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The advertisement calls of three Eleutherodactylus species (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in a Colombian highland community
... The call structure of P. taeniatus described here is comparatively different from the calls of other phylogenetically close species, such as P. bogotensis (Rivera-Correa & Daza-R. 2020; Rivera-Correa et al. 2021), which has a longer call duration (3.105 ± 1.33 s), a lower dominant frequency (2.38 ± 0.1 kHz), a lower note repetition rate (3.56 ± 0.43 s) and a higher number of notes per call (11.4 ± 4.00; see Bernal & Guzmán 1999; Table 3). ...
... In relation to our study, the analysis of advertisement calls evidenced in other Pristimantis species with similar sizes present in the Andean region of Colombia, show significant differences between the call structures (statistical data not shown). Pristimantis taeniatus has a smaller size and a higher dominant frequency than P. bogotensis, P. nervicus (Bernal & Guzmán 1999), and P. piceus (Bernal et al. 2004). Pristimantis taeniatus differs from P. cryptopictus and P. dorsopictus (Patiño-Ocampo et al. 2022), P. uranobates (Romero-Garcia et al. 2015), and P. zorro (Rivera-Correa & Daza-R. ...
The specific objectives of this work were to: (1) evaluate how the acoustic parameters of the advertisement call of Pristimantis taeniatus (from Colombia) vary both as a function of the intrinsic factors (size, mass, and body condition of the vocalizing individual) and of extrinsic factors (air temperature [°C] and percent relative humidity [%RH]); and (2) document the coefficients of variation of acoustic parameters at the intraspecific level. The advertisement call is non-frequency modulated call with uniform notes, composed of four to 12 short notes. The call duration was 0.289 ± 0.101 s, with a call rate of 12.70 ± 1.93 calls/min and a call interval of 4.22 ± 1.79 s. The dominant frequency of the call was 2.62 ± 0.15 kHz. The note duration was 0.007 ± 0.004 s, the number of notes per call was 5.39 ± 1.36, the note interval duration was 0.053 ± 0.009 s and the note repetition rate was 19.49 ± 3.53 notes/s. Body weight was positively correlated with SVL. The morphological variables SVL, body weight, and body condition had no significant correlation with any of the acoustic parameters. Call duration and note interval showed a significant negative correlation with %HR. Dominant frequency also showed a significant positive correlation with air temperature. The temperature of the perch did not significantly affect any of the acoustic parameters. The temporal parameters were classified as dynamic while those spectral were classified as static. Call interval was the parameter with the highest variation and the dominant frequency was that with the lowest variation.
... Se analizaron 3 cantos por individuo y el número de animales por especie varío entre 5 y 10. Las características de las vocalizaciones estudiadas fueron: frecuencia dominante (equivalente a la frecuencia con mayor energía), la duración de los llamados, el número de notas por llamado y el número de pulsos por nota (Crocrofl & Ryan, 1995;Bernal & Guzmán, 1999). Para la determinación del número de llamados por minuto, se contó el número de llamados emitidos por un animal focal durante 10 minutos. ...
... Esto se puede esperar, ya que la frecuencia de emisión de un sonido está en relación con la vibración de las cuerdas vocales, los cartílagos asociados y el tamaño del saco vocal (Pough et al., 1998;Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 1998), los cuales no generan grandes diferencias acústicas para animales de una misma especie con un tamaño corporal semejante, aunque sí en especies diferentes. En comparaciones interespecíficas, el tamaño corporal es una variable que se relaciona inversa y significativamente con la frecuencia dominante (Bernal & Guzmán, 1999). En el presente trabajo también se pudo constatar este resultado (Fig. 2); y la posible razón a esta relación se puede atribuir a un incremento en las cuerdas vocales, los cartílagos y la caja de resonancia, que en los animales de mayor tamaño produce sonidos más graves y con una frecuencia más baja (Bradbury, 1998;Pough et al., 1998). ...
Con el objetivo de conocer algunas características de la actividad vocal y de determinar los anuros del municipio de Ibagué a través de parámetros acústicos, se realizó el presente trabajo en 11 sitios diferentes dentro del municipio, en un rango altitudinal comprendido desde los 780 m. hasta los 4.300 m. De las 35 especies de anuros encontradas en el municipio solo fue posible el registro acústico de 13 de ellas, las cuales presentan vocalizaciones que son características para cada especie y permiten su identificación taxonómica. También se observó que entre las especies existe una gran variación interespecífica e intraespecífica en la tasa de llamados, una menor variación en la duración de un llamado, notas por llamado, pulsos por nota y que la frecuencia dominante es la variable con la menor variación intraespecífica pero con gran variación interespecífica. Abstract With the objective of knowing some characteristics of the vocal activity and of determining the anurans of the "Municipality" of Ibagué by means of acoustic parameters, we carried out the present work in 11 different places inside the municipality, in a range altitudinal from the 780 m. until the 4.300 m. Of the 35 species of frogs and toads found, it was possible to study only 13 of them. In this work it was found that each one of the 13 species presents a vocalization that is characteristic and that it allows their taxonomic identification. Also, it was observed that among the species it exists a great interspecific and intraspecific variation in the rate of calls, a smaller variation in the duration of a call, notes for call, pulses for note, and that the dominant frequency is the variable with the smallest intraspecific variation but with great interspecific variation.
... yCastro 1999, Vargas-S. et al. 2000) y comunicación (Bernal yGuzmán 1999, Lüddecke et al. 2000, Amézquita y Hödl 2004) están relativamente bien representadas, existiendo por ejemplo, amplia información sobre la demografía y ecofisiología de Hyla labialis y otros anuros de zonas altas (Amézquita 1999, Amézquita y Lüddecke 1999, Navas 1999). Sin embargo, datos demográficos a largo plazo que permitan detectar fluctuaciones drásticas de algunas poblaciones de anfibios (Toft 1980, Rand et al. 1983, Toft et al. 1990, Duellman 1995, Stewart 1995, Magnusson et al. 1999), son prácticamente inexistentes para la casi totalidad de las especies colombianas de anfibios.D. Vertebrados terrestres y sus hábitats-a. ...
Vocalizations are one of the most important communication modalities in amphibian biology, and advertisement call is the type of vocalization mostly emitted by anurans (frogs and toads). In the present study, we carried out a scientometric analysis of the advertisement call in species of anurans in Colombia to determine the state of knowledge of this science in the country. We recorded the number of call descriptions and its trend throughout more than 60 years; in addition, we identified how many species there are with the call described per taxonomic family, geographic units and threat status. According to our review, between 1958 and June 30 of 2021, at least 296 studies have been published that describe the advertisement call of 307 species (of 785 in the country); only 130 descriptions come from recordings to individuals in Colombian populations. Leptodactylidae and Hylidae are the families with the highest percentage of species whose call has been described (84.6% and 68.4%, respectively). On the contrary, Bufonidae (19.5%) and Craugastoridae (12.9%) exhibit a low percentage of described calls. The Central and Eastern cordilleras were the regions with the best knowledge of advertisement calls, while the least known were the Caribbean – interAndean valleys, Orinoquía, and Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In terms of the threat status, the species with the least concern (LC) were the ones that presented the highest number of species with the call described. Despite an increase in the most recent two decades, our findings still reveal notable gaps in knowledge of the advertisement calls in Colombian anurans, which constitutes an incentive to develop future research on this subject. Finally, based on this meta-analysis, we highlight some recommendations that we hope that we hope stimulate new studies in ecoacoustics, using anurans in Colombia as a study model.
The present study sought to determine the effect of spatial heterogeneity, a product of the different vegetation mosaics and environmental and structural gradients of the paramo, on the structure of anu-ran assemblage in a sector of Chingaza National Park. Environmental and structural variables were recorded from aerial photographs taken with a drone in six vegetation mosaics identifying landscape met-rics to areas of influence of 50 and 100 m. At the end of 162 hours/person of sampling, we found 45 individuals belonging to four species. The variables mostly related to the structure of anuran assemblages varied with the spatial scale of analysis as follows: (a) at the level of the environmental-structural gradient in the vegetation mosaics (microhabitat scale), the percentage of frailejones, number of trunks of fallen frailejones, air temperature, and wind speed were the most determinant; (b) at the landscape unit level, at an area of influence of 50 m, the effect of the number of classes and in particular, the extent of peatland and peatland vegetation classes was evidenced; and (c) at an area of influence of 100 m scale, the configuration of the landscape units was most important, mainly the extension of the classes of peatland and low scrubs intermixed with pajonal and frailejonal. The results suggest that anurans present a scale-dependent response to spatial heterogeneity, an aspect that should be considered in the protected area´s management plans when structuring population monitoring schemes.
During an exploratory field trip, made to identify possible study areas in one of the isolated paramos
north of the Arcabuco region (Boyacá, Colombia), a species of terrestrial frog assignable to the
unistrigatus species group of the genus Pristimantis was discovered. It is similar in morphology to the
species group with reduced discs formed by Pristimantis mnionaetes, P. nervicus and P. nicefori of
the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. These species allow the recognition of 10 species of this genus
associated with high mountain environments in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Data on their
morphology, distribution and natural history and associated anurans reported from this geographical
area are presented.
We present a phylogenetic analysis within the Pristimantis unistrigatus group (Anura, Craugastoridae) of Colombia. Characters from the superficial muscles of the hands and feet as well as external characters were taken for analysis. Most of the muscle characters were observed directly, and some were taken from the literature. Similarly, the external ones were taken mostly from the original descriptions and others from the literature as well. Two matrices were constructed, as the species belonging to this group have changed in recent years with respect to the initially proposed when the group was defined. The results lead us to conclude that the group is not monophyletic, although there are some relationships that are worth to survey because they are kept in the very last cladograms obtained for both proposals. It is suggested that these last relationships should be explored in particular, and the overall group in general, increasing the number of characters and taxa that belong to P. unistrigatus. An open question we left is whether actually is worth to keep these informal taxonomic hierarchy called group within the genera of anurans.
We present a phylogenetic analysis within the Pristimantis unistrigatus group (Anura, Craugastoridae) of Colombia. Characters from the superficial muscles of the hands and feet as well as external characters were taken for analysis. Most of the muscle characters were observed directly, and some were taken from the literature. Similarly, the external ones were taken mostly from the original descriptions and others from the literature as well. Two matrices were constructed, as the species belonging to this group have changed in recent years with respect to the initially proposed when the group was defined. The results lead us to conclude that the group is not monophyletic, although there are some relationships that are worth to survey because they are kept in the very last cladograms obtained for both proposals. It is suggested that these last relationships should be explored in particular, and the overall group in general, increasing the number of characters and taxa that belong to P. unistrigatus. An open question we left is whether actually is worth to keep these informal taxonomic hierarchy called group within the genera of anurans. RESUMEN Se presenta un análisis filogenético del grupo Prsitimantis unistrigatus (Anura, Craugastoridae) de Colombia. Para esto se tomaron caracteres de la musculatura superficial de manos y pies y caracteres externos. La mayoría de los caracteres musculares fueron observados directamente, y algunos fueron tomados de la literatura. Igualmente, los externos fueron tomados en su mayoría de las descripciones originales, ZooloGía-sisteMátiCa Phylogenetic analysis whithin the Pristimantis unistrigatus
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