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Abstract
The design for the Karamba chair is based on a structural optimization process using Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Galapagos, and Karamba as main software tools. The computational process involved the definition, analysis, and optimization steps in an iterative way, based on a system of variable constraints (parameters).
As the demand for steel increased to supply military construction during World War II, Australian engineers began to push timber capacity for long-span structures, one of which led to the emerging use of glue-laminated timber-bending in the post-war period. This article analyses the laminated timber arches of three Ralph Symonds factories in Sydney, the ground-breaking laminated timber projects in Australia between the 1940s and 1960s. The study interprets the design reasoning behind timber-arch application and the structural reasoning behind timber bending using daylight simulation, structural simulation, and rule-based design analysis. The method used to formulate the rules is outlined and demonstrated. The study clarifies that Symonds’s timber-arch designs evolved not only to accommodate space for medium to large-scale manufacturing activities but also to optimize economic, climatic, and structural constraints. The rule-based analysis reveals a consistent design logic applied across different factories, foregrounding Ralph Symonds’s signature design language in laminated-timber arches.
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