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The Global Innovation Index 2017

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Sreenivasarao Vepachedu at ॐ卐Sree Vepachedu Educational Foundation Inc. USA
Sreenivasarao Vepachedu
  • ॐ卐Sree Vepachedu Educational Foundation Inc. USA
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Innovation is not limited to the most advanced economies. Innovation is also not limited to the high technology sectors. Innovation has today become a global phenomenon, affecting all sectors of the economy, including food and agriculture—which are among the most ancient and basic sectors of activity. Feeding the world, while contributing to protecting the environment and providing quality and balanced nutrition to growing populations with different lifestyles and consumption patterns, remains a complex challenge. Innovation has a key role to play in addressing this challenge.
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Innovation Feeding the World
The Global Innovation Index 2017
Published on July 12, 2017
Innovation Feeding the World
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Rao Vepachedu, JD, PhD, LLM
Attorney, USA
004
Global Innovation Index 2017: Highlights from Co-editor Dutta
Innovation is not limited to the most advanced economies. Innovation is also not limited
to the high technology sectors. Innovation has today become a global phenomenon,
affecting all sectors of the economy, including food and agriculture—which are among
the most ancient and basic sectors of activity. Feeding the world, while contributing to
protecting the environment and providing quality and balanced nutrition to growing
populations with different lifestyles and consumption patterns, remains a complex
challenge. Innovation has a key role to play in addressing this challenge.
The 2017 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) is dedicated to the theme of
innovation in agriculture and food systems. Innovation can be key to maintaining the
productivity growth required to meet this rising demand in a sustainable fashion, and it
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can help enhance the networks
that integrate food systems. It
presents a novel approach
towards identifying and ranking
the world’s largest clusters of
inventive activity, drawing on
international patent filings.
Despite the fact that India is
one of the world’s largest
producers of food grain, the
largest producer of milk, and
its second largest producer of
sugar, low-quality inputs such
as low-grade seed, saline soil,
inadequate irrigation,
traditional farming methods
(combined with small,
scattered landholdings),
restrictive access to formal
credit, dependence on private moneylenders, and weak market linkages have
long plagued its agriculture sector.
To counter these challenges, a gradual infusion of tech-based tools such as
digital remote sensing, geographic and price information systems, crop and soil
health monitoring, and farm management platforms has taken place. The
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has been a strong proponent of this
paradigm shift.
The theme of this year’s Global Innovation Index (GII), ‘Innovation Feeding
the World’, thus resonates well with the agenda and focus of CII in this sector.
CHANDRAJIT BANERJEE, Director General Confederation of Indian Industry.
The first edition of the GII was produced in 2007 by Soumitra Dutta at INSEAD with
the goal of producing a comprehensive broad-based model of innovation that captured
its complex nature in both developed and emerging economies. Over the last decade, the
GII has gained international recognition, establishing itself as both a leading reference
on innovation and a ‘tool for action’ for decision makers.
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... Moreover, innovation capacity is among the dynamic capacities leading to achieving a competitive and sustainable advantage [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Hence, by adopting innovative and R&D practices, a country might enhance its growth and competitiveness, particularly for a developing country [15,16]. In addition, it encompasses diverse perspectives, e.g., organizational capacity [11,17,18], public capacity [19][20][21], regional capacity [14,20,22], national capacity [23][24][25], among others. ...
... Although they are not directly related to each other, both represent the consecution of a highly effective innovation capacity. University/research innovation prominence is the result of the performance of public and private universities, corporative entities, agencies, and other institutions undertaking relevant innovation and R&D actions in a country [16,41,148,149]. Furthermore, for the industry, the value of a business is related to the perception of its presence in the market, with it being protected by a trademark [39,52,79], where the trademark application is the result of innovative and R&D processes [150]. ...
... Innovation capacity is among the dynamic capacities leading to achieving a competitive and sustainable advantage [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Further, by adopting innovative and R&D practices, developing countries might enhance their growth and competitiveness [15,16]. However, due to the complexity of national innovation systems, where the innovation capacity is performed, developing this dynamic capacity may be overwhelming for a developing country dealing with various lacks and limitations. ...
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... It should be noted that in Poland the global innovation index is higher than in Ukraine. This data is demonstrated on Figure 5. Source: [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [11] ...
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Since innovation is a productivity driver that leads to economic growth, the case of a developing country, Ecuador, is studied. The aim of this paper is to measure the causal effect of innovation on firms' productivity by distinguishing the type of innovation, namely, in products, in process, in organization and in marketing. To do so, an endogenous switching model is estimated using the Science, Technology and Innovation Activity Survey. The results indicate that the productivity loss is higher for innovating firms if they stop innovating than the productivity gain of non-innovating firms if they engage in innovation. The difference between the productivity losses and gains depends on the type of innovation. ¿La novedad y el tipo de innovación afectan el desempeño de las empresas? Un estudio de caso para Ecuador Resumen: Dado que la innovación es un motor de la productividad que conduce al crecimiento económico, se estudia el caso de un país en desarrollo como el Ecuador. El objetivo de este artículo es medir el efecto causal de la innovación en la productividad de las empresas distinguiendo el tipo de innovación, es decir, in productos, procesos, organización y marketing. Para ello se estima un modelo de conmutación endógena usando la Encuesta de Actividades de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación(STIA, 2011, 2014). Los resultados indican que la pérdida de productividad es mayor para las empresas innovadoras si dejan de innovar que la ganancia de productividad de las empresas no innovadoras si se dedican a la innovación. La diferencia entre pérdidas y ganancias de productividad depende del tipo de innovación.
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أثر اقتصاد المعرفة على الأداء الاقتصادي والتجاري
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هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى قياس الأثر الذي يحدثه اقتصاد المعرفة على الأداء الاقتصادي والتجاري، لمجموعة من الدول النفطية مقارنة بمجموعة من الدول غير النفطية، خلال الفترة الممتدة من (2013-2020)، وللتحليل التجريبي تم استخدام بيانات السلاسل الزمنية المقطعية وفق كل من آلية لوحة تصحيح الخطأ المعياري، وتقدير نموذج الأثار العشوائية بخيار vce (robust)، وتقدير نموذج الآثار العشوائية مع الأخطاء المعيارية، وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى وجود تأثير ايجابي لاقتصاد المعرفة على نصيب الفرد العامل من الناتج المحلي الاجمالي وبالتالي زيادة النمو الاقتصادي ومستوى تنافسية الاقتصاد في مجموعة الدول النفطية وكذلك بالنسبة للدول غير النفطية، كما أكدّت الدراسة على وجود أثر ايجابي لاقتصاد المعرفة على حصة قطاعات الصناعات التحويلية في الدول النفطية، بينما له تأثير سلبي في الدول غير النفطية، كما يساهم التقدم المحرز في ركائز اقتصاد المعرفة في زيادة نسبة مساهمة القيمة المضافة للصناعات عالية التقنية في الدول النفطية، وكذلك الحال في الدول غير النفطية. بينما كان لأثر اقتصاد المعرفة أثر سلبي على التنويع الاقتصادي في الدول النفطية والدول غير النفطية
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