New species of Hyphessobrycon from the Rio Teles Pires, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes)

Abstract

A new species of Hyphessobrycon from the upper Rio Tapajós basin, in the Tapajós-Juruena ecoregion, is described. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by having a black, oblique stripe extending from the origin of the second branched ray to the distal end of the third branched anal-fin ray, lacking a conspicuous black midlateral stripe on the body, inner premaxillary teeth with up to seven cusps, and fins normally hyaline or with scattered chromatophores. The description of a new species that is restricted to the Tapajós-Juruena ecoregion is consistent with this region being an area of high endemism of freshwater fishes.

Full text

Journal of Fish Biology (2017)
doi:10.1111/jfb.13362, available online at wileyonlinelibrary.com
New species of Hyphessobrycon from the Rio Teles Pires, Rio
Tapajós basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes)
F. R. C*†, F. G. C‡ L. N. C‡§
*UFMS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Avenida
Costa e Silva, s/n, Cidade Universitária, P. O. Box 549, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS,
Brazil, ‡UFMT, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Câmpus Universitário de Cuiabá,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Avenida
Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil and
§UFMT, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Humanas e
Sociais, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Setor Industrial,
78557-267, Sinop, MT, Brazil
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:982DB5B8-82B0-4A21-BBC3-71760F6DCE88
(Received 4 May 2016, Accepted 24 May 2017, Published online 4 August 2017)
A new species of Hyphessobrycon from the upper Rio Tapajós basin, in the Tapajós–Juruena ecore-
gion, is described. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus n. sp. is distinguished from its congeners by having
a black, oblique stripe extending from the origin of the second branched ray to the distal end of the
third branched anal-n ray, lacking a conspicuous black midlateral stripe on the body, inner premax-
illary teeth with up to seven cusps, and ns normally hyaline or with scattered chromatophores. The
description of a new species that is restricted to the Tapajós– Juruena ecoregion is consistent with this
region being an area of high endemism of freshwater shes.
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Key words: Hemigrammus unilineatus;Hyphessobrycon s.s.; Moenkhausia hemigrammoides; Parque
Estadual Cristalino.
INTRODUCTION
The Neotropical region is the most ichthyologically diverse in the world (Reis, 2013).
Among Neotropical sh families, Characidae (sensu Mirande, 2010) is the most diverse
and the characid Hyphessobrycon Durbin 1908 is among the most species rich. Hyphes-
sobrycon comprises exclusively small-bodied species no larger than 83·0 mm Stan-
dard length (LS)(e.g.Hyphessobrycon togoi Miquelarena & López 2006). It is also
non-monophyletic (Mirande, 2009, 2010; Malabarba et al., 2012; Carvalho & Mal-
abarba, 2015) and dened by a non-exclusive combination of traits that are also present
in other characid genera (e.g. lateral line incomplete, adipose n present, caudal n
lacking scales; Zanata & Camelier, 2010; Ingenito et al., 2013; Teixeira et al., 2014;
Ohara & Lima, 2015).
Despite the current lack of an exclusive denition of Hyphessobrycon, the need
to name new species that t the non-exclusive denition of this genus continues. In
†Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +55 67 3345 7339; email: carvalhofr@gmail.com
1
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

2F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
this study a new species is described that is from the upper Rio Tapajós basin and is
tentatively placed in the Hyphessobrycon based on the current denition of that genus
(sensu Durbin in Eigenmann, 1908, 1917) and is diagnosable from all other species in
this genus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Counts and measurements were taken following Fink & Weitzman (1974). Measurements
were made with callipers on the left side of the specimen whenever possible and are presented
as percent of standard length (LS)orheadlength(LH). In the description, counts are followed by
their frequency in parentheses and an asterisk indicates the count of the holotype. In the list of
paratypes and material examined, the number of all specimens in the lot is followed by the num-
ber of those examined and the number of cleared and stained (c&s) individuals, if any. Counts
of vertebrae, supraneurals, gill rakers on the rst branchial arch, branchiostegal rays, procurrent
caudal-n rays, and small dentary teeth were taken from three c&s specimens prepared accord-
ing to Taylor & van Dyke (1985). Vertebral counts include the four vertebrae in the Weberian
apparatus as a single element and the fused rst preural and rst ural centra (PU1 +U1) of the
caudal region as a single element. Patterns of circuli and radii are described based on scales sam-
pled from the region between the lateral line and the insertion of the pelvic-n. Comparisons
and data of species not available for evaluation were taken from original descriptions. Cata-
logue numbers are followed by the total number of specimens in the lot, number of specimens
measured and counted in parentheses and the LSrange of all specimens in the lot. Comparative
material includes that listed in Carvalho & Langeani (2013) and Carvalho et al. (2010, 2014).
The word igarapé refers to a small stream.
Institutional abbreviations follow Sabaj Pérez (2014): ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences
of Drexel University; CPUFMT, Coleção de Peixes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso,
Cuiabá; DZSJRP, Departmento de Zoologia e Botânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista;
FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, IL; INPA, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
da Amazônia, Manaus; LBP, Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Universidade
Estadual Paulista; LIRP, Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biolo-
gia, Faculdade de Filosoa, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo; MCP , Museu
de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; MHNG,
Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève; MNRJ, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio
de Janeiro; MZUSP, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; UFRGS, Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; ZMA, Zoological Museum Amsterdam; ZUFMS, Coleção
Zoológica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.
RESULTS
HYPHESSOBRYCON PINNISTRIATUS NEW SPECIES
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:33DB49E2-487E-4BCD-99B6-0D7144C2A9CE Hyphes-
sobrycon sp. 1 (Buckup et al., 2011: 243; list of species). Hyphessobrycon sp. n.
(Battirola et al., 2015: 477 citation); Cabeceira et al. (2015: 199, 204; list of species
and photo).
Holotype
DZSJRP 20598, 29·8mm LS, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Novo
Mundo, Parque Estadual Cristalino, igarapé afuent of Rio Cristalino, 09∘27′10·5′′ S;
55∘49′52·7′′ W, 806 m a.s.l., 15 May 2013, F. G. Cabeceira, D. R. Silva & V. Rocha
(Fig. 1).
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

NEW HYPHESSOBRYCON FROM RIO TAPAJÓS 3
F. 1. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, holotype, DZSJRP 20598, 29·8 mm standard length, igarapé afuent of
Rio Cristalino, Parque Estadual Cristalino, municipality of Novo Mundo, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Paratypes
All from Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Rio Teles Pires drainage, upper Rio Tapa-
jós basin: DZSJRP 20599, 5, 22·4–25·5mm LSand three c&s, 23·6–27·1mm LS;
UFRGS 20593, 6, 15·0–26·3mmLS; LBP 20309, 5, 18·1–24·0mmLS, MCP 49166,
5, 19·4–27·9mm LS; MZUSP 118376, 5, 22·9–25·7mm LS; same data as holotype;
CPUFMT 1586, 8, 16·8–20·0mm LS; LIRP 12252, 10, 16·3–25·6mm LS; ZUFMS
4183, 5, 19·0–26·0mm LS, same locality as holotype, 10 September 2014, F. G.
Cabeceira. INPA 35294, 17, 17·1–19·3mm LS, Mato Grosso State, Paranaíta, Teles
Pires, igarapé Grande, 09∘32′51′′ S; 56∘18′34′′ W, 1 October 2009, R. R. de Oliveira
& H. Espírito-Santo. INPA 44667, 4, 18·4–19·8mmLS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio
Teles Pires, igarapé on left margin, above camping site, 09∘23′50′′ S; 56∘46′35′′
W, 3 October 2009, R. R. de Oliveira and team. INPA 44745, 1, 14·5mm LS, Mato
Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Paranaíta, stony on left margin of Rio Teles Pires, 09∘30′
57′′ S; 56∘42′36′′ W, 8 October 2009, R. R. de Oliveira and team. INPA 44858, 7,
17·2–20·7mmLS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires, igarapé do Jaú, leftmargin
of Rio Teles Pires, 09∘26′56′′ S; 56∘31′27′′ W, 30 September 2009, R. R. de Oliveira
and team. INPA 44883, 40, 18·1–21·8mm LS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles
Pires, igarapé of Santa Helenaon left margin of Rio Teles Pires, 09∘33′48′′ S; 56∘18′
44′′ W, 1 October 2009, R. R. de Oliveira and team. INPA 45401, 21, 19·4–24·5mm
LS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Tapajós, Rio Teles Pires, CHTP inventory, stretch 07, 09∘
26′54′′ S; 56∘29′39′′ W, 14 November 2012, Solange, Reginaldo & Rosalvo. INPA
45472, 12, 22·0–27·6mmLS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires, Rio Paranaíta,
CHTP inventory, stretch 4, 09∘30′52′′ S; 56∘42′43′′ W, 16 December 2012, Solange,
Reginaldo & Rosalvo. INPA 45501, 9, 22·3–26·4mmLS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio
Teles Pires, Rio Santa Helena, CHTP (Companhia Hidréletrica Teles Pires) inventory,
stretch 8, 09∘31′45′′ S; 56∘19′49′′ W, 20 December 2012, Solange, Reginaldo &
Rosalvo. INPA 45684, 3, 16·5–19·0mmLS, Mato Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires,
Rio de Santa Helena, CHTP inventory, stretch 8, 09∘31′45′′ S; 56∘19′49′′ W, 1 7
April 2013, Solange, Reginaldo & Rosalvo. INPA 45772, 10, 16·8–18·7mmLS, Mato
Grosso, Paranaíta, Rio Teles Pires, CHTP inventory, stretch 7, 09∘26′54′′ S; 56∘
29′39′′ W, 28 June 2013, Solange, Reginaldo & Rosalvo. MNRJ 34515, 1, 16·4mm
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

4F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
LS(ethylic alcohol), 32, 14·9–29·3mm LS, Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte, small
igarapé tributary of Braço do Norte, on road to Balneário Strege 09∘56′55′′ S; 55∘01′
51′′ W, 245 m a.s.l., 11 February 2012, P. A. Buckup, J. Maldonado, J. Birindelli, C.
Chamon & V. Felzman. MNRJ 24689, 8, 25·1–30·8mmLS, Mato Grosso State, Car-
linda, small stream unnamed, crossing road MT-208 through north-east to intersecting
road with MT-320, 09∘59′04′′ S; 55∘46′03′′ W, 23 January 2002, P. A. Buckup, A.
Aranda, F. Silva & C. Figueiredo.
Diagnosis
Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus differs from all congeners by having a black, oblique
stripe that is largely parallels and covers the second and third anal-n rays (Fig. 1),
extending from the origin of the second branched ray to the distal end of the third
branched anal-n ray (v. anal n hyaline, with uniformly distributed chromatophores,
or margin blackish in all other species of Hyphessobrycon). Additionally, the new
species can be distinguished from other congeners by lacking a conspicuous black
midlateral stripe on the body, inner premaxillary teeth with up to seven cusps and from
Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858), a non-congener but similar species, by having
20–23 branched anal-n rays (v. 24–25), maxilla with two or three tetra to heptacuspi-
dad maxillary teeth (v. three to seven tricuspidad maxillary teeth) and caudal n lacking
scales (v. caudal-n lobes scaled).
Description
Morphometric data summarized in Table I. Body compressed, moderately elongated,
greatest body depth at vertical through dorsal-n origin. Dorsal prole of head convex
from tip of upper jaw to vertical through anterior nostril; slightly straight or concave
from that point to the tip of supraoccipital spine. Dorsal prole of body slightly con-
vex from posterior tip of supraoccipital spine to base of last dorsal-n ray and straight
through to adipose-n origin; last dorsal-n ray not reaching vertical through anal-n
origin. Ventral prole of body convex from tip of lower jaw to pelvic-n origin and
slightly convex from that point to anal-n origin and straight a long anal-n base. Dor-
sal and ventral proles of caudal peduncle straight.
Eyes lacking distinct adipose eyelid. Jaws coequal at anteriormost margin. Maxilla
extending posteriorly just past anterior margin of orbit, slightly curved and aligned at
an c.45
∘angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the body. Nostrils close to each other,
anterior opening small and circular, posterior opening twice as large as anterior opening
and reniform to boomerang shaped. Nostrils separated by a skin ap. Frontals united
anteriorly, with narrowly triangular fontanel; parietal fontanel large, extending from
epiphyseal bar to supraoccipital spine. Infraorbital series with six elements. Laterosen-
sory canal present from rst infraorbital to sixth infraorbital, close to inner margin of
orbital rim. Third infraorbital largest, twice as large as others (in length and depth) and
contacting the laterosensory canal of preopercle ventrolaterally.
Maxilla with 2(8) or 3(30)*tetra to heptacuspid teeth along the anteroventral margin
[Fig. 2(a)]. Premaxillary teeth in two rows: outer row with 3*(28), 4(9), or 5(1), pen-
tacuspid teeth and inner row with 5*(35) or 6(3) penta to heptacuspid teeth [Fig. 2(b)].
Dentary with 5*(36) or 6(2) large, penta to hexacuspid teeth, followed by a series of
6(1), 8(2) small tetracuspid or conical teeth decreasing in size posteriorly [Fig. 2(c)].
Dorsal border of maxilla relatively straight. Central median cusp of all teeth longer
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

NEW HYPHESSOBRYCON FROM RIO TAPAJÓS 5
T I. Morphometric data (n=38 including the holotype) for the holotype and paratypes of
Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus from the Rio Teles Pires, Rio Tapajós basin
Holotype Paratypes Mean ..
Standard length LS(mm) 29·8 19·4–30·825·4–
Per cent of LS
Body depth 36·9 31·7–38·835·71·5
Head length 28·0 25·8–30·028·40·9
Head depth 28·1 25·5–29·728·31·1
Predorsal length 50·7 48·4–52·851·30·9
Prepelvic length 48·8 45·2–49·648·11·0
Pelvic n to anal n distance 13·3 11·9–15·613·70·9
Caudal-peduncle depth 10·19·3–11·610·30·5
Dorsal-n base length 15·0 13·3–17·414·70·8
Anal-n base length 31·3 29·0–33·931·51·3
Pectoral-n length 19·0 16·4–25·621·31·6
Pelvic-n length 14·7 14·4–19·016·11·3
Dorsal-n length 28·5 27·9–35·030·81·5
Anal-n length 19·8 19·0–25·221·91·4
Caudal-peduncle length 13·5 12·2–14·713·50·5
Dorsal n to adipose n distance 38·6 36·7–41·238·81·0
Eye to dorsal-n origin 34·4 33·3–36·535·10·8
Dorsal-n origin to caudal-n origin 54·1 52·3–56·754·40·9
Per cent of head length (LH)
Interorbital width 27·9 27·5–31·929·41·2
Snout length 24·7 21·8–26·524·11·1
Orbital diameter 43·8 41·4–48·045·01·3
Upper-jaw length 37·6 37·5–42·239·51·0
than remaining lateral cusps; cusp tips slightly curved inwardly on dentary teeth and
outwardly on premaxillary teeth (Fig. 2).
Scales cycloid, with few relatively small radii (two to four); circuli most apparent
along anterior, dorsal and ventral margins. Lateral line incomplete, extending to verti-
cal through posteromedial portion of pectoral n, not extending to the pelvic-n origin;
perforated scales of lateral line 6(15), 7*(20) or 8(3); longitudinal scale series includ-
ing pored scales 30(2), 31(11), 32*(23) or 33(2); scale rows between dorsal-n origin
and lateral line 5*(38); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-n origin 4(18) or
41/2*(20). Predorsal scales 8(1), 9*(33) or 10(4). Scale sheath along anal-n base 4(17),
5*(18) or 6(3) in a single row. Circumpeduncular scales 13*(26) or 14(12). Axillary
scale present, approximately triangular.
Dorsal-n rays ii,9*(38); rst unbranched ray approximately one-half length of sec-
ond unbranched ray or shorter. Dorsal-n origin at midbody or slightly anterior to
midbody, at or posterior to vertical through pelvic-n origin. Insertion of posterior-
most dorsal-n ray at vertical through anal-n origin. First dorsal-n pterygiophore
insertion between the neural spines of the eighth and ninth (3) precaudal vertebrae.
Adipose n present.
Pectoral n with i,10*(25) or 11(13) rays, normally extending to pelvic-n origin.
Pelvic n with i,7*(38) rays. Pelvic-n origin located anterior or just anterior to
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

6F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
(a)
(b)
(c)
F. 2. (a) Maxilla, lateral view, (b) premaxilla, mesial view and (c) dentary lateral view of Hyphessobrycon
pinnistriatus, paratype, DZSJRP 20599 (same locality as holotype, Fig. 1) 27·1 mm standard length. All
left side. Scale bars: (a, c) 1 mm; (b) 0·5mm.
vertical through dorsal-n origin. Distalmost tip of longest ray reaching anal-n
origin. Anal-n rays iii*(38), 20(13), 21*(20), 22(4), or 23(1). Anal n of males and
females lacking bony hooks. Caudal n forked, lobes slightly rounded, similar in size,
with i,8/8,i*(1) or i,9/8,i*(37) rays. Caudal n naked, scales restricted to its base.
Dorsal procurrent caudal-n rays 10(3) and ventral procurrent caudal-n rays 7(1) or
8(2).
Branchiostegal rays 4(3). First gill arch with 5(2) or 6(1) gill rakers on epibranchial,
1(3) between epibranchial and ceratobranchial, 9(3) on ceratobranchial and 2(3) on
hypobranchial. Numerous denticles on gill rakers distributed along their anterior and
posterior margins. Precaudal vertebrae 14(3) and caudal vertebrae 18(2) or 19(1). Total
vertebrae 32(2) or 33(1). Supraneurals 3(3), liforms, some with dorsal portion slightly
expanded.
Colour in alcohol
Overall body colour yellowish to brownish. Head with few scattered chromatophores,
more densely concentrated from snout to supraoccipital and on dorsal regions includ-
ing the premaxilla and dorsal portions of the dentary, maxilla, opercle and fourth to
sixth infraorbitals. One humeral spot, approximately round, covering three longitudinal
body scales, two transversal scales above the lateral line and one below the lateral line.
Dorsal portion of ank above humeral spot with a reticulated pattern comprising a dark-
ened posterior margin of each scale; ventral portion of ank with uniformly distributed
chromatophores. Abdominal region yellowish with few chromatophores restricted to
posterior margin of each scale. Midlateral body stripe absent with an inconspicuous and
narrow line present approximately where epaxial and hypaxial muscles meet. Pectoral,
pelvic, dorsal and caudal ns normally hyaline or darkly coloured from sparsely dis-
tributed chromatophores. First three dorsal-n rays with small black chromatophores
on inter-radial membranes. Black chromatophores also present along the anal-n base
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

NEW HYPHESSOBRYCON FROM RIO TAPAJÓS 7
(a)
(b)
F. 3. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, paratypes: (a) DZSJRP 20599 (same locality as holotype, Fig. 1), 26·2mm
standard length (LS) and (b) MNRJ 24689, 30·8mm LS.
and distal border, forming a narrow stripe. Anal n with a conspicuous anterior black
stripe through the entirety of the second to third branched ray (Figs 1 and 3); anal n
with a black line along its base.
Colour in life
Bodies of living specimens of H.pinnistriatus with overall rosaceous colour and no
markings aside from an inconspicuous humeral spot and uniformly distributed chro-
matophores. Head reddish with a more intense concentration of erythrophores around
dorsal margin of eyes, infraorbital three to six, preopercle and opercle. Abdomen
whitish. Pectoral and pelvic ns hyaline; dorsal, adipose, caudal and anal n reddish,
with some scattered xanthophores. Anal n with a conspicuous anterior milky-white
to darkish stripe (Fig. 4).
Sexual dimorphism
No differences in morphology, colour patterns or presence of bony hooks were
observed between males and females of H.pinnistriatus. Gill glands (sensu Burns
& Weitzman, 1996) were not found macroscopically on the rst gill arch of any
specimens.
Geographical distribution
Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus is known from the Rio Teles Pires drainages, an afu-
ent of the upper Rio Tapajós, Tapajós–Juruena ecoregion (sensu Abell et al., 2008), in
Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 5).
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

8F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
F. 4. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, live specimen (same locality as holotype), not preserved (c. 26·0mmstan-
dard length).
Etymology
The species name is a combination of the Latin pinna, meaning n and striatus,
meaning stripe and is in reference to the black stripe on its anal n. An adjective in
apposition.
Ecological notes
The type locality of H.pinnistriatus is a second order stream (sensu Strahler, 1957),
known as an igarapé, surrounded by secondary forest in regeneration. The bottom of
the stream is mainly composed of silt, with litter on the margins and few branches and
trunks of a diameter greater than 10 cm. In the pools, there is occulant sediment that
is easily disturbed from submerged litter and macrophytes were found at sites with a
little more water ow (Fig. 6). Most individuals of H.pinnistriatus were only observed
in more lentic environments, swimming in small schools of ve to 20 individuals.
Individuals were also observed swimming alone and together with other species of
Characidae, such as Moenkhausia phaeonota Fink 1979 and Hyphessobrycon heliacus
Moreira, Landim & Costa 2002 near igarapé margins with depth ranging from 20 to
40 cm. Individuals were sometimes also observed foraging among the submerged litter
in the igarapé margins (F. G. Cabeceira, pers. obs.). This species has also been found
in habitats with faster water, no vegetation and substrata consisting of sand and mud.
DISCUSSION
Non-monophyly of the genus Hyphessobrycon is supported by several studies
(Malabarba et al., 2012; Carvalho & Malabarba, 2015; Dagosta et al., 2016;
Teixeira et al., 2016). Approximately 25 species are included in Hyphessobrycon
sensu stricto, including the type species Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek 1904).
All of these species have black dorsal ns and no black midlateral stripe on the ank
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

NEW HYPHESSOBRYCON FROM RIO TAPAJÓS 9
Rio Tapajos
05°
12°
53°60°67°
F. 5. Distribution of Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus in Rio Teles Pires drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. ,
Collection points, some of which may cover multiple collections. Some points may be more than one lot.
(Carvalho & Malabarba, 2015). Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, however, is not part of
this group and its relationship to other members of genus is currently unknown.
A black, oblique stripe on the anterior portion of the anal n is the most diagnostic
characteristic of the new species. This characteristic is generally uncommon among
species of Characidae, being found only in Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill 1858) and
Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry 1965 (Fig. 7). Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus
clearly differs from both aforementioned species by having a hyaline dorsal n with a
sparse distribution of chromatophores (v. black dorsal n). The oblique band on the
body of H.unilineatus and M.hemigrammoides extends from a point anterodorsal to
the urogenital pore to a point just posterior of the rst anal-n rays. In H.pinnistriatus,
however, the oblique stripe originates from the base of an anal-n ray, not on the
body. Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey 1894) and an undescribed species of Serrapinnus
Malabarba 1998 from the upper Rio Paraná basin (L. R. Malabarba & F. C. Jerep, pers.
comm.) also have a black marking on the anterior of the anal n, but their anterior
anal-n marking has a different condition, with just the distal portion of the rays being
black and the marking not extending to the base of the rays.
Moenkhausia nigromarginata Costa 1994 [cf . Pastana & Dagosta, 2014: Fig. 6(b)]
and Moenkhausia rubra Pastana & Dagosta 2014 [cf . Pastana & Dagosta, 2014: Figs
1, 3(b)] have a concentration of chromatophores in dorsal-n rays similar to H.pinnis-
triatus.Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus differs from M.nigromarginata and M.rubra
by having an incomplete (v. complete) lateral line. Also, Hyphessobrycon amandae
Géry & Uj 1987 and Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis Ahl 1937 both have a higher con-
centration of chromatophores on interradial membranes on the dorsal n, but not as
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

10 F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
F. 6. Type locality of Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, municipality of Novo Mundo,
Parque Estadual Cristalino, igarapé afuent of Rio Cristalino, Rio Teles Pires drainage.
intensely on the rays. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus differs from H.amandae and H.
pulchripinnis by having a humeral spot (v. spot absent).
The rosaceous live coloration of H.pinnistriatus is also comparable with that of
the rosy-tetra group (sensu Weitzman & Palmer, 1997), but the new species is distin-
guished by having a hyaline dorsal n, or with scattered chromatophores on the dorsal
n (v. black in the rosy-tetra group). Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin 1909 has a
somewhat rosaceous colouration, like H.pinnistriatus, but the new species differs from
H.erythrozonus by having a black oblique band across the second and third anal-n
rays (v. anterior anal-n being hyaline) and heptacusp teeth in the inner row of the
premaxilla (v. pentacusp teeth on the inner row of the premaxilla).
The following species of Hemigrammus– Hyphessobrycon (according to Eschmeyer
et al., 2017) are recognized in the Rio Tapajós basin: Hemigrammus analis Durbin
1909, Hemigrammus arua Lima, Wosiacki & Ramos 2009, Hemigrammus ele-
gans (Steindachner 1882), Hemigrammus orthus Durbin 1909, Hemigrammus
silimoni Britski & Lima 2008, Hemigrammus skolioplatus Bertaco & Carvalho 2005,
Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis Travassos 1964, Hyphessobrycon delimai Teixeira,
Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli & Sousa 2016, Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner
1882), Hyphessobrycon heliacus,Hyphessobrycon hexastichos Bertaco & Carvalho
2005, Hyphessobrycon kayabi Teixeira, Lima & Zuanon 2014, Hyphessobrycon
melanostichos Carvalho & Bertaco 2006, Hyphessobrycon moniliger Moreira, Lima
& Costa 2002, Hyphessobrycon notidanos Carvalho & Bertaco 2006, Hyphessobrycon
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

NEW HYPHESSOBRYCON FROM RIO TAPAJÓS 11
(a)
(b)
F. 7. (a) Hemigrammus unilineatus cayennensis (=Hemigrammus unilineatus) MHNG 2179.061, holo-
type, 36·4 mm standard length (LS)and(b)Moenkhausia hemigrammoides, ZMA 104227, holotype,
40·0mm LS.
psittacus Dagosta, Marinho, Camelier & Lima 2016, Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis,
Hyphessobrycon scutulatus Lucena 2003, Hyphessobrycon vanzolinii Lima &
Flausino 2016, Hyphessobrycon vilmae Géry 1966 and Hyphessobrycon wadai
Marinho, Dagosta, Camelier & Oyakawa 2016. Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus differs
from all the aforementioned species by having a black, oblique band across the second
and third anal n rays (v. black oblique band absent from anterior anal-n rays in all
other species).
The Tapajós–Juruena ecoregion (sensu Abell et al., 2008) is a region of high
endemism for freshwater shes [e.g.Hasemania nambiquara Bertaco & Malabarba
2007 (Bertaco & Malabarba, 2007), Hemigrammus arua (Lima et al., 2009: Fig. 5),
Hyphessobrycon hexastichos (Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005), H.delimai (Teixeira
et al., 2016), Knodus dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010 (Ferreira
& Netto-Ferreira, 2010: Fig. 3), Moenkhausia rubra Pastana & Dagosta, 2014
(Pastana & Dagosta, 2014: Fig. 5) to mention some]. The known distribution of
Hyphessobrycon pinnistriatus, being also limited to the Tapajós–Juruena ecoregion,
reinforces the understanding of this area as a region of high endemism for freshwater
shes.
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED
Hemigrammus erythrozonus: FMNH 53546, holotype, 24·0mm LS, Guyana,
Mazaruni-Potaro, Erukin Creek, near conuence with lower Potaro River. FMNH
© 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles, Journal of Fish Biology 2017, doi:10.1111/jfb.13362

12 F. R. CARVALHO ET AL.
7344, paratypes, 2, 15·2–18·5mm LS, same data as FMNH 53546. FMNH 53025,
paratypes, 5, 20·7–25·2mmLS, same data as FMNH 53546. MCZ 29976, paratypes,
2, 19·3–22·1mmLS, same data as FMNH 53546. ZMA 101032, paratype, 1, 16·6mm
LS, same data as FMNH 53546. Hemigrammus unilineatus cayennensis: MHNG
2179.061, holotype, 36·4mm LS, French Guiana, crique d′eau douce de l′ˆ
ıle de
Cayenne. ANSP 94715, paratype, 1 (parched), 26·1mm LS, same data as MHNG
2179.061. MHNG 2179.055, paratype, 1, 21·2mmLS, French Guiana, crique Blanche,
afuent de l’Orapu River, J. Géry. MHNG 2179.063, paratype, 4, 15·1–28·8mm
LS, same data as MHNG 2179.061. SMF 5385, paratype, 1, 26·2mm LS, same as
MHNG 2179.061. ZMA 101049, paratype, 1, 19·8mmLS, same as MHNG 2179.061.
Moenkhausia hemigrammoides: ZMA 104227, holotype, 40·0mm LS, Suriname,
Marowijne, Matoekasi Creek at Weyne, on the road Albina-Moengo.
We wish thank to A. C. Andrade, D. Rocha, T. I. S. dos Santos and V. M. da Rocha for
help in eld work, B. dos Santos (UFMS) for the photograph of the holotype, F. Cabeceira for
the photograph of the live specimen, P. Wagneur (MHNG) for photograph of Hemigrammus
unilineatus and M. Weitzman for preparing the map of the sampling area. For museum and
technical support and loan of material, we thank J. Lundberg, M. Sabaj Pérez, K. Luckenbill
(ANSP), A. Ribeiro, K. Ferreira (CPUFMT), F. Langeani, R. Costa Ferreira (DZSJRP), M. A.
Rogers, K. Swagel, P. Willink, S. Mochel (FMNH), V. Bertaco (FZB/RS), L. Rapp Py-Daniel,
M. Rocha, R. Oliveira (INPA), C. Oliveira, R. Benine (LBP), F. Bockmann (LIRP), C. Lucena,
M. Lucena, R. Reis (MCP), S. Fisch-Muller, R. Covain (MHNG), P. Buckup, M. Britto (MNRJ),
A. Datovo, O. Oyakawa, M. Marinho (MZUSP), T. Alpermann (SMF), R. de Ruiter (RHMNH
and ZMA), L. Malabarba, J. Wingert, J. Ferrer (UFRGS). F.R.C. was supported during develop-
ment of this work by a postdoctoral fellowship from FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa
do Estado de São Paulo) (procs. # 2011/11422-8 and #2012/03404-2); F.G.C. was supported
by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Field work was
supported by CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientíco e Tecnológico) (pro-
cess no. 558225/2009-8, 501408/2009-6 and 457466/2012-0). The authors thank the FAPEMAT
(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso – process # 688844/2010) for the
funding. Collecting permits were provide by SEMA/MT (Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambi-
ente) (no. 009/2010/SEMA/MT). This is publication number 36 of the Technical Series of the
‘Núcleo de Estudos da Amazônia Meridional (NEBAM)’ and number 45 of the ‘Projeto Igara-
pés’.
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