TYPES AND IMPORTANCE OF BERRIES - A REVIEW

Abstract

Berry is a common edible fruit. They are inherently full of nutrient-rich building blocks
such as antioxidants, phytochemicals, flavanoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and
minerals. It’s these components of berries that are known to be beneficial to the skin, most
often used for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition to
antioxidants, berries are “juicy foods,” which means they contain mostly water. Plus they
smell delicious. Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant found in berries. Eating vitamin C–rich
berries will contribute to radiant skin and healthy hair, and may reduce the risk of arthritis,
cataracts, and macular degeneration. Some people with IBS experience discomfort after
eating berries. However, In this review we are going to do a comparative study of the
berries- Strawberry, Raspberry and Blueberry

Full text

Suvetha K and Shnkar M. / American Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;1(2):46-48.
46 | P a g e AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL R ESEARCH
e - ISSN - 2348 - 2184
Print ISSN - 2348 - 2176
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
BIOLOGICAL AND
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
Journal homepage: www.
mcmed.us/journal/
ajbpr
TYPES AND IMPORTANCE OF BERRIES - A REVIEW
K. Suvetha*1 and M. Shankar2
*1Department of Microbiology, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Venkataramapuram, Tirupati-517561, Andhra Pradesh,
India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Venkataramapuram, Tirupati-517561,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Article Info
Received 25/04/2014
Revised 15/05/2014
Accepted 18/05/2014
Key words:
Antioxidant,
Strawberry, Raspberry
and Blueberry.
ABSTRACT
Berry is a common edible fruit. They are inherently full of nutrient-rich building blocks
such as antioxidants, phytochemicals, flavanoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and
minerals. It’s these components of berries that are known to be beneficial to the skin, most
often used for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition to
antioxidants, berries are “juicy foods,” which means they contain mostly water. Plus they
smell delicious. Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant found in berries. Eating vitamin C–rich
berries will contribute to radiant skin and healthy hair, and may reduce the risk of arthritis,
cataracts, and macular degeneration. Some people with IBS experience discomfort after
eating berries. However, In this review we are going to do a comparative study of the
berries- Strawberry, Raspberry and Blueberry.
INTRODUCTION
Blueberry is one of the oldest fruit and has
medicinal purposes. It is rich in phenolics especially in
anthocyanins3 Blueberry is native to North America. It has
two different species, low sweet and sour-top or velvet leaf
[1]. They’ve become popular amongst consumers as
research finidings show that their consumption improves
human health [2].
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.), a member
of the Rosaceae family, is one of the most important soft
fruit in the world .There are about 20 different recognized
species. Strawberries are good sources of natural
antioxidants. The most commonly cultivated species is
Fragariaxananassa [3,4].
Raspberry is a naturally growing in Arasbaran. It
is known by recent works that raspberries in particularly
Corresponding Author
K. Suvetha
Email:-shankarmanichellappa@gmail.com
high not only in anthocyanin content, but also in total
phenolics [5]. Raspberry fruits can be red, black, purple, or
yellow. Most commercial raspberries grown in the Pacific
Northwest are red fruited5. Raspberries have been linked to
many possible health benefits [6].
STRAWBERRY
The Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) belongs to
the Ericaceaefamily and is commonly found in
Meditteranen regions was show in fig 1. It bears which are
spherical, dark red in colour and tasty when fully ripened.
They are rich in flavonoids. They can be used for the
production of alcoholic beverages, jams, jellies and
marmalades. They are also used in medicine as antiseptics,
diuretics and laxatives. The strawberry has a rich secondary
metabolite composition in particular [7]. Their major
composition is phenolic compounds which is represented
by the flavonoids (mainly anthocyanins, with flavonols and
flavanols providing a minor contribution), followed by
hydrolyzable tannins (ellagitannins and gallotannins) and

Suvetha K and Shnkar M. / American Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;1(2):46-48.
47 | P a g e AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL R ESEARCH
phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic
acids), with condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) being
the minor constituents [8].
The beneficial advantages of strawberries are their
role in prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and
cardiovascular disease (CVD), certain types of cancers,
type 2 diabetes, obesity and neuro degeneration.
Strawberries inhibit different types of cancer cell
transformation and proliferation in vitro and in decreasing
the early and late progression of experimentally induced
tumors. Therefore strawberry extracts protect against
carcinogenesis.
BLUEBERRY
The major production of Blueberry is found in two
places namely, United States which is responsible for 66 %
and Canada which is responsible for 33 % of world
production9. It was an unknown fruit in Brazil and its
introduction in that country began in the second half of 80s.
But now it has become a blueberry producer with a small
production concentrated in the south and southeastern
regions of the country, in the municipalities of Vacaria and
Caxias do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul, RS), Barbacena (Minas
Gerais, MG), and Campos do Jordao [9]. The different
species of blueberry are highbush (V. corymbosum),
lowbush (V. myrtilloidesandV. angustifolium), and
rabbiteye (V. ashei). And out of these, Highbush
blueberries are the most commonly cultivated [10, 11].
Out of the total phenolics found in blueberries,
Anthocyanins represent 57-93 %. The Major anthocyanins
for blueberries are namely malvidin 3-galactoside and
malvidin 3-glucoside in blueberries. These phenolics have a
wide spectrum of biochemical activities like antioxidant,
antimutagenic, abilities to modify gene expression, as well
as cardiovascular protection, antidiabetic properties, vision
improvement properties, and inhibition of carcinogenesis.
RASPBERRY
Raspberry (Rubusideaus L.) is a fruit in the genus
Rubus, grown as a perennial crop. Raspberries are soft,
juicy with a distinct aroma. There are about 200 raspberry
species and most of these have red berries (European),
while some have black berries (American). The red
raspberries originate from Asia. The species was named
after Mount Ida by Carl Linnaeus [12]. These fruits are
industrially used in formulating jam, jelly, sauce, puree,
topping, syrup or juice concentrates etc. Raspberries are
rich in potential antioxidant phenolic compounds including
anthocyanins and also vitamin C and E. They have major
curative roles also like, antioxidant, antinflammation, low
body weight, and inhibitory cancer cell growth reducing
eyestrain, improving night vision, helping to prevent
macular degeneration, anti-inflammatory effects, protecting
against DNA damage, and exhibiting anti-cancer activity,
and they also contain salicylic acid which have protective
effects similar to aspirin which prevent heart disease in
those at high risk or who have heart disease [13].
Fig 1. a. Strawberry and b. Blueberry c. Raspberry
A
B
C
CONCLUSION
Hence from this we conclude that Berry is a very
useful fruit. They are full of nutrient-rich building blocks
such as antioxidants, phytochemicals, flavanoids,
carotenoids, poly phenols, vitamins, and minerals. It’s these
components of berries that are known to be beneficial to the
skin, most often used for their anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties. And this review also shows the
properties and the functions of the three most important
berries which are very useful to man.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to Seven Hills College of Pharmacy,
India for providing facility to carry out the research work.
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