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Introduction: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) are common. Whilst the impact on pregnant women has been well documented, there is less data on the impact on partners. This study evaluated awareness and impact of maternal NVP on expectant fathers. Methods: Observational study of 300 expectant fathers. Institutional ethics approval and consent were obtained. Fathers were recruited from antenatal clinics and community settings. Researchers administered demographic, attitudinal and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaires during the third trimester. Expectant fathers were asked if their partner experienced NVP. If aware, they were asked to comment upon the impact on their lives. Results: Participants were similar in demographics to those of the wider Australian community of expectant fathers. Most fathers were aware whether their partner experienced NVP (82%). Of these fathers, 20% reported no NVP, and 30%, 37% and 13% men reported maternal NVP was mild, moderate and severe, respectively. There was no correlation between paternal depression and maternal NVP, but a significant association was found between moderate and severe maternal NVP and paternal anxiety. In qualitative comments, five themes emerged: disruption on work, feelings of frustration and helplessness, concern over depression in their partner, concern for the developing baby and a sense of being manipulated in the third trimester of pregnancy. Discussion: Most expectant fathers are aware of NVP in their partner. Moderate and severe maternal NVP are associated with significantly higher symptoms of paternal anxiety.
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... Although the relationship between NVP and depression during pregnancy has been studied [16,[18][19][20], the role of NVP with emphasis on its degree of severity as a risk factor of PPD has received little interest. Besides a study by Sartori et al. [21], which evaluated the severity of NVP in relation to paternal depression and anxiety, Kjeldgaard et al. [16], using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, assessed only the association between the severe form of NVP (HG) and depression during and after pregnancy. The question is whether NVP, regardless of its severity, can independently affect mental health during postpartum. ...
... Heitmann et al. [35] had reported among Scandinavian women a depressive feeling due to NVP and a low willingness to become pregnant again. On the other hand, a study assessing the severity of maternal NVP in relation to depression and anxiety was carried out among Australian expectant fathers; authors did not find any correlation between father's depression and maternal NVP [21]. However, our study did not evaluate the paternal mental health status. ...
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Objective: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a global emotional distress that affects women and their offspring regardless of their culture. The association between nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and PPD has been widely described only for the severe form of NVP. We aimed to assess the relationship between PPD and NVP with regards to its severity. Methods: Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a birth cohort study, were analyzed. PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between NVP and PPD. Results: Out of the 80,396 women included in the study 14% had PPD. Among them 4,640 (42.1%) had mild NVP; 3,295 (29.9%) had moderate NVP whereas 1,481 (13.4%) had severe NVP. All forms of NVP were associated with PPD and the association gradually increased with the severity of NVP symptoms with odd ratio (OR): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.35 for mild, OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.19–1.38 for moderate and OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.42–1.68 for severe NVP. Conclusion: Japanese women with NVP were more susceptible to develop PPD and the more severe the NVP symptoms were, the greater the risk of PPD. Thus, close monitoring of NVP-affected women is recommended.
... Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common problems during pregnancy, affecting 90% of pregnant women, with approximately 50% of women displaying only vomiting [1,2]. Despite the other name of this disease, morning sickness, only 2% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting in the morning, and it may strike at any time of the day [3]. According to a study conducted in Iran, the prevalence of NVP was reported as 71.5%, and 7% of these cases had severe NVP [4]. ...
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Background Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common complication of pregnancy. The present study was aimed to determine the association between vomiting during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3649 pregnant women across 11 provinces of Iran. Cluster sampling method was used to select samples and data collection was done using family record and face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed by logistic regression, using STATA14.2 software. Results The prevalence of vomiting during pregnancy was 9.7% (95% CI: 8.8, 10.7), with an increasing trend by birth cohort. After adjusting for other confounders, the prevalence of vomiting revealed a decreasing trend by body mass index (OR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.53, 0.78, P-trend < 0.001). In addition, long inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) significantly increased the odds of NVP (ORIPI of 1−3 year=2.42, ORIPI of >3 year=1.63). Multivariate analyses showed that the odds of stillbirth (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.19) and the odds of infant mortality (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.45) were significantly increased in women with daily vomiting during pregnancy. The odds of vomiting during pregnancy was significantly shown to reduce the odds of abortion by 45%. Conclusion The prevalence of NVP was shown to have an increasing trend in Iran. This complication is associated with many adverse health outcomes during pregnancy and negatively affect maternal and fetal health. Given the importance of pregnancy period, nutrition education and increase the awareness of pregnant women towards NVP, especially pre-pregnancy training is suggested.
... Given also parental role, ELBW ♀ showed higher PND levels at T1 and a higher decrease of symptoms over time than VLBW and FT ♂♀ Findings suggest that premature birth in relation to its severity may lead to different affective reactions in ♂♀; particularly ♀ in case of more serious preterm condition, are at higher risk for PND in the first trimester, however showing improvement over time. Interventions should be promoted, andtailored, according to the risk connected to severity of prematurity The number of studies dealing with the prevalence of depression in fathers, independently from whether they were comparing men and women, was 108 [9,15,16,[18][19][20][22][23][24]28,30,34,36,38,40,[42][43][44][45][46]48,51,53,55,[57][58][59][60][61][62]65,66,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]76,77,79,80,82,84,[86][87][88][89]93,94,97,100,102,104,105,108,109,112,115,119,120,126,127,[129][130][131]133,135,[138][139][140]142,144,[146][147][148]152,[154][155][156][157]159,165,[168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][179][180][181]186,188,[190][191][192][193]195,200,202,210,211]. These studies involved 49,239 male participants, either new fathers or expecting fathers. ...
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Background: Since the identification of Couvade syndrome in the late 1950s, little attention has been dedicated to the issue of depression in expecting fathers. Objective: To quantify the extent of depression in expecting fathers and find out if they match their pregnant partners' depression. Methods: We conducted a PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov search using paternal depression and all its variants as terms. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement to include eligible studies. Results: We identified a grand total of 1443 articles, of which 204 were eligible. The total number of fathers/expecting fathers involved was 849,913. Longitudinal studies represented more than half of the included studies; more than three-quarters of the studies used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The average occurrence of paternal depression was around 5%, which confers the entity some clinical dignity. Depression tends to occur more in expecting women and new mothers than in expecting partners or new fathers, while the co-occurrence in the same couple is quite low. Limitations: The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies prevents us from meta-analyzing the obtained data. The validity of the instruments used is another issue. Conclusions: Paternal depression is distinct from maternal depression and occurs at lower rates (about half). The very existence of a paternal depression clinical entity is beyond any doubt. Future research should address methodological heterogeneity.
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Several studies have been conducted to examine the complicated relationships between various factors that influence Kangaroo mother care (KMC) for preterm infants. However, the extended socio-economic model has not been seen in any of the previous studies that looked into the factors related to KMC and how it affects the health outcomes of babies born before in our study population. This study examines the various dimensions of KMC implementation and its influence on the health outcomes of premature infants. The current cross-sectional study was carried out in South Punjab, Pakistan, covering both private and public KMC units in obstetrics and gynecology departments. The study included a sample size of 719 patients and was conducted during a period covering 21 September 2022 to 14 October 2023. Multinomial logistic regression analysis is employed to ascertain the factors by using SPSS-26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The use of folic acid (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.87–3.11) and factor anemia (OR: 8.82; 95% CI: 1.69–14.59) no significantly correlated with better health outcomes, while environmental toxin exposure had a negative impact (OR: 0.90). The findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions and policies to bridge socioeconomic gaps, ensuring all preterm infants benefit from KMC.
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Background Up to 25 % of expectant parents experience anxiety symptoms. Pregnancy-related anxiety is characterised by concerns and worries specific to pregnancy, childbirth, and the transition to parenthood. While pregnancy-related anxiety is well-researched in women, the exact nature of this construct in men is unclear. The purpose of the current review was to examine men's concerns, worries, and fears during pregnancy and gain an understanding of their experiences during pregnancy. Methods An integrative review design was adopted, using thematic content analysis to synthesise findings from quantitative and qualitative studies. Quality appraisal of the quantitative studies used the AXIS appraisal tool. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used for the qualitative studies. Results A comprehensive search of nine databases led to inclusion of 14 quantitative and 41 qualitative studies. Ten dimensions of paternal pregnancy-related anxiety were identified: childbirth concerns, attitudes towards childbirth, baby concerns, acceptance of pregnancy, partner concerns, relationship concerns, worry about self, transition to parenthood, attitudes towards health care professionals, and practical and financial concerns. The pregnancy transition was characterised by mixed emotions and conflicted experiences for fathers. Limitations Generalisability of review findings was limited by poor reporting of demographic information by many included studies, exclusion of studies not published in English, and focus on heterosexual relationships. Conclusions Expectant fathers may experience anxiety symptoms characterised by excessive worry across multiple domains of pregnancy-related concerns. Clinicians play an important role in identifying and supporting fathers with pregnancy-related anxiety and addressing the sense of exclusion often experienced by them.
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