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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COSMETIC HERBAL FACE PACK FOR GLOWING SKIN

Authors:
  • Pravara Rural Education Education Society's College of Pharmacy For Women Chincholi Nashik
  • PRES's College of Pharmacy (for Women) Chincholi

Abstract and Figures

The objective of this work is to formulate and evaluate a cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin by using natural ingredients. With the varying concentrations, four different formulations containing ingredients such as multani mitti, turmeric, aloe vera, sandal wood, orange peel, neem and nutmug; were prepared named as F1 to F4. All prepared formulations were evaluated by different parameters like organoleptic properties and physico-chemical parameters and stability along with irritancy test and microbial load. Among all formulation, F2 was found to be good in physical parameters, free from skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after stability storage conditions and also having microbiological stability. Keywords: Face Pack, Cosmetics, Natural, Formulation, Evaluation
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Sachin B. Somwanshi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017
199
Research Article
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COSMETIC HERBAL FACE PACK FOR GLOWING SKIN
Sachin B. Somwanshi 1*, Kiran S. Kudale 1, Ramdas T. Dolas 1, Kiran B. Kotade 2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, P.R.E.S.’s, College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
2Department of Pharmacology, P.R.E.S.’s, College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Received on: 27/04/17 Accepted on: 05/06/17
*Corresponding author
E-mail: sachinsomwanshi27@gmail.com
DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.083199
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to formulate and evaluate a cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin by using natural ingredients. With the varying
concentrations, four different formulations containing ingredients such as multani mitti, turmeric, aloe vera, sandal wood, orange peel, neem and
nutmug; were prepared named as F1 to F4. All prepared formulations were evaluated by different parameters like organoleptic properties and
physico-chemical parameters and stability along with irritancy test and microbial load. Among all formulation, F2 was found to be good in physical
parameters, free from skin irritation and maintained its consistency even after stability storage conditions and also having microbiological stability.
Keywords: Face Pack, Cosmetics, Natural, Formulation, Evaluation
INTRODUCTION
Cosmetics are commercially available products that are used to
improve the appearance of the skin by action of cleansing,
beautifying, promoting attractiveness. From the ancient time,
different herbs are used for cleaning, beautifying and to manage
them. Face skin is the major part of the body, which indicates
the health of an individual1, 2. It consists of materials such as
amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates etc. So that a balanced
nutrition is required for the skin to keep it clear glossy and
healthy.3 In ayurveda, the herbal paste is called as “mukha lepa”
used for as a facial therapy. This herbal paste smeared on face to
treat acne, pimple, scars, marks and pigments. 4
Face pack is the smooth powder which is used for facial
application. These preparations are applied on the face in the
form of liquid or pastes and allowed to dry and set to form film
giving tightening, strengthening and cleansing effect to the
skin.5 They are usually left on the skin for ten to twenty five
minutes to allow all the water to evaporate, the resulting film
thus contracts and hardens and can easily be removed. The
warmth and tightening effect produced by application of face
pack produces the stimulating sensation of a rejuvenated face,
while the colloidal and adsorption clays used in these
preparations remove the dirt and grease from the skin of the
face. When the applied face pack is eventually removed skin
debris and deposited dirt gets removed with it.
Face packs are basically additives delivering some additional
benefits. Different types of herbal face packs are used for
different types of skin. Herbal face packs are helps to reduce
wrinkles, pimples, acne and dark circles. Also increase the
fairness and smoothness of skin. It also helps someone to boost
their confidence. Ayurveda is the most useful and successful
means for achieving this purpose6.
These packs are available in various types and forms and
broadly classified into the following categories: 7
1. Plastic masks: Wax based, latex based, or vinyl based
2. Hydrocolloid masks: Gel masks (ready to use)
3. Argillaceous masks: Clay based or earth based (ready to use
or dry powder)
Present research article deals with the formulation and
evaluation of cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin at
home by using natural materials i.e., multanimitti, turmeric, Aloe
vera, sandalwood, orange peel, neem and nutmeg.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All the natural materials used in the present study i.e., multani
mitti, turmeric, Aloe vera, sandalwood, orange peel, neem and
nutmeg were purchased from local market (Dgadu Teli
Chandwadkar, Nashik), in a form of dried powder and were
authenticated at Botany department of KTHM College, Nashik.
The details of the plant material used for the formulation of face
pack are mentioned below;
Multani Mitti (Calcium bentonite)
Multani mitti helps skin by different ways like diminishing pore
sizes, removing blackheads and whiteheads fading freckles,
soothing sunburns, cleansing skin, improving blood circulation,
complexion, reducing acne and blemishes and gives a glowing
effect to a skin as they contain healthy nutrients. Multani mitti is
rich magnesium chloride.8
Turmeric (Curuma longa)
Turmeric is mainly used to rejuvenate the skin. It delays the
signs of aging like wrinkles and also possesses other properties
like antibacterial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. It is best
source of blood purifier. It is effective in treatment of acne due
to its antiseptic and antibacterial properties that fight pimples
and breakouts to provide a youthful glow to your skin. It also
reduces the oil secretion by the sebaceous glands.9,10
Sachin B. Somwanshi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017
200
Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)
Aloe vera is a great moisturizer intended for a skin. Aloe vera
rejuvenates skin, hydrates this and keeps skin layer looking
fresh all the time. Aloe vera has anti-microbial property
rendering it ideal to deal with acne and pimples. Aloe vera
powder contains several nutrients like glycerin, sodium palmate,
sodium carbonate, sodium palm kemelate, sorbitol, etc. 11
Sandal wood (Santalum alba)
Sandalwood has an anti-tanning and anti-aging property. It also
helps skin in many ways like toning effect, emollient,
antibacterial properties, cooling astringent property, soothing
and healing property12.
Orange peel (Citrus reticulate)
Orange is a citrus fruit which contains different nutritional
source such as vitamin C, calcium, potassium and magnesium. It
prevents the skin from free radical damage, skin hydration and
oxidative stress. Also it has instant glow property, prevent acne,
blemishes, wrinkles and aging.13
Neem (Azadirachta indica)
Neem is anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and highly beneficial for
oily and acne prone skin 14. An anti-acne effect is due to anti-
microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of
different chemical constituents15.
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)
Nutmeg is widely used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
antiseptic and anti-bacterial property14. It helps in reducing
wrinkles, fine lines and other signs of aging. It also helps in
reducing acne scars and to make them less noticeable.
Methods of Preparation
Four different formulations were prepared with varying
concentrations of all ingredients named as F1 to F4.
Concentration of each ingredient was mentioned in Table 1. The
accurate quantity ingredients were weighed and ground into fine
powder by using sieve #120. Then the all ingredients were
mixed geometrically by serial dilution method for uniform
mixing. Then the prepared face pack was packed into a self-
sealable polyethylene bag, labeled and used for further studies.16
Procedure of Face Pack Application
Take prepared face pack powder in a bowl as per the
requirement and add rose water to mix. Mix well and apply over
the facial skin. Cover the acne and blemishes spots too. Kept as
it is for complete drying for 20 to 25 min and then wash with
cold water.
Methods of Evaluation
Following evaluation parameters were performed to ensure
superiority of prepared face pack;
Organoleptic Evaluation
The organoleptic parameters include its nature, color, odor, feel
and consistency which were evaluated manually for its physical
properties.17
Physical Evaluation
The particle size was tested by microscopy method. The flow
property of the dried powder of combined form was evaluated
by performing Angle of Repose by funnel method, bulk density
and tapped density by Tapping Method.18
Physicochemical Evaluation
Ash content was performed using incinerator, pH was found by
using pH meter and loss on drying was also performed.7
Irritancy test
Mark an area (1sq.cm) on the left hand dorsal surface. Definite
quantities of prepared face packs were applied to the specified
area and time was noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema, was
checked if any for regular intervals up to 24 hrs and reported.19
Stability studies
Stability testing of prepared formulation was conducted for
formulation F2 by storing at different temperature conditions for
the period of one month. The packed glass vials of formulation
stored at different temperature conditions viz.., Room
temperature, 35ºC and 40ºC and were evaluated for physical
parameters like Color, Odor, pH, Consistency and feel.20
Determination of Microbial Load
The prepared formulation was evaluated for Total Viable Count,
presence of gram negative pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella
and Pseudomonas by BAC-Test Laboratory in Nashik.16
Table 1: Formulation of Face Pack
Sr. No.
Name of Ingredients
Scientific Name
Quantity of sample for 100g
F1
F2
F4
1
MultaniMitti
Calcium Bentonite
25
30
15
2
Turmeric
Curuma longa
20
5
20
3
Aloe Vera
Aloe barbadensis
10
15
20
4
Sandal wood
Santalum alba
25
25
25
5
Orange peel
Citrus reticulate
10
12
5
6
Neem
Azadirachta indica
3
8
10
7
Nutmeg
Myristica fragrans
7
5
5
Sachin B. Somwanshi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017
201
Table 2: Organoleptic Properties
Sr. No.
Parameters
Observation
F1
F2
F3
F4
1
Appearance
Powder
(Free Flowing)
Powder
(Free Flowing)
Powder
(Free Flowing)
Powder
(Free Flowing)
2
Color
Slight Yellow
Slight yellow
Greenish yellow
Slight Yellow
3
Odor
Slight
Slight
Slight
Slight
4
Texture
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
5
Smoothness
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
Table 3: Physical Parameter and Physicochemical Evaluation
Sr. No.
Parameters
Observation
F1
F2
F3
F4
1
Particle size (μm)
26.4±5.44
22.5±2.85
24.8±4.36
25.2±5.21
2
Ash content
93 ± 0.732
87 ± 0.859
92 ± 0.556
95 ± 0.462
3
pH
7.66 ± 0.13
6.65 ± 0.1
6.79± 0.16
6.88± 0.1
4
Loss on Drying
3.33
3
4
3.67
Table 4: Irritancy Test
Sr. No.
Evaluation
Formulations
Observation
F1
F2
F3
F4
1
Irritant
+
NIL
+
+
- No Irritation
2
Erythema
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
- No Irritation
3
Edema
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
- No Irritation
Table 5: Parameters of Stability studies of Formulation F2
Sr. No.
Parameters
Observations (Formulations F2)
Room Temperature
35±0.5ºC
40±0.5ºC
1
Color
No change
No change
No change
2
Odour
No change
No change
Slightly Change
3
pH
6.65±0.17
6.65±0.11
6.72±0.21
4
Texture
Fine
Fine
Fine
5
Smoothness
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
Table 6: Microbial Load of Formulation F2
Sr. No.
Test
Observation
1
Total viable count (CFU/g)
867
2
Gram negative pathogens, CFU/g
(E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas)
Absent
F1
F2
F3
F4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Batches
Particle Size
Figure 1: Particle Size of Formulations F1 to F4
Sachin B. Somwanshi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017
202
F1
F2
F3
F4
0
2
4
6
8
10
Batches
pH
Figure 2: pH of Formulations F1 to F4
RT
35ºC
40ºC
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Formulation F2
pH
Figure 3: pH of Formulation F2 during Stability studies
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Physical parameters
The different formulation of face pack was prepared and
evaluated for physical parameters showed in the Table 2. The
flow property parameter showed free flowing properties. The
colors of formulations were different due to variation in
composition of contents. Formulation F1, F2 and F4 were
slightly yellow in color and formulation F3 showed as greenish
yellow. The odor of prepared formulations was good acceptable
which is desirable as cosmetic formulations. The particle size of
formulations was in the range of 22.5±2.85μm to 26.4±5.44 μm
(Figure 1). The pH of all formulations lied near to neutral range
i.e. in the range of 6 to 7 pH. (Figure 2). The ash content and
moisture content was within limit (Table 3).
Irritancy test
The results of irritancy test were shown in Table 4. The
formulations F1, F3 and F4 showed mild irritation because of
presence of turmeric powder21. The formulations which was
prepared by lowering the concentration of turmeric i.e.
formulations F2 showed no redness, edema, Inflammation and
irritation during irritancy studies. This formulation is safe to use
for skin.
Stability studies
The stability studies showed a slight change in pH of
formulation which was stored at 40ºC and no changes were
observed at room temperature and at 35ºC (Figure 3). The odour
of formulation was slightly changed after one month of stability
studies at 40ºC and there was no change in color and odour at
other mentioned conditions of stability which were showed in
Table 5.
Determination of Microbial Load
The microbial load showed the Total Viable Count (867
CFU/g), and the test for presence of gram negative pathogens
such as E. coli, Salmonella and pseudomonas absent per gram
showed in Table 6.
Sachin B. Somwanshi et al / Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 8 (Suppl 3), 2017
203
The Formulation F2 was found to be a good in physical
parameters, free from skin irritation and maintained its
consistency even after stressed storage conditions. It is
suggested that the prepared formulation was physico-chemically
and microbiologically stable, and possessed characteristics of a
standard cosmeceuticals formulation for skincare.
CONCLUSION
In the present scenario, people need cure for various skin
problems without side effects. Herbal ingredients opened the
way to formulate cosmetics without any harmful effect. Herbal
face packs are considered as sustaining and productive way to
advance the appearance of skin. Thus in the present work, It is a
very good attempt to formulate the herbal face pack containing
naturally available ingredients like multani mitti, turmeric, aloe
vera, sandalwood, orange peel, neem and nutmeg. It is suggested
that the prepared formulation was physico-chemically and
microbiologically stable, and possessed characteristics of a
standard cosmeceuticals formulation for skincare.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to College of Pharmacy (For Women),
Chincholi, Dgadu Teli Chandwadkar, Nashik for providing
sample, Botany department of KTHM College, Nashik and
BAC-Test Laboratory, Nashik for providing necessary facilities
and to carry out this work and microbiological study.
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Cite this article as:
Sachin B. Somwanshi et al. Formulation and evaluation of
cosmetic herbal face pack for glowing skin. Int. J. Res.
Ayurveda Pharm. 2017;8(Suppl 3):199-203 http://dx.doi.org/
10.7897/2277-4343.083199
Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared
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Cosmetics have been used since ancient times for various purposeslike reducing wrinkles, to control oil secretion, and to fight acne. Cosmetics used for skin are the most common including sunscreen, antiaging cream, moisturizing cream, and peel-off mask. Skin is the largest organ in our body and is exposed to environmental pollution so it is necessary to protect the skin. Out of various formulations for skin, the peel-off mask is widely used for cleansing, exfoliating, and for hydration. In the present work, activated charcoal is used as an active ingredient along with many agents like gelling agent, and solvents which helps in removing the dead skin cells and opens up the clogged pores. The study was carried out in 12 batches which were based on optimization using Box-Behnken design with 3 independent variables and 2 dependent variables. From the optimized study F5 formulation showed better results than other batches. The prepared mask was evaluated for various parameters like colour, pH, and peel time. The F5 formulation shows good results and it is found to be safe and effective to use.
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Cosmetics are products applied to the body or face to improve appearance. Theycleanse, beautify, promote attractiveness and alter appearance of the body. The concept of beauty and cosmetics is as old as mankind and civilization. Assorted beauty products such as skincare products, hair products, fragrances, oral hygiene, and nail products, which may contain toxic chemicals that can be harmful to health are used especially by women. Most cosmetic products contain hazardous chemicals like Sodium Laureth Sulphate, Talcum, Parabens, Coal tar dye, Phthalates, Fragrance, Mineral oil, Triethanolamine and some heavy metals eg, Lead, Arsenic, Nickel, Cadmium, and Mercury. The bioaccumulation of theseharmful chemicals andmetals in the body over time has been associatedwith cancer, reproductive and developmental disorders, contact dermatitis, hair loss, lung damage, ageing, skin disease and reaction, allergies, and damage of nails. The deleterious chemicals and metals can enter into the body by inhalation of perfumes, deodorant, nail polish, scented powder, etc; by absorption through penetration of harmful chemicals from body creams, moisturizers, cleanser, eye shadow, etc. It can also be by ingestion of chemicals and metals in lip sticks, lip balm, lip gloss, etc. through the mouth.
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The present study was to prepare and evaluate the herbal cosmetic cream comprising extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cucumis sativus and almond oil. Different types of formulations oil in water (O/W) herbal creams namely F1 to F7 were formulated from the ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (rhizomes), Cucumis sativus (fruits) and almond oil in varied concentrations. The evaluation of all formulations (F1 to F7) was done on different parametrs like pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheological study, and stability along with irritancy test were examined. Formulations F5 and F6 showed good spreadability, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance, pH, ease of removal, spreadibilty and no evidence of phase separation. The formulation F5 and F6 shows no redness, edema, inflammation and irritation during irritancy studies. These formulations are safe to use for skin. These studies suggest that composition of extracts and base of cream of F5 and F6 are more stable and also it may produce synergistic action.
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The growth of the cosmetic industry, together with the dramatic increase in advances in cosmetic chemistry, has been one of increasing interface with dermatologists. The change especially in dermatology has found less emphasis on medical dermatology and growth in the areas of cosmetic dermatology and dermatologic surgery. With this, the dermatologist has had to become more aware of principles and products in the field of cosmetics. The use of these newer products as an adjunct to the practice of dermatology coincides nicely with recent international congresses, whose theme has been “healthy skin for all” and variations on such. Perhaps the major body for the oversight of this growth remains the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which for many parts of the world provides the assurance of safety and quality for various foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The mandate for much current regulation and oversight began in 1938 with the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which placed active oversight on various drugs and cosmetics and was further modified in 1960 by the Delaney Amendment, which focused on the growing awareness of carcinogenic potential of various agents, topical and systemic. 1 Since the radium scare of the 1920s and 1930s, the increasing use of synthetic materials has focused on delayed long-term potential cancer risks and health hazards. More recently, such agents as Dioxin, Agent Orange, and certain other fungicides and pesticides have seemingly justified this new role of the FDA. Of particular confusion at the present time are certain dyes—FD&C Red #3, FD&C Yellow #5, hair dyes—and other agents that are essential in the cosmetic and “cosmeceutical” practice. The variability of interpretation of safety still confounds easy interpretation of the administration’s role in the approval of new uses, particularly in the cosmeceutical area. At the present time, FD&C Red #3 has been
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Herbal formulations have growing demand in the world market. The present work deals with the development and evaluation of the herbal Anti-Acne gel containing hydroalcoholic extract of Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and the fruits of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrance). The plants have been reported in the literature having good antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Various formulation batches i.e., F1 to F15 were prepared and evaluated for various parameters like colour, appearance, consistency, washability, pH, spreadability and antimicrobial activity.. Optimized formulation was compared with the marketed preparation. Amongst all the formulation studied batch F4 was found optimum for all the parameters. It is a very good attempt to establish the herbal gel containing hydro-alcoholic extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and fruits of nutmeg (Myristica fragrance).
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Popularity of herbal cosmetics in society and technological advances in manufacturing process has resulted in flooding of market with herbal formulations. Recently herbal cosmetics have gained much recognition and became popular among people. These products claimed to have efficacy and intrinsic acceptability due to routine use in daily life and devoid of side effects commonly seen with synthetic products. The herbs used in preparation of these Skin cosmetics have multifunctionality like antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiseptic and antimicrobial. This paper will review the sate of art of herbal based skin cosmetic formulations along with scientific data and concerned cosmetic importance of herbs that could be utilized in preparation of these formulations.
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Cosmetics are commercially available products that are used to improve the appearance of the skin. Since the late 1980s, consumer demand for more effective products that more substantively beautify the appearance has resulted in increased basic science research and product development in the cosmetics industry. The result has been more ingredients that may actually improve not just the appearance of the skin, but the health of the skin as well. We now have products that renew, restore, and rejuvenate—not just cleanse, protect, and moisturize. There is probably no greater focus of interest currently than the incorporation of vitamins and antioxidants in skin care products. There are considerable data to suggest the benefits of such ingredients in cosmetics. This article reviews the published data that support the usefulness of vitamins and antioxidants in cosmetics. Our job as dermatologists is to digest and assess the data so we can give knowledgeable recommendations to our patients. The ingestion and absorption of vitamins and antioxidants, most importantly through diet, and secondarily through intake of manufactured supplements, is critical to the health of human beings. The skin is the largest organ; as our primary external barrier, it is on the forefront of the battle with external causes of damaging free radicals. Ultraviolet light and environmental pollutants are known initiators of free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron that result in damage to surrounding molecules and tissues. The most significant damage by free radicals is to biomembranes and to DNA. It is thought that additional, topical use of vitamins and antioxidants in cosmetics can better protect and possibly correct the damage by neutralizing these free radicals. In addition, some vitamins may be beneficial to the skin because of other actions such as effects of suppression of pigmentation and bruising, stimulation of collagen production, refinement of keratinization, or anti-inflammatory effects. Vitamin A
Formulation & Evaluation of Poly-herbal Face wash gel
  • K V Sowmya
  • C X Darsika
  • F Grace
  • S Shanmuganathan
Sowmya KV, Darsika CX, Grace F, Shanmuganathan S. Formulation & Evaluation of Poly-herbal Face wash gel. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 2015; 4(6): 585-588.
Face, Body& Hair Masks & Scrubs
  • Mm Rieger
  • Harry 's Cosmeticology
Rieger MM. Harry's Cosmeticology. In: Chapter 23, Face, Body& Hair Masks & Scrubs. 8th ed. vol I. New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc.; 2009. p. 471-483.
Ayurvedic Face Packs for Glowing Skin. Style Craze
  • Zinnia
Zinnia. Ayurvedic Face Packs for Glowing Skin. Style Craze, Feb 2017 [cited 2017 Apr 24]. Available from: http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/5-ayurvedic-face-packsfor-glowing-skin.