we put forward a new solution for WSNS in accordance with the OpenFlow technology research in the application of traditional network.
After a decade of extensive research on application-specific wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the recent development of information and communication technologies makes it practical to realize the software-defined sensor networks (SDSNs), which are able to adapt to various application requirements and to fully explore the resources of WSNs. A sensor node in SDSN is able to conduct multiple tasks with different sensing targets simultaneously. A given sensing task usually involves multiple sensors to achieve a certain quality-of-sensing, e.g., coverage ratio. It is significant to design an energy-efficient sensor scheduling and management strategy with guaranteed quality-of-sensing for all tasks. To this end, three issues are investigated in this paper: 1) the subset of sensor nodes that shall be activated, i.e., sensor activation, 2) the task that each sensor node shall be assigned, i.e., task mapping, and 3) the sampling rate on a sensor for a target, i.e., sensing scheduling. They are jointly considered and formulated as a mixed-integer with quadratic constraints programming (MIQP) problem, which is then reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation with low computation complexity via linearization. To deal with dynamic events such as sensor node participation and departure, during SDSN operations, an efficient online algorithm using local optimization is developed. Simulation results show that our proposed online algorithm approaches the globally optimized network energy efficiency with much lower rescheduling time and control overhead.
While it has been a belief for over a decade that wireless sensor networks (WSN) are application-specific, we argue that it can lead to resource underutilization and counter-productivity. We also identify two other main problems with WSN: rigidity to policy changes and difficulty to manage. In this paper, we take a radical, yet backward and peer compat-ible, approach to tackle these problems inherent to WSN. We propose a Software-Defined WSN architecture and address key technical challenges for its core component, Sensor OpenFlow. This work represents the first effort that synergizes software-defined networking and WSN.
Ubiquitous smart environments, equipped with low-cost and easy-deployable wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and widespread mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), are opening brand new opportunities in wide-scale urban monitoring. Indeed, MANET and WSN convergence paves the way for the development of brand new Internet of Things (IoT) communication platforms with a high potential for a wide range of applications in different domains. Urban data collection, i.e., the harvesting of monitoring data sensed by a large number of collaborating sensors, is a challenging task because of many open technical issues, from typical WSN limitations (bandwidth, energy, delivery time, etc.) to the lack of widespread WSN data collection standards, needed for practical deployment in existing and upcoming IoT scenarios. In particular, effective collection is crucial for classes of smart city services that require a timely delivery of urgent data such as environmental monitoring, homeland security, and city surveillance. After surveying the existing WSN interoperability efforts for urban sensing, this paper proposes an original solution to integrate and opportunistically exploit MANET overlays, impromptu, and collaboratively formed over WSNs, to boost urban data harvesting in IoT. Overlays are used to dynamically differentiate and fasten the delivery of urgent sensed data over low-latency MANET paths by integrating with latest emergent standards/specifications for WSN data collection. The reported experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness (e.g., limited coordination overhead) of the proposed solution.
This whitepaper proposes OpenFlow: a way for researchers to run experimental protocols in the networks they use ev- ery day. OpenFlow is based on an Ethernet switch, with an internal flow-table, and a standardized interface to add and remove flow entries. Our goal is to encourage network- ing vendors to add OpenFlow to their switch products for deployment in college campus backbones and wiring closets. We believe that OpenFlow is a pragmatic compromise: on one hand, it allows researchers to run experiments on hetero- geneous switches in a uniform way at line-rate and with high port-density; while on the other hand, vendors do not need to expose the internal workings of their switches. In addition to allowing researchers to evaluate their ideas in real-world traffic settings, OpenFlow could serve as a useful campus component in proposed large-scale testbeds like GENI. Two buildings at Stanford University will soon run OpenFlow networks, using commercial Ethernet switches and routers. We will work to encourage deployment at other schools; and We encourage you to consider deploying OpenFlow in your university network too.
Energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has always been a hot issue and has been studied for many years. Sleep Scheduling (SS) mechanism is an efficient method to manage energy of each node and is capable to prolong the lifetime of the entire network. In this paper a Software-defined Network (SDN) based Sleep Scheduling algorithm SDN-ECCKN is proposed to manage the energy of the network. EC-CKN is adopted as the fundamental algorithm when implementing our algorithm. In the proposed SDN-ECCKN algorithm, every computation is completed in the controller rather than the sensors themselves and there is no broadcasting between each two nodes, which are the main features of the traditional EC-CKN technique. The results of our SDN-ECCKN show its advantages in energy management, such as network lifetime, the number of live nodes and the number of solo nodes in the network.
In this position paper, we propose the use of software-defined networking (SDN) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for smart management. We argue that smart management using SDN promises a solution to some of inherent problems in WSN management. Furthermore, we propose a generic architecture for a base station in a software-defined wireless sensor network. We also propose a general framework for a software-defined wireless sensor network where the controller is implemented at the base station. We then raise some important questions that need to be investigated in future research in software-defined wireless sensor networks.
At present, Sensor Networks and the emerging Internet of Things paradigm are playing a key role in the industry and in academic research. In this article we outline a common scenario, currently arising standards, and other emerging technologies having a direct impact on network architecture. In particular we introduce a novel network architecture based on an M2M Gateway and discuss it in relation to smart building applications. The proposed network architecture will improve services for users and will offer new opportunities for both service providers and network operators.
The internet-of-things (IoT) technology allows auto-organized and intelligent entities such as services to be interoperable and able to act independently. This enables the advanced form of service composition by allowing individual services to dynamically form a service workflow. In this context, services possess different requirements where the compliance of such requirements reflects trust-based decision for participating in a workflow. Large-scale service interoperations pose significant challenges for compliance checking of those requirements. These include inconsistency of requirements that can be represented in different formats and dynamicity, where a workflow can be modified based on service creation, modification, or termination. These factors directly affect the decision of a service to be part of a workflow. To solve these problems, service workflow specification (SWSpec) has been proposed as a consistent and uniformed representation of requirements, and algorithms based on constrained truth table (CTT) have been developed for automatic compliance checking. In this paper, the architecture of these elements is created to facilitate 1) a workflow owner in specifying properties of services to be part of a workflow and 2) services to express their requirements where their compliance reflects trust-based participation decision.
The software defined networking (SDN) paradigm promises to dramatically simplify network configuration and resource management. Such features are extremely valuable to network operators and therefore, the industrial (besides the academic) research and development community is paying increasing attention to SDN. Although wireless equipment manufacturers are increasing their involvement in SDN-related activities, to date there is not a clear and comprehensive understanding of what are the opportunities offered by SDN in most common networking scenarios involving wireless infrastructureless communications and how SDN concepts should be adapted to suit the characteristics of wireless and mobile communications. This paper is a first attempt to fill this gap as it aims at analyzing how SDN can be beneficial in wireless infrastructureless networking environments with special emphasis on wireless personal area networks (WPAN). Furthermore, a possible approach (called SDWN) for such environments is presented and some design guidelines are provided.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-154).
In recent years, advances in energy-efficient design and wireless technologies have enabled exciting new applications for wireless devices. These applications span a wide range, including real-time and streaming video and audio delivery, remote monitoring using networked microsensors, personal medical monitoring, and home networking of everyday appliances. While these applications require high performance from the network, they suffer from resource constraints that do not appear in more traditional wired computing environments. In particular, wireless spectrum is scarce, often limiting the bandwidth available to applications and making the channel error-prone, and the nodes are battery-operated, often limiting available energy. My thesis is that this harsh environment with severe resource constraints requires an applicationspecific protocol architecture, rather than the traditional layered approach, to obtain the best possible performance. This dissertation supports this claim using d...