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Studies on Palauan medicinal herbs. IV. Immunopotentiatory activities of Ongael, leaves of Phaleria cumingii (Meisn.) F. Vill. in diabetic mice
Abstract
Diabetes is often identified as a risk factor for infections. We were interested in investigating the effect of “Ongael” on immunosuppressive diabetic mice. Ongael [leaves of Phaleria cumingii (Meisn.) F. Vill.] is used as a panacea for traditional treatment of many kinds of diseases in Palau. On the production of cytokine in the spleen from BKS. Cg-+Leprdb/+Leprdb mice, an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, oral administration of the 50% ethanolic extract (ONG-ext, 500 mg/kg) of Ongael significantly increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ compared to that of vehicle control group. Mangiferin (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a major constituent of ONG-ext, significantly enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2 compared to that of vehicle control group. These results suggest that Ongael acts as an immunopotentiator to immunoincompentence in diabetes mellitus. © 2006, Medical and Pharmaceutical Society for WAKAN-YAKU. All rights reserved.
The 50% ethanolic extract (ONG-ext) of “Ongael” [leaves of Phaleria cumingii (MEISN.) F. VILL.] inhibited proliferation of mice mammary carcinoma cells (MM46) and human leukemia cells (HL60) at a concentration of 50 to 200 μg/ml. Mangiferin (1), a major constituent of ONG-ext, showed antiproliferative activities on MM46 and HL60 cells at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Oral administration of ONG-ext (50 and 500 mg/kg) and 1 (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) to MM46 cells transplanted C3H/HeN mice showed significant antitumor effects. In HL60 cells transplanted C.B-17/Icr SCID mice, ONG-ext (50 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed no significant antitumor effect. On cytokines production in the spleen isolated from MM46 carcinoma bearing mice, ONG-ext (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and 1 (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-2 levels, and ONG-ext (500 mg/kg, p.o.) increased interferon (IFN)-γ level compared to that of vehicle control group. As to in vitro mitogen response of mice spleen T cells in the presence of sample-treated macrophage, ONG-ext (25, 50 μg/ml) and acylglucosylsterol (2) (10 μg/ml) significantly increased both TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. It has been indicated that the in vivo antitumor effect of ONG-ext partly depends on immunostimulatory activity, and active constituents are 1 and 2. © 2005, Medical and Pharmaceutical Society for WAKAN-YAKU. All rights reserved.