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The Interdependent Part of Cloud Computing:Dew Computing

Authors:
The Interdependent Part of Cloud Computing:Dew
Computing
Hiral M. Patel1, Rupal R. Chaudhari1, Kinjal R. Prajapati1 , and Ami A. Patel1
1Sanalchand Patel College Of Engineering, Visnagar , Gujarat, India
{hmpatel.ce@spcevng.ac.in,rrchaudhari.ce@spcevng.ac.in,kinjal129
2@gmail.com,ameeap90@gmail.com}
Abstract. Consumers educe umpteen advantages by placing private data
enclosed by cloud computing utilities, although the hindrance of keeping data
in such kind of services is unavailability of consumers own data in absence of
Internet connection. To figure out this enigma in an effective and excellent
manner, new computing that is independent as well as collaborative with the
cloud computing is emerged denoted as Dew computing. The dew computing is
revealed and realized as a fresh layer in the current distributed computing
hierarchy. Dew computing is placed as the base level for the Fog and Cloud
computing archetypes. Hierarchical and interdependent separation from Cloud
to Dew Computing satisfies the necessity of low and high end computing
demands in day to day life. These new computing paradigms diminish the
expense and enhance the execution especially for ideas like Internet of
Everything (IoE) and the Internet of Things (IoT).This paper presents basic
concepts as well as cloud-dew architecture with working flow of dew
computing,the correlation among Cloud Computing, Fog Computing, and Dew
Computing along with comparison among all these paradigms.
Keywords: Dew computing. Fog computing. Cloud computing. IoT.
1 Introduction
The way to store and retrieve personal as well as commercial information has been
totally refined due to enormous innovations in today’s world. With fast growth of
Internet,users can access their data anywhere in the world without carrying the data on
a physical devices. In early 2000,the new notion was introduced titled as “cloud
computing”, which is the technology of storing and accessing data as well as
applications over an Internet network. Cloud computing uses networks of shared large
pools of systems,resources and servers. With the concept of pay on use,cloud
computing architecture allows the client to procure services at different level of
abstraction such as Platform as a Service,Software as a Service and Information as a
Service , depending upon their requirements[1]. It gives users the freedom from
location bounding as users can access services everywhere with the help of
2
availability of Internet and a standard web browser,allowing to work on a single
project from multiple Geo-distributed workplaces.
Today's tech-savvy world is brimful of electronics gadgets,
sensors,robots,machines,appliances, equipments and actuators which all are smart
objects programmed to carry out functions mainly as stand-apart devices and are
interconnected through either wired or wireless links to form a one universal network
which is known as into the Internet of Things.
Registration to cloud provides the privilege of accessing data from service
providers in any part of world,but this ease come up with the hazards of security as
well as privacy. This provokes the idea of intercept concentrating on cloud and initiate
unraveling how to store and operate the spurt of data that is being yielded by IoT .IoT
demands mobility support,broad range of Geo-distribution, location awareness as well
as low latency qualities. Thus,the Internet of Things wields an augmented
configuration of Cloud Computing designated as Fog Computing. Fog Computing is
an articulation between the powerful Cloud Computing and the network of
incalculable smart devices. Whereas the Cloud Computing accredit its client
computers by sharing resources for computing and data storage located in the server at
a remote data center known as Cloud,Whereas the fog computing provides resources
to the networked clients by proximate to the source of the data. The whole system
using Cloud and Fog Computing for Internet of People and Internet of Things is
known as Internet of Everything.
As we know,Cloud and fog computing requires Internet connection. The evident
detriment of keeping data using the Cloud utility is forfeiting access in the absence of
Internet connection. Because all resources are far from user’s premises and out from
user’s control,if an Internet connection is lost, the user will not be able to access the
user’s own data. To eliminate this problem one more new concept comes into picture
known as “Dew computing”.
1.1 What is Dew Computing?
Dew Computing is a prototype whose objective is to wholly grasp the abilities of
personal computers as well as cloud services. In such kind of archetype, organization
of softwares on a personal computer is based on the Cloud-dew Architecture which
offers lavish utilities independent and collaborates with cloud services. Dew
Computing is the future direction of on-premises computer applications[7].
“Dew computing is method where the on-premises computer provides utilities
which are independent and also collaborative with cloud services. The goal of dew
computing is to fully realize the potentials of on-premises computers and cloud
services”[2].
The independence feature encourages using on-premises resources as far as
possible before sending requests to cloud services to fully understand the power of
on-premises computers[2].Meaning of Collaboration is exchange of information
with cloud services automatically during dew computing application's operation.
Collaboration may involves synchronization, correlation, or any other type of inter
operations. The collaboration feature realizes the potentials of cloud services by
promoting the use of cloud services together with on-premises computers.
3
Independence suggest inherently distributed nature of application whereas
collaboration suggest inherently connected nature of dew computing application[2].
1.2 The Correlation amidst Cloud Computing, Fog Computing, and Dew
Computing
Like, a cloud is far away from ground, fog is closer to the ground and dew is on
the ground, cloud computing is remote,fog computing is at the neighborhood of users
and dew computing is at the user end itself. Figure 1 shows the pictorial view of
cloud,fog and dew computing.
Fig. 1. Pictorial View of Cloud,Fog and Dew Computing[6]
2 Cloud-Dew Architecture
The task of making synchronization between data on cloud and local computers
very trivial in case of complex data. In [4] author's architecture follows the
conventions of Cloud architecture,in addition to Cloud servers, there are dew servers
which are situated on the native system and act as a buffer between the local user and
the Cloud servers,also abstain the enigma of data becoming out of synchronization.
This dew server would essentially host scaled-down variants of websites,full of per-
downloaded contents,which the user could access without Internet connection[8]. The
major two functions performed by dew server and its related databases are: providing
the client services same as services provided by the Cloud server and another is,
maintaining synchronization between databases of dew server and cloud server.
Cloud-dew architecture is an extension of the client- server architecture [3]. This
architecture is represented in Figure 2. A dew server has the following features[5]:
(1) A dew server is a light weight web server,which is able to serve only one user.
(2) A dew server can stores only user’s data because a dew server is very small like a
drop of dew while a cloud server is very big like a real cloud.
(3) A dew server is week as real drop of dew because a dew server's data vanishes
easily due to hardware failure,infection of virus etc.
(4) Because cloud can provide all the necessities,after disappearance dew will come
out again,similarly vanished dew server can be entertained once again because of
copy of all dew server data in the cloud servers.
4
(5) A dew server is running on the local computer,so it is available with or without an
Internet connection.
This architecture can furthermore be employed to make available websites off
line. Suchlike system can diminish the overhead of Internet data for an organization
having weak Internet connectivity. Many functions like displaying files or images,
playing audio or video would be possible without Internet connection but provided
that data had been synchronized to the "dew site" from the web over the last
connection interval.
Fig. 2. Cloud-dew architecture[4]
3 Existing Architecture Analysis
We found that only few authors have worked on concept of Dew computing,so
first let us clear what existing scheme is.In existing cloud-dew architecture,two kinds
of URLs are considered:regular URL such as https://www.test.com and local URL
such as https://mmm.test.com. On user's local computer the website is hosted,which
is known as “dew site”. Here mmm can be used to indicate dew site whereas www is
used to indicate website. All names of the dew sites that user wants on his dew server
must be placed in the host file ,which is available in almost all operating system and
maps host names to IP addresses .A dew server can be accessed with the help of local
host. When a user enters URL in the navigation bar of the browser,if a URL is
correspond to a website(i.e. beginning with www)then browser follows the steps to
map the domain name to the IP address using DNS server and display website content
and if a URL is correspond to a dew site(i.e, beginning with mmm)then dew server
check the existence of domain name in host file. If host file does not contain requested
domain name then dew server will send request for script and database of requested
website to the remote domain(cloud server).when the requested is approved by
remote domain then script and database of website will be integrated in dew server.
Then local URL will be mapped to the local-host. Dew server will then find target
host name by using environmental variable. The URL request will be then redirected
to the corresponding dew site script. User will then perform operation on dew site[4].
synchronization with cloud server will started on the availability of the Internet
connection. Now,to perform synchronization between content of dew site and website,
user have to logged into website .Once the user logged into website,after doing
internally mapping of user id of dew site and user id of website , a link is created
between user on dew site with website and synchronization will be started
5
automatically[4]. Through Figure 3 given below,we speculate the steps describe above
of dew computing process.
Fig. 4. Dew computing Process Flow
4 Our Contribution
In Section 4.1 we are trying to do basic analysis of currently available distributed
computing paradigms based on general parameters in Table 1,based on location based
parameters in Table 2 and networked based parameters in Table 3.Section 4.2 contains
Table 4,which includes comparative exploration of Cloud,Fog and Dew Computing.
6
4.1 Basic Analysis
Table 1. Analysis based on general parameters
No Requirement Cloud Computing Fog Computing Dew Computing
1 Goal Providing services on
demand
Make IoT more
efficient
To achieve the
potentiality of
personal computers
and cloud services
2Peculiar
Feature
Providing scalable
and measured
resources on demand
using Internet
technologies
Proximity to end
user,Dense
geographical
distribution,mobility
productive as well
as cloud friendly
cooperative services
to users
3Amount Of
Data Handle Medium Large Low
4Computing
Devices Used
High Configured
Computer(server)
+Automation devices
Automation
Devices(sensors,
controllers, chips,
disks, network
devices,)
Computer
5Database
Used Huge sized Large Sized Middle sized
6 Support IoE Yes Yes Yes
7Eliminate
bottleneck No Yes Yes
8 Fault Tolerant No Yes Yes
Table 2. Analysis based on Location parameters
No Requirement Cloud
Computing Fog Computing Dew Computing
1Location of
Resource Remote
At proximity of
user/On edge of
network
Right at user end/On
same machine
2
Location
Information
available
during Data
Analytics?
Not available Available No need of location
information
3 Remoteness
between
Numerous hops One hop On same machine
7
client and
server
4Geo
distribution Centralized Distributed Personalized
5Support of
Mobility Limited Supported Limited
Table 3. Analysis based on Network Parameters
No Requirement Cloud
Computing
Fog
Computing Dew Computing
1 Data Traffic High Medium Low
2 Service Latency High Medium Low
3 Satisfy need of IoT? No Yes
Not proposed for
IoT,but used in
organizing IoT control
Centers
4 Internet or IoT? Internet IoT Internet
5 Number of Nodes Few Large One
6 Security Level Low Medium High
7Internet Connection
required? Yes Yes No
8 Delay Jitter High Very Low Not Present
9 Improve QoS No Yes Yes
10 Scalability No Yes Yes
11 Reliability No Yes Yes
12 Barrage on data
during routing High Probability Very Low
Probability Very Low Probability
13 No of Server Nodes Few Large One
4.2 Comparative Exploration of Cloud,Fog and Dew Computing
Table 4. Comparative Exploration of Cloud,Fog and Dew Computing
No Cloud Computing Fog Computing Dew Computing
1 Processing of data and
applications is time
consuming because of
working from centralized
Because of processing of data
is done on the network
edge,less time is required in
operation.
Dew works off line,but
when Internet is
available,data and
applications are
8
cloud. updated on the cloud.
so it is very fast in
processing.
2
Each bit of data is send
to the centralized cloud
which causes bandwidth
problems
Relatively less number of
bandwidth problem,as every
bit of data is collected at some
access point,instead of
sending over cloud.
No bandwidth is
required in collection of
data but when network
is available,
synchronization of data
and applications done
on cloud channel.
3
Slow response time and
scalability problems as a
result of depending
servers that are located at
remote places.
It is possible to solve response
time and scalability issue by
placing tiny servers known as
edge server in proximity of
user.
Good response time
and no scalability
problem.
4
It is widely used in the
business community to
fulfill high computing
demands on low cost
using utility pricing
model.
It is preferable for batch
processing jobs adopted by
business world.
It is used in everyday
life. for
example,integrated
traffic control system of
a town,which enable
auto-adaptive traffic
control behavior[3].
4.3 Technical Challenges of Dew computing
As far as our knowledge is concerned,we are the one among the others to provide
various future issues and challenges which may become obstacles for the adoption of
dew computing and may also become new research direction. Here we list out the
issues ;
1. Although dew computing will provide to user some services off line, the time for
which it will be in incompatible state with the cloud is also one of the important
concern. Intricacy of compatible matters will expand integrally with increasing
number of users.
2. For synchronization of data on local computer with cloud services,local machine
have to run all the time,which consume too much energy.
3.It is required to design OS which implements and manages the collaborate feature
of dew computing.
4.When more than one dew sites are created on a single dew server running on a local
computer,there may be chances of conflicts for usage of available ports and other
resources between dew sites,so it will rise the requirement for the development of
new communication protocol transferring data between dew sites and remote cloud
servers.
5.It is not safe to store user credentials in database of dew server running on local
computer,because there may be chances of accessing database of dew server by using
9
some malicious software running on local computer. So,Database security is also one
of the major concern.
6. Dew site developer become bounded to use set of platforms and databases that are
only dew capable. So that it does not allow much freedom in developing dew site.
This leads to find the solution of developing dew site independent of platform and
database.
7.As time goes on,dew server will download more and more data which eventually
cause available storage out of run,so there must be requirement of developing
mechanism for replacement of downloaded content.
8. As dew servers must have to synchronize with cloud server periodically,hence there
may be chances of out of synchronization related issues.
5 Conclusion
Dew Computing is grounded on a micro service idea in vertically distributed
computing classification. The ability to provide a web-surfing experience without an
Internet connection is the realization of the distributed systems. This paper includes
various fundamentals of new concept of dew computing along with comparative
exploration of cloud computing,fog computing and dew computing,which can be used
to understand strengths,limitations as well as applications of these paradigms. we have
also discuss about various future issues and challenges which may become obstacles
for the adoption of dew computing and which may also provide new direction of
research. In summary,we can conclude that dew computing is closely connected to
cloud computing. Dew computing which is supportive in perceiving the vigor of cloud
computing is not isolated from cloud computing, but it is the interdependent part of
cloud computing. Without cloud computing,dew computing would not be possible.
References
1. Evolution of Cloud to Fog Computing,
https://blog.rankwatch.com/evolution-of-cloud-to-fogcomputing/
2. Yingwei Wang,Definition and Categorization of Dew Computing. Open Journal of Cloud
Computing (OJCC), Vol.3,Issue 1(2016)
3. Karolj Skala, Davor Davidovi, Enis Afgan, Ivan Sovi, Zorislav Sojat,Scalable Distributed
Computing Hierarchy:Cloud, Fog and Dew Computing. Open Journal of Cloud Computing
(OJCC),2,1(2015)
4. Yingwei Wang,Cloud-dew architecture. Int. J. Cloud Computing,Vol.4, Issue 3,pp. 199-- 210
(2015)
5. Yingwei Wang,Cloud-dew architecture: realizing the potential of distributed database
systems in unreliable networks .In International Conference on Parallel and Distributed
Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA), pp. 85--89 (2015)
6. Comparison of Cloud and Fog Computing,
https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/8/005/071/12c/3e304b5.jpg
7. Andy Rindos,Yingwei Wang,Dew computing:the Complementary Piece of Cloud
Computing. In 2016 IEEE International Conferences on Big Data and Cloud
Computing(BDCloud),Social Computing and Networking(SocialCom),Sustainable
Computing and Communications(SustainCom),pp. 15-20 (2016)
8. David Edward Fisher,Shuhui Yang,Doing More with the Dew:A New Approach to Cloud-
Dew Architecture. Open Journal of Cloud Computing (OJCC),vol.3,Issue 1(2016)

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Article
Full-text available
Dew computing is an emerging new research area and has great potentials in applications. In this paper, we propose a revised definition of dew computing. The new definition is: Dew computing is an on-premises computer software-hardware organization paradigm in the cloud computing environment where the on-premises computer provides functionality that is independent of cloud services and is also collaborative with cloud services. The goal of dew computing is to fully realize the potentials of on-premises computers and cloud services. This definition emphasizes two key features of dew computing: independence and collaboration. Furthermore, we propose a group of dew computing categories. These categories may inspire new applications. The full text of this article can be obtained in the following URL: https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojcc/OJCC_2016v3i1n02_YingweiWang.html
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The paper considers the conceptual approach for organization of the vertical hierarchical links between the scalable distributed computing paradigms: Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Dew Computing. In this paper, the Dew Computing is described and recognized as a new structural layer in the existing distributed computing hierarchy. In the existing computing hierarchy, the Dew computing is positioned as the ground level for the Cloud and Fog computing paradigms. Vertical, complementary, hierarchical division from Cloud to Dew Computing satisfies the needs of high- and low-end computing demands in everyday life and work. These new computing paradigms lower the cost and improve the performance, particularly for concepts and applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Everything (IoE). In addition, the Dew computing paradigm will require new programming models that will efficiently reduce the complexity and improve the productivity and usability of scalable distributed computing, following the principles of High-Productivity computing.
Article
Full-text available
Users derive many benefits by storing personal data in cloud computing services; however the drawback of storing data in these services is that the user cannot access his/her own data when an internet connection is not available. To solve this problem in an efficient and elegant way, we propose the cloud-dew architecture. Cloud-dew architecture is an extension of the client-server architecture. In the extension, servers are further classified into cloud servers and dew servers. The dew servers are web servers that reside on user’s local computers and have a pluggable structure so that scripts and databases of websites can be installed easily. The cloud-dew architecture not only makes the personal data stored in the cloud continuously accessible by the user, but also enables a new application: web-surfing without an internet connection. An experimental system is presented to demonstrate the ideas of the cloud-dew architecture.
Cloud-dew architecture: realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks
  • Yingwei Wang
Yingwei Wang,Cloud-dew architecture: realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks.In International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA), pp. 85--89 (2015)
Doing More with the Dew:A New Approach to Cloud-Dew Architecture
  • David Edward Fisher
  • Shuhui Yang
David Edward Fisher,Shuhui Yang,Doing More with the Dew:A New Approach to Cloud-Dew Architecture. Open Journal of Cloud Computing (OJCC),vol.3,Issue 1(2016)