Additional Eremidium species from Eastern Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa and a new genus, Zulutettix (Acridoidea: Lentulidae)

Abstract

Two new species are added to the genus Armstrongium (dlinza and carolinae). The genera Silvanidium, Silvanidiella, Pondoidium, and Parasilvanidium are treated as subgenera of Eremidium. The nominal subgenus Eremidium (Eremidium) appears to be comprised of five species groups, here called Group A through E. The subgenus E. (Silvanidium) is considered to included only the type species, E. (S.) armstrongi (Brown). Of the three species previously placed under Silvanidium, aculeatum Brown and peninsulare Brown are moved to Silvanidiella and margaretae Brown is moved to a new subgenus Natalium. Pondoidium trilineatum Brown is placed under Eremidium (Pondoidium). The subgenus Eremidium (Eremidium) now includes 21 species, of which two are new. The subgenus Eremidium (Silvanidiella) presently includes 17 species, of which 11 are new. The subgenus Eremidium (Pondoidium) presently includes 10 species, of which 4 are new. The subgenus Eremidium (Parasilvanidium) presently includes one species, previously placed under Parasilvanidium. A new genus Zulutettix is described to include 4 new species: unicornis, entumeni, hluhluwe, and tarranti.

Full text

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Publication date: 4 May 2017 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9270F5A5-7A7D-4C53-A940-E13501A1929A
TAES 143: 305-433
ISSO 0002-8320
http://taes.entomology-aes.org/
INTRODUCTION
The lentulid genus Eremidium is widespread
across eastern Africa and extends from the forests
along the southern coast (Knysna area), right up
the eastern escarpment to Zimbabwe and perhaps
beyond. Most of the species are associated with afro-
montane forests, sometimes in grassland close to
forests—but some are found in scrub and grassland
in the Eastern Cape. This paper is a continuation
of the survey of these grasshoppers. Earlier papers
by Brown 1962, 2012, 2013, and 2014 and by
Otte 2015 treat 55 species, some under the names
Armstrongium, Silvanidium, Parasilvanidium,
Silvanidiella, Pondoidium. The latter four names
names are retained here as subgenera of Eremidium.
A new subgenus Eremidium (Natalium) is added
here, to include two species previously placed in
Silvanidium and a new species, E. (N.) sambaba. In
this paper we add 17 new species from Eastern Cape
Province and KwaZulu-Natal. We also describe
four new species of a new forest-dwelling genus,
Zulutettix.
Brown has created a number of genera
(Silvanidium, Silvanidiella, Pondoidium, and
Parasilvanidium). The arrangement is confusing
because the distinctions among the subgenera are so
slight, and some of these genera include species which
in our view do not belong together. Our choice was to
drop the names completely and place all the species
under Eremidium but clustered together in different
species groups, or to retain the species groupings
as subgenera. We are condent that the members
of each subgenus belongs to a monophyletic group.
Why have we not just left them as separate genera? It
is for practical reasons, because the groups are only
very slightly different from one another, and because
some species are placed in one subgenus or another
with considerable difculty. If they are maintained as
separate genera this will give anyone who works with
them great difculty deciding what genus they belong
to. The genus Eremidium is easily recognized. So the
Additional Eremidium species from Eastern Cape Province and KwaZulu-Natal
Province in South Africa and a new genus, Zulutettix (Acridoidea: Lentulidae)
DANIEL OTTE1 AND ADRIAN ARMSTRONG2
1Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia PA 19103
email: otte@ansp.org
2Biodiversity Research & Assessment, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife www.kznwildlife.com
ABSTRACT
Two new species are added to the genus Armstrongium (dlinza and carolinae). The genera Silvanidium,
Silvanidiella, Pondoidium, and Parasilvanidium are treated as subgenera of Eremidium. The nominal
subgenus Eremidium (Eremidium) appears to be comprised of ve species groups, here called Group
A through E. The subgenus E. (Silvanidium) is considered to included only the type species, E. (S.)
armstrongi (Brown). Of the three species previously placed under Silvanidium, aculeatum Brown and
peninsulare Brown are moved to Silvanidiella and margaretae Brown is moved to a new subgenus
Natalium. Pondoidium trilineatum Brown is placed under Eremidium (Pondoidium). The subgenus
Eremidium (Eremidium) now includes 21 species, of which two are new. The subgenus Eremidium
(Silvanidiella) presently includes 17 species, of which 11 are new. The subgenus Eremidium (Pondoidium)
presently includes 10 species, of which 4 are new. The subgenus Eremidium (Parasilvanidium) presently
includes one species, previously placed under Parasilvanidium.
A new genus Zulutettix is described to include 4 new species: unicornis, entumeni, hluhluwe, and
tarranti.

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
306
question is: Should the genera be reconizable by only
an expert who must dissect the genitalia to determine
the genus, or should genera be easily recognizable
by a wider audience? We are using the model of the
North American genus Melanoplus, which includes
a large number of species which are placed into
species groups instead of being treated as genera. In
either case we are dealing with monophyletic groups,
but it is more practical to have a large genus which
can be recognized by a wide audience, than many
small genera which can be recognized only by a few
experts.
In this study we have examined the holotypes of
all species not described by us.
LIST OF SPECIES
ARMSTRONGIUM Brown Figs 1-9
Armstrongium dlinza n. sp. Figs 8, 9
Armstrongium pondoense BROWN
= Eremidium vuscu OTTE
Armstrongium viridipes BROWN
Armstrongium carolinae n. sp. Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
EREMIDIUM (EREMIDIUM)
GROUP A
E. (Eremidium) equuleus KARSCH
E. (Eremidium) kevusco OTTE
E. (Eremidium) maius RAMME
GROUP B
E. (Eremidium) carinae n. sp. Figs 10, 11, 12
E. (Eremidium) attenuatus DIRSH
E. (Eremidium) sesta OTTE
E. (Eremidium) quati OTTE
E. (Eremidium) dosi OTTE
E. (Eremidium) albaniense BROWN
E. (Eremidium) basuto BROWN
GROUP C
E. (Eremidium) sinka OTTE
E. (Silvanidiella) denticercus (DIRSH)
E. (Eremidium) manicaensis BROWN
GROUP D
E. (Eremidium) obtusus DIRSH
E. (Eremidium) samada OTTE
E. (Eremidium) gaape OTTE
E. (Eremidium) hunda OTTE
E. (Eremidium) macmac OTTE
E. (Eremidium) laurelae n. sp. Figs 13, 14
E. (Eremidium) curvicercus DIRSH Fig. 37
GROUP E
E. (Eremidium) curvicercus DIRSH
EREMIDIUM (SILVANIDIUM) (BROWN)
new combination
E. (Silvanidium) armstrongi (BROWN)
EREMIDIUM (PONDOIDIUM) (BROWN)
new combination
E. (Pondoidium) curriense n. sp. Figs 15, 16
E. (Pondoidium) kambati n. sp. Figs 17, 18, 19
E. (Pondoidium) kloofense n. sp. Figs 20, 21, 22
E. (Pondoidium) umtata n. sp. Figs 23, 24
E. (Pondoidium) trilineatum (BROWN) Figs 25, 112
E. (Pondoidium) benga (OTTE)
E. (Pondoidium) oribi (OTTE)
E. (Pondoidium) pondo (OTTE)
E. (Pondoidium) vernoncrookesi (OTTE)
E. (Pondoidium) yandi (OTTE)
EREMIDIUM (SILVANIDIELLA) (BROWN) new
combination
E. (Silvanidiella) amazulu n. sp. Figs 26a, 26b, 27,
28, 113
E. (Silvanidiella) aculeatum (BROWN)
E. (Silvanidiella) erectus (DIRSH)
E. (Silvanidiella) jabulanii n. sp. Figs 38, 39, 40,
41a, 41b
E. (Silvanidiella) didima n. sp. Figs 35, 36a, 36b
E. (Silvanidiella) browni n. sp. Figs 32, 33, 34
E. (Silvanidiella) blythense n. sp. Figs 29, 30, 31
E. (Silvanidiella) velaphii n. sp. Figs 57-62
E. (Silvanidiella) umfolozi n. sp. Figs 53-56
E. (Silvanidiella) richmondi n. sp. Figs 51, 52
E. (Silvanidium) peninsulare (BROWN) Figs 73-79
E. (Silvanidiella) anono (OTTE)
E. (Silvanidiella) mabengu n. sp. Figs 42-50
E. (Silvanidiella) louwi n. sp. Figs 66, 67, 68, 69
E. (Silvanidiella) gomezi n. sp. Figs 63, 64, 65

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 307
E. (Silvanidiella) otuso OTTE
E. (Silvanidiella) griqua BROWN Figs 25, 111
EREMIDIUM (PARASILVANIDIUM) (BROWN)
new combination
E. (Parasilvaniella) masoni (BROWN) Figs 70, 71,
72
EREMIDIUM (NATALIUM) new subgenus
E. (Natalium) sambaba n. sp. Figs 96-99
E. (Natalium) margaretae BROWN Figs 80-95
=E. (Silvanidium) nodena OTTE new synonym
ZULUTETTIX new genus
Zulutettix unicornis n. sp. Figs 102, 103, 104, 105
Zulutettix entumeni n. sp. Figs 102, 106
Zulutettix hluhluwe n. sp. Fig. 106
Zulutettix tarranti n. sp. Figs 107-110
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENTS
ARMSTRONGIUM Brown
Armstrongium Brown. Type species: Armstrongium
viridipes spec. nov. Annals of the Ditsong National
Museum of Natural History, Volume 2: 34.
Armstrongium carolinae new species
Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:17A92CDD-BC92-
4F1E-B41D-21A931E9D0F1
Type data — Holotype male: SOUTH AFRICA:
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban area, Kenneth Stainbank
Nature Reserve, 29 54 24.29S 30 56 52.02E, 29
November 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-2.—
Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females.
Specimens — Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females.
Same data as holotype.—1 male, 1 female. KwaZulu-
Natal, Durban area, North Park N R, 29 62 26.94S
30 52 56.13E, 29 November 2016. D. Otte & A.
Armstrong, 16-3. Type deposited in SANC, Pretoria.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males:
Body length 18, femur-3 length 9. Females: BL
22-24; F3L 10. Color: Males: With green legs; pale
on entire dorsum; dark brown on sides; lateral pale
band extending only to end of pronotum. Females:
Body color highly variable. Body pale brown to
dark brown, with or without an oblique pale band
on lateral lobes; venter of abdomen very pale, with a
line of dark markings along the median line; femur-3
unbanded on outer face, ivory colored on lower
marginal area.
Armstrongium dlinza new species
Figs 8, 9
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0ED0F392-DE29-
4A3A-BFDC-9A692CF9A07A
Type data — Holotype male, AA-41. South
Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Dlinza Forest Nature
Reserve, 28 53 50.35S 31 26 53.95”E, WSGS84
Datum, 1 December 2013, Mockel L, EKZNW
Record ID 477933. Type deposited in SANC,
Pretoria.
Specimens — Paratypes: 3 females, same data as
holotype.
Description — Measurements (mm).— Males
(n=1): body length 16; femur 3 length 8.5. Females
(n=3): body length 23-25, femur 3 length ca 11.
Color: Males: Brown, green, ivory. Pronutum
dorsum with indistinct lateral carinae, pale brown;
lateral lobe banded as follows (top to bottom): dark
brown in upper half; ivory and brown in lower half;
ivory band extends onto episternum 2. Meso- and
metathorax: dorsum ivory; sides bown except ivory
episternum 2. Legs 1 and 2 greenish brown. Femur 3
green. Tibia 3 blue-green. Females: uniform reddish
brown but femur 3 green.
Armstrongium viridipes Brown
Armstrongium viridipes Brown. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 2: 36.
Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Vernon
Crookes Nature Reserve, 30°16’33”S 30°36’38”E,
WGS 84 datum, [elev. 390 m], 8.xi.2011 (leg. A.
J. Armstrong & J. Tarrant); EKZNW Record ID
no. 338565; labelled ‘coastal scarp forest’ and ‘on
leaf litter of forest oor’.Type preserved in TMSA
Pretoria. Holotype examined.
Armstrongium viridipes, Otte 2015. Transactions of the
American Entomological Society 141: 499-544. Map
3. Figs. 31, 32. —KwaZulu Natal, Vernon Crookes
Reserve, 30 16 51.72S, 30 35 39.31E, 27 November
2014 (Otte and Thom). Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia.

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
308
Specimens — 1 female, KwaZulu-Natal, Vernon
Crookes Nature Reserve, 22 November 2013
(Armstrong and Gomez).— 1 female, KwaZulu-
Natal, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, 13 October
2010 (Armstrong and Karsing).— 1 male, 2 females.
KwaZulu-Natal, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve,
30 16 33.24 S 30 36 37.62, 22 November 2013.
— 1 male, 2 females. Same data Armstrong & R.
Karssing) EKZNW sp no. 329176; labelled ‘on leaf
litter in forest’ WGS sp. no. 84.
Armstrongium pondoense Brown
Armstrongium pondoense Brown. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 2: 42.
Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal Province (Natal
South Coast), Melville, Armadale Farm no. 7911,
[No. 7911 ], 30°39’31”S 30°30’18”E, WGS 84 datum
[elev. ~80 m] 09.xi.2011 (leg. A. J. Armstrong & J.
Tarrant); EKZNW Record ID no. 338569, labelled:
‘coastal forest in herbaceous undergrowth and [on]
leaf litter’. Henderson Forest. Type preserved in
TMSA, Pretoria. — Paratypes: nr. same locality,
30°39’33”S 30°30’21”E WGS 84 datum, elev. ~65
m, 07.xii.2012 (leg. A. J. Armstrong & A. Gomez),
EKZNW Record ID. no. 343734, labelled: ‘coastal
forest’. Holotype and paratype deposited in TMSA,
other paratypes or voucher specimens deposited
in NMSA as well as BMNH, London. Holotype
examined.
Armstrongium pondoense, Otte 2015. Transactions of the
American Entomological Society 141: 499-544. Map
3. Fig 33. Specimens. — KwaZulu Natal, Vernon
Crookes Reserve, 30 16 51.72S, 30 35 39.31E, 27
November 2014 (Otte and Thom). Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Eremidium vuscu Otte, new synonym. Type — Holotype
male, Natal, Umtentweni, 21 x 1963 (W. Furst) NCI-
72. (SANC).—Paratypes: Male, Natal, Untentweni,
21 x 1963 (W. Furst) NCI-78 — Male, Natal, S.
Coast, Uvongo, 6 xi 1961 (HD Brown) NCI-77 —
Male, female, Natal, S. Coast, Uvongo, 6 xi 1961
(HD Brown) NCI-80 — Female, Natal, S. Coast,
Uvongo, 6 xi 1961 (HD Brown) NCI-111 — Male,
Natal, Umtentweni, Feb 1961 (AL Capener) NCI-
79— Female, Eastern Cape, Port St John, 3 xii 1969
(AL Capener) NCI-94. —Female, Eastern Cape,
Pondoland, Bizana District, NCI-97.
EREMIDIUM (EREMIDIUM) Karsch
Eremidium KARSCH, 1896. Type species:
Eremidium equuleus KARSCH, 1896: 281, 9
preserved in Berlin Museum; Type locality:
Marburg, 30 45 S 30 24E [nr. Port Shepstone,
Kwa- Zulu-Natal Province], South Africa; leg. F.
Bachmann.
Included in this subgenus are the following speces:
E. (E.) laurelae, E. (E.) albaniense BROWN, E.
(E.) attenuatus DIRSH, E. (E.) curvicercus DIRSH,
E. (E.) dosi OTTE, E. (E.) equuleus KARSCH, E.
(E.) gaape OTTE, E. (E.) hunda OTTE, E. (E.)
kevusco OTTE, E. (E.) macmac OTTE, E. (E.) maius
RAMME, E. (E.) manicaensis BROWN, E. (E.)
obtusus DIRSH, E. (E.) ocho OTTE, E. (E.) samada
OTTE, E. (E.) sesta OTTE, E. (E.) sinka OTTE.
Eremidium (Eremidium) carinae new species
Figs 10, 11, 12
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAE2F88D-8009-4F7B-
B6BC-75691D33B86D
Type data — Holotype male: Locality 15-22.
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, on road to
Buccaneers Lodge, West Chintsa, 32 50 20.07S 28
06 12.46E, 6 November 2015 (D. Otte). Deposited in
the Academy of Natural Sciences.
Specimens — Holotype male, Paratypes: 6 males,
7 females (same data as for holotype).
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=6): body length 12-13; femur 3 length 6-7.
Females (n=7): body length 17.5-18.5, femur 3
length 8-8.5. Color: Male: Head: back of eye with
an upper pale band, a middle dark band and a lower
pale band. Pronotum: Dorsum: lateral carinae poorly
dened, mostly pale with ivory spur on metazona.
Lateral lobe mostly dark brown, with small irovy
spot at lower front corner, with and oblique ivory
band through middle third; this band coninues onto
epistrnum 2 (episternum 3 also with an oblique
pale band). Meso- and methathorax dark on sides
(except for oblique pale bands on epsternum 2 and
3) and ivory colored on dorsum. Abdomen ivory
on dorsum; sides with oblique black bands. Cerci
inwardly hooked. Legs 1 and 2 brown, speckled
with darker spots. Femur 3 with two dark bands on

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 309
medial area. Upper marginal area with three dark
bands; lower carinula with 3 black bands and two
ivory bands (some males indistinctly banded). Tibia
3 pale brown on posterior (spur side), dark brown
on anterior surface. Female: Side of pronotum: with
grey upper band, dark brown middle band, ivory
lower band and black lower marginal band. Venter
of thorax dark brown. Abdomen median ridge grey,
below that, on sides, are three dark bands, and two
pale bands. Femur 3 unbanded; pale through medial
area, darker on upper and lower marginal areas.
Other females colored like males (see males above).
Other females uniformly dark reddish brown.
Eremidium (Eremidium) laurelae new species
Figs 13, 14
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:05A57208-0938-41DC-
ACE5-91E16BF5F375
Type data — Holotype male: Locality 15-39.
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Stutterheim,
Kologha Forest Reserve, 32 32 17.65S 27 21 53.41E,
25 November 2015 (D. Otte). Type deposited in the
Academy of Natural Sciences.
Specimens — Holotype male, Paratypes: 4 males,
3 females (same data as for holotype).
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=4): body length 15-16.5; femur 3 length 8-9.
Females (n=3): body length 19-22, femur 3 length 10-
10.5. Color: Male: overall color grey or grey brown,
dorsum of body distinctly more male than sides.
Head with a dark band behind the eye. Pronotum
with very poorly dened lateral carinae. Lateral lobe
with an ivory band through the middle, black above
and below this band. Meso- and metathorax brown
on sides, black along top. Abdomen pale brown on
dorsum; sides with oblique black bands on rst six
segments. Legs 1 an 2 brown, with small dark spots.
Femur 3: median area with broad dark bands. Upper
marginal area unbanded. Lower carinula with three
black bands and two pale bands; inner face black.
Tibe 3 very dark. Female: body color light brown
with many small black spots (some females without
black spots; one female with a black oblique band on
the lateral lobe.
Eremidium (Eremidium) curvicercus Dirsh
Eremidium curvicercus Dirsh. 1956. Jour. ent. Soc. Sthn.
Africa 19:266. Type locality: Africa, Southern Africa,
Cape Province, Hog’s Back, mountains NE of Fort
Beaufort, S of Elandsberg. Location of type: BMNH,
London NH Mus.
Eremidium curvicercus, Otte 2015. Transactions of the
American Entomological Society. 141-499-544. Map
2. Figs. 1, 7, 19.
EREMIDIUM (SILVANIDIUM) (Brown)
new combination
Silvanidium Brown. 2012. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume
2: 56. Type species: Silvanidium armstrongi
Brown.
Eremidium (Silvanidium) armstrongi (Brown)
new combination
Silvanidium armstrongi Brown, Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 2:
59. Holotype male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal
Province, Hilton, Doreen Clark Nature Reserve. Type
preserved in type collection of NMSA. Type not
examined.
Silvanidium armstrongi, Otte 2015. Transactions of the
American Entomological Society. 141-499-544. Map
3. Fig 33.
EREMIDIUM (NATALIUM) (Brown)
new combination
Type species: Eremidium (Natalium) sambaba new species
This subgenus may be distinguished from other
subgenera by the shape of the subgenial plate, which
is elongate but does not end in a spine (See Figs 98
and 94).
Eremidium (Natalium) sambaba new species
Figs 96-99
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7D7C00FD-23CE-4509-
AB9E-F98E4A5A4AD3
Type data — Holotype male, Locality 15-
40. South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Province,

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
310
Untunjambili, Sambaba Forest, 28 56 03.01S 30 57
09.71E, 30 Nov 2015 (D. Otte). Type deposited in
Academy of Natural Sciences.
Specimens — Holotype male, 9 paratype males,
5 paratype females (all from type locality).—
KwaZulu-Natal, Sambaba Forest, Untunjambili, 28
56 3.38S 30 59 9.37E, 11 December 2016, D. Otte
& A. Armstrong LOC. 16-14
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=9): body length 14-16; femur 3 length 7.5-8.
Females (n=4): body length 21-22, femur 3 length
10. Color: Male: Overall color very dark, but with
pale dorsal band; legs green. Head blackish, with a
pale band behind the eyE. Pronotum: dorsum with
a median dark band and lateral pale bands; lateral
the middle; this band continuues onto episternum
2. Meso- and metathorax: dorsum with median
dark band and lateral pale bands; sides black except
for ivory band on episternum 2. Abdomen dorsum
mostly pale; sides blackish. Legs 1 and 2 greenish.
Femur 3 green; tibia 3 bright green. Females: Body
color uniform reddish brown, including legs. Some
females pale brown with small black spots. Some
females pale on dorsum, almost black on sides.
Eremidium (Natalium) margaretae (Brown)
new combination
Figs 80-95
Silvanidium margaretae Brown. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 2:
60. Holotype male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal,
Nkandla Forest Reserve, Type preserved in type
collection TMSA, Pretoria.
Eremidium nodena, Otte. NEW SYNONYM.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5A5C0D44-9F7A-449A-
B60E-5C70574288F2. Holotype male, Natal,
Dukuduku forest, 7 miles NE Mtubatuba, 10 xi 1969
(HD Brown) NCI-73. (SANC). Paratypes — Paratype
male, Natal, Dukuduku forest, St. Lucia, 16 ii 1971
(HD Brown and Koster) NCI-74—Female, Natal,
Dukuduku forest, February 1971 (HD Brown) NCI-
75—Female, Natal, Dukuduku forest, February 1971
(HD Brown) NCI-76. Map 1, 2. Figs. 2, 11, 22.
Specimens — Holotype male (see type data
above). 1 male AA42, 2 female examples. South
Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Forest Reserve, 28 53
50.35S 31 26 53.95E, EKZNW 477933, 1 December
2013 (L. Mockel) — Paratypes deposited in NMSA,
TMSA, DSMSA and BMNH, same data except
28°42’44”S 31°08’25”E, [elev. 11 36 m], 27.ix.2010
(leg. A. J. Armstrong & S. Louw) — Other specimens:
KwaZulu-Natal, Amatikulu Nature Reserve, 29 6
14.40S 31 35 40.09E, 20 December 2010, EKZNW
334062, swamp forest (A. J. Armstrong). Males
AA97, AA98, AA100, 2EX. Females 3 EX.—
KwaZulu-Natal, Blythdale Beach, Farm Blyth Dale
1380, 29 21 23.33S 31 21 17.39E, 1 November 2012,
EKZNW343739 (Armstrong et al.). Male AA17.
In herbaceous vegetation at forest edge; in thick
herbaceous vegetation along a former trail through
forest; in swamp forest; in forest undergrowth
near a stream.— KwaZulu- Natal, Dlinza Forest
Reserve, 28 53 50.35S 31 26 53.95E, EKZNW
477933, 1 December 2013 (L. Mockel). Male AA42.
Females 2EX.— KwaZulu- Natal, Entumeni Nature
Reserve, 28 3 11.18S 31 22 39.50E, 8 November
2012 (Armstrong and Sokhela) EKZNW343738.
Males AA104, AA105, AA11 4, 3 EX. Females
8 EX. Coast scarp forest, on leaf litter in forest
undergrowth.— KwaZulu-Natal, Entumeni Nature
Reserve, 28 53 6.94S 31 22 45.26E, 22 March 2012
(Armstrong and Sokhela). Male AA105. On forest
oor with Oplismenus hitellus and other undergrowth
vegetation.— KwaZulu- Natal, Entumeni Nature
Reserve, 28 52 33.53S 31 22 16.32E, 8 November
2012 (Armstrong and Sokhela) EKZNW 343732.
Male AA103. Females 1 EX. Coastal scarp forest, at
forest-grassland edge.— KwaZulu-Natal, Entumeni
Nature Reserve, Track to picnic site, 28 53 7.08S 31
22 44.22E, 22 March 2012 (Armstrong and Louw).
EKZNW 343089. Females 1 EX.— KwaZulu-
Natal, Entumeni Nature Reserve, Picnic sitE. 28 53
11.40S 31 23 39.68E, 22 March 2012 (Armstrong
and Louw).— KwaZulu-Natal, Ngoye Forest, 28 53
11.33S 31 22 39.76E. 14 February 2013, EKZNW
344285 (Armstrong and Gomez). Males: 1 EX.
Females 2 EX.— Ngoye Forest, 28 53 6.36S 31 22
47.93E, 13 February 2013 (Armstrong and Gomez).
EKZNW 344279.— Ngoye Forest, 28 53 11.33S
31 22 39.76E, 14 February 2013, EKZNW 344285
(Armstrong and Gomez). Male 1 EX. Female 1
EX.— Ngoye Forest, 28 53 11.76S 31 22 37.79E,
13 February 1013, EKZNW 344282 (Armstrong
and Gomez). Male AA11 3.— Ngoye Forest, 28
53 14.39S 31 22 40.84E, 12 March 2013, EKZNW

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 311
473474 (Armstrong and Gomez). Male 1 EX.—
Ngoye Forest, 28 53 11.72S 31 22 40.01E, 12 March
2013, EKZNW 473472 (Armstrong and Gomez) —
Ngoye Forest Reserve, 28 50 50.96S 31 44 7.55E, 24
November 2015 (Armstrong and Louw). EK 563471.
Males AA66, AA67, AA68.— Ngoye Forest Reserve,
28 50 55.39S 31 44 35.59E, 24 November 2015
(Armstrong and Louw) EK363468. Males AA72,
3 EX. Females AA69, 2 EX. Swamp forest, valley
bottomlands, on forbs on forest oor, undergrowth
included Scleria angusta sedges.— Ngoye Forest
Reserve, 28 50 54.74S 31 44 35.56E (Armstrong and
Louw). EK 503475. Males 4 EX. Females AA71,
5 EX.— Ngoye Forest Reserve, 28 50 46.70S 31
44 11.04E (Armstrong and Louw). Male AA74.—
Ngoye Forest Reserve, 28 43 23.99 / 31 7 37.02, 23
November 2015 (Armstrong and Louw) EK 563474.
Male EX.— Ngoye Forest Reserve, 28 50 50.82S 31
44 6.12E (Armstrong and Louw) EK 563466. Male
1 EX. Female 1 EX.— Ngoye Forest Reserve, 28 50
50.96S 31 44 7.55E. EK 563471.— KwaZulu- Natal,
iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, St. Lucia Park, 28
23 3.70S 32 24 32.72E, 4 February 2011, EKZNW
334049 (Armstrong and Bowman). Males AA80,
AA83, AA84. Females: 2 EX.— KwaZulu- Natal,
iSimangaliso World Heritage Site, Ozebeni Section,
Mgobezeleni catchment, 27 32 2.54S 32 38 40.45E,
3 March 2015 (Armstrong, Gomez and Nunes).
Males: AA81. Females: AA 85. Swamp forest, valley
bottomlands, Ficus tricopoda and other tree species,
many ferns and Smilax anceps next to stream.—
KwaZulu-Natal, iSimangaliso World Heritage Site,
Sodwana Bay Section., Mgobezeleni Catchment, 27
31 56.35S 32 40 14.63E, 4 March 2015 (Armstrong,
Gomez and Ntshanga). Males AA82. Female AA86.
Dune forest, hillside, multistory forest with tall
Isoglossa woodi.— KwaZulu- Natal, Nkandla Forest
Reserve, 28 44 42.94S 31 8 7.33E, 23 November 2015
(Armstrong and Louw) EK 563473. Male AA77;
Female AA78. In forest undergrowth on Cyperus
albostriatus and roots and leaf litter.— KwaZulu-
Natal, Nkandla Forest Reserve, 28 42 42.70S 31 8
25.04E, 27 October 2010 (Armstrong and Louw) EK
329174. Male AA89. Mistbelt Podocarpus forest in
Sphagnum moss in damp forest undergrowth with
dappled light.—KwaZulu-Natal, Dlinza Forest
Reserve, Eshowe, 28 54 43.61S 31 26 41.21E, 7
December 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-5.—
KwaZulu-Natal, Entumeni Forest Reserve, 28 53
1.73S 31 22 37.48E, 8 December 2016, D. Otte & A.
Armstrong, 16-6.— KwaZulu-Natal, Ngoye Forest
Reserve, 28 51 30.85S 31 41 24.66E, 9 December
2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-7.—KwaZulu-
Natal, Enseleni Nature Reserve, 28 41 46.67S 3159
44.74E, 10 December 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong,
16-8.— KwaZulu-Natal, Nkandla Forest Reserve, 28
44 30.93S 31 8 27.26E, 11 December 2016, D. Otte
& A. Armstrong, 16-13
Eremidium (Natalium) aculeatum (Brown)
new combination
Silvanidium aculeatum Brown. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 2:
61. Holotype male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal
Province, Ngome Forest ReservE. Type preserved
in the type collection TMSA.— KwaZulu-Natal
Province], Ngome State Forest, [~65 km; ESE
Vryheid]; 27 48S 31 25E, 18–22.i.1993 (leg. M. Kruger
& B. Dombrowsky), [elev. ~1200 m] – (ex TMSA
ignota coll.).— Holotype male and 18 paratypes are
deposited in TMSA.
Silvanidium aculeatum, Otte 2015. Transactions of the
American Entomological Society. 141-499-544. Map
3. Fig 33
EREMIDIUM (SILVANIDIELLA) Brown
new combination
Figs 73-79
Silvanidiella Brown. 2013. Type species: Silvanidiella
amazulu spec. nov. Annals of the Ditsong National
Museum of Natural History, Volume 3: 64.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) peninsulare (Brown) new
combination
Silvanidium peninsulare Brown. Holotype male, Annals
of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History,
Volume 3: 63.South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban,
Bluff Forest Reserve. Type preserved in the type
collection of TMSA. Type not examined.
Specimens — KwaZulu-Natal Province, [Durban]
Bluff Nature Reserve, 29 56 22S 30 59 39E [elev.
10 m a.s.l.], 13.xi.2001 (leg. A. J. Armstrong & H.
Murray); NCS ID no. 166852 [ex NMSA coll.].—
Paratypes deposited in NMSA, DMSA and BMNH.—
Other Specimens — KwaZulu-Natal, Durban area,
Bluff Nature Reserve, 29 56 20.46S 30 59 38.06E, 29

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
312
November 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-1.—
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban area, Kenneth Stainbank
Nature Reserve, 29 54 24.29S 30 56 52.02E, 29
November 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-2.—
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban area, North Park Nature
Reserve, 29 62 26.94S 30 52 56.13E, 29 November
2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-3.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) amazulu (Brown)
new combination
Figs 26a, 26b, 27, 28
Silvanidiella amazulu Brown. Holotype male, Annals of
the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History,
Volume 3: 65. South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal
Province, Nkandla Forest Reserve. Type preserved in
the type collection NMSA, Pietermaritzburg. Type not
examined.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) griqua (Brown)
new combination
Figs 25, 111
Silvanidiella griqua Brown. Holotype male, Annals of
the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History,
Volume 3: 69. South Africa, KwaZulu- Natal Province
[Griqualand East], Ntsekeni Wetland and Nature
ReservE. Type preserved in the NMSA type collection.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) umfolozi new species
Figs 53-56
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3BA2A889-EC31-
41CA-92C8-01FA3DE40976
Type data — Holotype male, South Africa,
KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Mbombe
Forest Complex, 28 3 49.32S 32 2 37.54E, 28
October 2013 (A. J. Armstrong) EKZNW 477919.
Type deposited in SANC, Pretoria
Specimens — Same locality as holotypE.
Paratypes: Males AA90, AA91, AA92, 2 EX.
Females 4 EX. All specimens in SANC, Pretoria
Measurements (mm) — Males (n=5): body length ca.
16; femur 3 length 6.5-7. Females (n=2): body length
20-22.5, femur 3 length 8-11
Description —. Color: Grey, brown, black
and ivory. Head brown with black behind eyE.
Pronoum: dorsum pale brown; lateral lobe with an
ivory band through middle, black in upper half;
brown below; ivory band extends onto episernum
2. Meso- and metathorax: dorsum pale; sides black
above, brown below, but episternum 2 with an ivory
band; episternum 3 not pale. Abdomen dorsum pale
brown; sides black. Legs 1 and 2 brown with darker
blotches. Femur 3 brown, with broad darker areas;
lower carinula with 3 black and 2 ivory bands. Tibia
3 pale brown, but becoming dark brown or black at
distal end. Female: uniform reddish brown with small
black spots; abdomen with a black patch on side of
rst tergite. Femur 3 pale brown, with scatterings of
black spots. Tibia 3 like male, Tarsi all black.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) gomezi new species
Figs 63, 64, 65
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B1EF037-4CDC-
45BD-934F-436C1F52AAF0
Type data — Holotype male: SOUTH AFRICA:
KwaZulu-Natal, Ngome Forest Reserve, 27 48
34.12S 31 26 41.21E, 5 December 2016, D. Otte &
A. Armstrong, 16-4. Type deposited in the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Measurements (mm) — Males: Body length 14-
16, femur-3 length 7-7.5. Females: BL 19-21; F3L
9-10.
Description — Males: Body color black, dark
brown and ivory. Dorsum of body ivory colored,
sometimes slightly darker along midline. Oblique
pale band of side of body extends from front of
lateral lobes onto episternum-2. Upper margin of
dark band on lateral lobes broken on metanotum.
Tibiae-1 and -2 green or brown. Femur-3 distinctly
banded with ivory and black. Abdomen black on
sides, some segments sometimes with a small pale
spot. Venter of abdomen orange. Subgenital plate
pointed.
Females: most females with a faint oblique band
on the lateral lobes. Overall color varies from pale
grey to dark brown. Femur-3 banded with broader
dark bands running obliquely from lower front to
higher rear. Side of abdomen with dakr patch at base;
sometimes this extens along the entire length of the
abdomen; some females with gree on the face and
tibiae-1.

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 313
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) louwi new species
Figs 66, 67, 68, 69
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ACA477A2-E905-
497D-AAC8-950DA9507DE9
Type data — Holotype male: SOUTH AFRICA:
KwaZulu-Natal, Qudeni Nature Reserve, 28 39
3.91S 30 54 0.96E, 11 December 2016, D. Otte &
A. Armstrong, 16-9. Type deposited in the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Measurements (mm) —Males: Body length 14-
16, femur-3 length 7-7.5. Females: BL 16-19; F3L
8-9.
Description — Males: Face dark, but pale in
some males. Dorsum of body with a wide pale
band; on the pronotum there may be a narrow
median darker band. Side of thorax: lateral lobe
with a broad ivory band desceniding from the front
to the posterior margin; this pale band extends
onto episternum 2. There is a narrower pale band
on episternum 3. Lateral lobe also with a small
pale spot at the lower anterior corner. Legs 1 and
2 green. Femur 3 brownish with several oblique
darker bands. Tibia 3 green. Side of abdomen black
in upper half and pale in lower half.
Females: Variable in body coor; body sometimes
very dark, with a grey face; sometimes mostly grey,
sometimes with an oblique stripe on the lateral
lobes barely indicated; sometimes body is reddish
brown with a narrow ivory band running along the
median ridge from front of head to end of abdomen;
sometimes with a wide ivory band which runds
from the side of the head backwards to the base of
femur-3; sometimes with distinct longitudinal band
running long the side of the body from the pronotum
to the end of the abdome; Hid femor variable, brom
barely banded to stongly banded with black and
white.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) velaphii new species
Figs 57-62
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D176CC3-1E32-
475A-8ED4-1237B8B85844
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Karkloof Nature Reserve, near Forest Lodge, 29 18
4.94S 30 13 39.57E, 25 November 2010 (Armstrong
and Muller). EK 329485. Type deposited in SANC,
Pretoria.
Specimens — Same data as holotype. All
deposited in SANC, Pretoria Paratype males: AA2,
4EX. Paratype females: AA8, AA9, 3EX. Habitat:
Mist belt mixed Podocarpus forest. In short thick
herbaceous undergrowth consisting of grasses,
sedges and broad-leafed forbe.—KwaZulu-Natal,
Kaarkloof Nature Reserve, 29 18 13.69S 30 13
38.75E, 15 December 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong,
16-12.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=5): body length 13-14.5; femur 3 length 7. Females
(n=5): body length 19.5-21, femur 3 length 9. Color:
Male: brown, black and ivory, green legs. Pronotum
dorsum: lateral carinae discontinuous, upper surface
paler along median carina; pale at lateral carinae.
Lateral lobe banded as follows: dark brown, black,
ivory, dark brown. Meso- and metathorax dorsum
lighter; sides black on top, brown below; episterna
2 and 3 palE. Abdomen dorsum pale; sides black
in upper half, reddish brown in lower half. Legs 1
and 2 green. Femur 3: medial area light and dark
slightly banded. Tibia 3 greenish. Females: Body
color variable: sometimes pale grey with numerous
dark spots. In another female lateral lobe with a
narrow black and narrow ivory band. Abdomen with
large black marks on 1st tergites. In another female
lateral lobe dark brown to black in upper half, ivory
in lower half. Abdomen dorsum reddish brown; sides
black, with ivory spots in black areas.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) jabulanii new species
Figs 38, 39, 40, 41a, 41b
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:128A2D12-C497-
479E-9560-9B808028F6CE
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Karkloof Nature Reserve, Melmoth Section, 29
17 4.42S 30 17 10.07E, 5 Nov 2012 (Armstrong,
Joubert, et al). EK 343733. Type deposited in SANC,
Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotype. All
deposited in SANC, Pretoria Paratype males: AA1,
AA3, 3EX. Paratype females: AA5 — KwaZulu-
Natal, Karkloof Nature Reserve. 29 17 54S 30 12
41E, 16 Jan 2001 (Armstrong and Ngwenya) NCS
166835. Paratype female: AA6.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
314
(n=4): body length 11 5-12; femur 3 length 6.
Females (n=2): body length 15-16, femur 3 length
8. Color: Males: grey, brown, black and ivory.
Pronotum: dorsum dark brown but ivory on lateral
carinae. Lateral carinae well-dened and continu ous.
Lateral lobe banding as follows: upper half black,
then narrow with a ivory band, then narrow dark
band, then pale rown. The two pale bands continue
backwards onto the episternum 2, epimentum 2 and
episternum 3. Meso- and metathorax: dark brown,
but ivory on lateral carinae; dark brown to black in
upper two thirds and ivory in lower third. Abdomen
dorsum lighter brown; sides mostly black, but each
black patch interrupted by two ivory spots. Legs
1 and 2 brown and green. Femur 3 reddish brown
in upper marginal area, greenish on medial area,
but black along upper margin. Tibia 3 pale green.
Females reddish brown. Lateral lobes dark brown
in upper half, with faint lighter band below that and
brown below that. Another female lateral lobe is dark
in upper half and brown in lower. Abdomen with
black and ivory oblique bands on each tergite; legs
brown.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) browni new species
Figs 32, 33, 34
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FDC5FD2-E632-
4F23-B10F-94D85E7D59BD
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Hilton, 53 Hillary Road, 29 33 33S 30 17 27E,
13 November 2003, EKZNW 219914, 334056
(Armstrong). Type deposited in SANC, Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotype. All
deposited in SANC, Pretoria Paratype males: AA22,
AA23. Paratype females: 3EX.— Locality 15-20.
South Africa, N of Howick Rd to Karkloof Falls,
picnic area, 29 24 19.96S 30 16 34.05E, 5 Nov 2015
(D. Otte).
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=2): body length 12-15; femur 3 length 6.5-7.
Female (n=1): body length 19, femur 3 length 8.
Color: Body color grey, brown, black and ivory.
Head with black and ivory behind eye. Pronotum:
dorsum darker grey along median carina, ivory
along lateral carinae. Lateral lobe with a broad ivory
band in middle; with black and bown bands above
that and a brown band below; ivory band etends onto
episternum 2. Meso- and metathorax: dorsum pale;
sides black above, brown below; episternum 2 with
a broad ivory band; episternum 3 also more pale.
Abdomen dorsum pale; sides black. Legs 1 and 2
brown, with small plack spots. Femur 3 brown, with
3 black and 2 ivory bands on lower carinula. Tibia
3 greenish, but dark along anterior suface. Female:
Dark reddish brown. First abdominal tergite black at
margin; sides with black. Legs 1 and 2 brown. Femur
3 very dark rown. Tibia 3 pale brown on posterior
face, black on anterior face. Another female is
uniformly orange brown. Another female is uniform
dark brown.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) mabengu new species
Figs 42-50
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC0CCD89-2EBD-
4107-B793-529C798AFAF9
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Mabengu Forest, 29 24 33.98S 31 19 2.57E, 1
November 2013 (Armstrong and Gomez). Type
deposited in SANC, Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotypes.
Paratype males: AA49, AA50, AA51, AA57, AA52,
AA54, AA55, AA56, AA53. Paratype females: 7EX.
EKZNW records: 47791, 477913, 506951, 477917.
Habitat: Coatal lowland forest, in undergrowth
including Oplismenus sp. seedlings and Smilax
anceps at forest edge. Also in lush Ficus tripoda
swamp forest, and grassland ecotone with ferms,
Asystasia gangetica and Senecio sp. —KwaZulu-
Natal, Mabengu Nature Reserve, 29 24 12.9S 31 19
13.98E, 12 December 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong,
16-10.—KwaZulu-Natal, Prince’s Grant Nature
Reserve, 29 20 52.17S 31 22 1.29E, 12 December
2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-11
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=10): body length 16-17.5; femur 3 length ca. 8.
Females (n=7): body length 22-23, femur 3 length
10.5-11. Color: Body dark brown, black and ivory.
Pronotum dorsum slighly more pale than lateral
lobe; lateral carinae distinct, uninterrupted and bent.
Lateral lobes banded as follows (top to bottom):
dark brown, black, ivory, dark brown; ivory band
extends onto episternum 2. Meso- and metathorax:
dorsum lighter brown; side dark, black at top, ivory
on episternum 2. Abdomen: dorsum pale brown;

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 315
with a median ridge and two low lateral carinae
on either side; sides black, turning reddish brown
ventrally. Legs 1 and 2 brown, beenish on tibiae.
Femur 3 reddish brown, unbanded. Tibia 3 greenish.
Females uniformly grey-brown; femur 3 unbanded.
Tibia 3 greenish. Another female dark reddish brown
with faint horizontal bands on lateral lobe. Another
female grey brown with a black horizontal band on
lateral lobes and a scattering of black marks on the
side of the abdomen.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) amazulu (Brown)
Figs 26a, 26b, 27, 28
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Blinkwater Nature Reserve, 29 14 25.22S 30 27
35.21E, 18 November 2013 (Armstrong, Gomez and
Mthembu). EK 477927. Type deposited in SANC,
Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotype. Paratype
males: AA12, AA11, 7EX. Paratype females: 2EX.
Habitat: grassland, hillside, short rocky grassland
with many forbs.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=8): body length 12-12.5; femur 3 length 6-7.
Females (n=2): body length 18-19, femur 3 length
8-10. Color: Males: Pale brown, black and ivory.
Dorsum of head and pronotum with a dark medial
band and light brown lateral bands. Lateral lobes
banded as follows (top to bottom): black in upper
half, narrow ivory band, light brown in ventral third.
Meso- and metathorax: dorsum light brown; side
black; lighter on episterna 2 and 3. Legs 1 and 2
greenish; femur 3 pale brown. Tibia greenish. Female
dark uniform brown; femur 3 banded with black.
Tibia 3 lighter brown in proximal half, blackish
in distal half. Another female is lighter brown and
shows faint horizonal band on the lateral lobe.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) blythense new species
Figs 29, 30, 31
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1265F6B2-E1E1-4CC2-
A8CC-3C663318BBD6
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-
Natal, Blythdale Beach, Farm Blyth Dale 1380,
29 21 23.33S 31 21 17.39E, 1 November 2012,
EKZNW343739 (Armstrong et al.). Type deposited
in SANC, Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotype. Paratype
males AA16, AA17, AA21, 2EX. Paratype females:
4EX. Habitats: in herbaceous vegetation at forest
edge; in thick herbaceous vegetation along a former
trail through forest, in swamp forest, in forest
undergrowth near a stream.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=3): body length 15-15.5; femur 3 length 8. Females
(n=5): body length 22-22.5, femur 3 length 10-11.
Color: Males: grey, brown and ivory. Head with a
black band behind eyes. Pronotum: dorsum: dark
brown along median ridge; pale along lateral ridges.
Lateral lobe distinctly banded: broad dark band
above; narrow ivory in middle; pale brown below;
ivory band extends onto episternum 2. Mesoand
metathorax: dorsum lighter; sides dreyish, with an
ivory band on episternum 2. Abdomen: dorum pale;
sides black. Tibia 1 and 2 greenish. Femur 3 grey-
green, unbanded; lower carinula with three small
black bands. Tibia 3 green. Females: Uniformly
reddish brown; some females also with small black
spots; in one female the front half of femur 3 is pale
and the distal half dark brown. Leg 1 and 2 not green.
In one female he median crest is pale throughout the
length of the body, and black on either side of the
fedian cariana; also, this female is pale brown with
lots of ack spots on the body and legs.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) didima new species
Figs 35, 36a, 36b, 37
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7CEBDF0A-73CE-
46CC-A2E0-D09E3F5156B6
Type data — Holotype male, Locality 15-41.
KwaZulu-Natal Province, Cathedral Peak Area,
summit of Inner Horn, 28 56 40.24S 29 07 49.06E, 2
Dec 2015 (D. Otte). Type deposited in the Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=7): body length 10-11 ; femur 3 length 5.5-6.
Females (n=6): body length ca 15, femur 3 length
7-7.5. Color: Males: Overall color is grey and brown.
Pronotum: dorsum dark along median carina, ivory-
colored along lateral ridges. Lateral lobe: dark in
dorsal half; with a prominent oblique band in the
middle, dark below; pale band extends onto the
episternum 2. Meso- and metathorax: sides dark, but

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
316
episternum 2 and 3 with oblique ivory bands; dark
above; dorsum dark along midline, ivory laterally.
Abdomen: dursum orwn along midline, ivory
laterally; sides black. Les 1 and 2 brown, speckled.
Femur 3 brown with 3 dark areas on medial area
(these coalesce); lower carinula with 3 black band
and two ivor bands eparating them. Tibia 3 grey, with
a black ring at proximal end. Females: Grey grown.
Dorsum of body ligher than sides; lateral lobe with
a lighter oblique band (not distinct as in males). In
some females this band is absent. In some females
the lower half of the lateral lobe is pale and the upper
half dark. Episternum 2 and 3 not clearly more pale
(as in males). Abdomen: dorsum pale grey-brown;
sides with oblique black bands on each segment.
Eremidium (Silvanidiella) richmondi new species
Figs 51, 52
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:830D37B7-31D3-
43B6-876E-D05C1455BFA0
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-
Natal, Richmond MD, Nkawini Mountain, Farm
Riverbank 15862, 29 53 8.99 S 30 5 21E, 8 October
2006 (Armstrong et al.). Type deposited in SANC,
Pretoria.
Specimens — Same locality as holotype.
Deposited in SANC, Pretoria. Paratype male AA36.
Habitat: short, recently burnt grassland with many
forbs.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=1): body length 14; femur 3 length 7. Color: Male:
Body color very dark, ligher on dorsum. Pronotum:
dorsum: with continuous lateral ridges and mals
small carinulae between median and lateral ridges.
Latera ridge pale at anterior and posterior ends.
Lateral lobe: with a prominent ivory band in middle;
upper half black, lower third dark brown; ivory band
extends onto episternum 2. Meso- and metathorax:
dorsum: lighter than sides; with two lateral ridges on
each side; side black, but with distinct oblique ivory
bands on episternum 2 and 3. Absomen: dorsum:
pale with a prominent median ridge and two lateral
ridges on each side; side black. Legs 1 and 2 brown;
femur 2 very dark on posterior face. Femur 3 very
dark, with some pale areas; upper marginal area also
dark. Tibia 3 brown.
EREMIDIUM (PONDOIDIUM) Brown
new combination
Pondoidium Brown. 2013. Annals of the Ditsong National
Museum of Natural History, Volume 3: 73. Type
species: Pondoidium trilineatum Brown.
Eremidium (Pondoidium) trilineatum (Brown)
new combination
Figs 25, 112
Pondoidium trilineatum Brown. Annals of the Ditsong
National Museum of Natural History, Volume 3:
73. Holotype male, Annals of the Ditsong National
Museum of Natural History, Volume 3: 73. South
Africa. Kwa- Zulu-Natal Province, Henderson’s
Forest, Armidale [Armadale Farm No. 7911 ], nr
Sunwich Port, 30°39’39”S 30°30’19”E [elev. 90 m],
04.xi.2001 (leg A. [J.] Armstrong & H. Murray),Type
preserved in type collection of NMSA.
Specimens — Armadale Farm No. 7911, nr
Melville 30°39’40”S 30°30’20”E [elev.~80 m],
09.xi.2011 (leg. A. J. Armstrong & J. Tarrant);
EKZNW sp. no. 338564; labelled: ‘coastal hillside,
east-facing grassy slope next to forest’.
Eremidium (Pondoidium) curriense new species
Figs 15, 16
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2459B749-5EC4-
4E3A-98CF-850B3DAAF8BF
Type data — Holotype male, KwaZulu-Natal,
Mount Currie Nature Reserve, 30 29 18S 29 25
26E, 21 October (Armstrong). NCSW 168145. Type
deposited in SANC, Pretoria.
Specimens — Male: AA37. Females: 3EX.
Habitat: Wooded grassland, hillside.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=1): body length 13; femur 3 length 6. Females
(n=3): body length 17-19, femur 3 length 8.5-
8.5. Color: Males: Dark brown, black and ivory.
Pronotum sorsm slightly more pale that lateral lobe,
which are banded as follows (top to bottom) dark
brown to black, in upper hald, ivory in lower half,
ventral marking black; ivory band extends onto
episternum 2, epimentum 2, and episternum 3. Meso
and metamahorax: dorusm ligher than sides; sides
dark in upper half, ivory on episternum 2, epimentum

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 317
2 and episernum 3; black between episternum 3 and
epimentum 3; dorsum with a median carina and two
lateral carinae on each side. Abdomen ligher brown
on dorsum; with ridges similar to thorax; sides black.
Legs 1 and 2 brown with dark spots. Femur 3 light
brown, unbanded. Tibia 3 pale brown. Females dark
brown. Lateral lobe with a large black marking
bisected by a narrow ivory band; abdomen with dark
oblique markings on the sides of tergites 2-5. Femur
with two darker bands on upper marginal area. Lower
carinula with 3 black bands. Another female with
lateral lobe banded as follows: dark brown, black,
ivory, black, light brown.
Eremidium (Pondoidium) kloofense new species
Figs 20, 21, 22
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:45D5F831-55BB-
4438-9554-8FB2C00626FD
Type data — Holotype male, AA-4. KwaZulu-
Natal, Kaarkloof Nature Reserve, 29 18 4S 30 12
28E, 5 October 2001 (Armstrong) NCS 168151.
Type deposited in SANC, Pretoria.
Specimens.—SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal,
Kaarkloof Nature Reserve, 29 18 13.69S 30 13
38.75E, 15 December 2016, D. Otte & A. Armstrong,
16-12
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=5): body length 10.5-11 ; femur 3 length 6.5-7.
Females (n=4): body length 17-19, femur 3 length
9-9.5. Color: Body color brown and black. Pronotum
with many small ridges; dorsum light brown; lateral
ridges discontinuous. Lateral lobes with a distinct
ivory band in middle and a small ivory band at the
lower front corner; black above and below the ivory
band. Meso- and metathorax: dorsum pale brown
with two lateral ridges lateral to median ridge; side
dark brown to black but episternum 1 and 2 palE.
Abdomen: dorsum pale; sides black; but each tergite
with an ivory tubercle near the top. Legs 1 and 2
brown with dark markings. Femur 3 pale, somewhat
orange. Tibia 3 pale brown to orange. Females: Dark
reddish brown. Pronotum lateral lobe with an black
area or band in the center. Abdomen with black
marking at the posterior margin of the median ridge;
side of rst four tergites black on sides. Femur 3
brown withdark maculations. Tibia 3 orange brown.
Another female black at posteiror central margin
of pronotum and lateral lobe with a faint pale band
below a black band. Another female is pale reddish
brown without dark markings. Another female has a
dark markings on tergite 1 on the side.
Eremidium (Pondoidium) umtata new species
Figs 23, 24
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:345E2291-D277-43CD-
BABF-B5759BD6BE35
Type data — Holotype Male: Locality 15-21.
South Africa, Eastern Cape Province, Forest NW
of Mthatha (Umtata), 31 28 17.44S 28 36 31E, 5
November 2015 (D. Otte). Type deposited Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Specimens — Holotype male, Paratypes: 4
males, 1 female, Eastern Cape Province, Forest
NW of Mthatha (Umtata), 31 28 17.44S 28 36 31E,
5 November 2015 (D. Otte). Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=5): body length 12-15; femur 3 length 6.5-7.
Female (n=1): body length 19, femur 3 length 8.
Color: Males: overall color is brown with lighter
and dark bands. Head with a dark band posterior to
the eyes. Pronotum: lateral lobe banded: with a pale
ivory band sloping downwards, through the middle
and bordered by an upper and lower narrow black
band. The pale band continues onto the mesonotum
(on episternum 2). Dorsum of pronotum with lateral
carinae divided into an anterior ridge and a posterior
ridge. Episternum 1 and 2 both with oblique pale
bands. Dorsum of meso and metasternum bordered by
a black band. Dorsum of thorax and abdomen darker
than lateral faces, pale along the lateral margins.
Abdomen: most of lateral face black. Legs 1 and 2
brown with black speckles (these are more faint in
some males). Inner face of femur 2 black. Femur 3:
medial area with two large black patches (see gs),
sometimes these are more faintly indicated. Lower
carinula with three black bands separated by two
ivory bands. Tibia 3: pale brown, turning dark brown
at apical end. Females: The only female is almost
uniformly reddish brown with small dark speckles.
(It is expected that females will be polymorphic as
in other Eremidiumspecies). Femur 3 with three dark
areas along the lower carinula.

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
318
Eremidium (Pondoidium) vernoncrookesi
new combination
Eremidium vernoncrookesi Otte. 2015. Trans. Amer.
Entomol. Soc. 141(3):505. Holotype male, Academy
of Natural Sciences. KwaZulu Natal, Vernon Crookes
Reserve, 30 16 51.72S, 30 35 39.31E, 27, November
2014 (Otte and Thom). Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia. Map 2. Figs. 3, 15, 23, 26, 28.
Specimens — 4 males, 3 females. KwaZulu-
Natal, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, 30 16 29.24
/ 30 36 32.80, 22 November 2013 (Armstrong and
Gomez) EK 477922.
Eremidium (Pondoidium) kambati new species
Figs 17, 18, 19
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:39A786AA-1A84-
4EBD-A5F9-0F2F0D09468C
Type data — Holotype male, Eastern Cape,
8- 14, Mkambati Game Reserve, 11 March 2008
(Otte, Cowper and Spearman). Type deposited in the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Description — Measurements (mm). Males
(n=5): body length 12.5-13; femur 3 length CA. 7.5.
Females (none). Color: Males: Dark brown, black,
ivory and green. Pronotum dorsum slighly lighter
than side, lateral carinae indistinc to absent. Lateral
lobe banded as follows (top to bottom): dark brown
to black in upper half, ivory, dark brown to black;
pale band extends onto episternum 2 but is also
visible on episternum 3. Meso- and Metathorax ivory
on dorsum, black on sides. Abdomen dorsum ivory;
sides black, turning reddish brown towards venter.
Legs 1 and 2 greenish. Femur 3 green, unbanded.
Tibia 3 green.
ZULUTETTIX new genus
Figures 102-110
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2C16736-2B7D-
48C5-B9FC-B45106F2F5A5
Type species — Zulutettix unicornis new species.
Description of genus — Body length of males 15-
24 mm. Body length of females 25-30 mm. Frons of
head extending well beyond the eyes. Fastigium long
and narrow, concave, extenting well beyond front of
eyes. Frontal ridge forming a single narrow carina
above level of antenna; divided into two carinae
below antenna. Male genitalia: aedeagus very long.
Males green and black with a broad median dorsal
band. Legs green. Females may be either mostly
green or mostly brown. Dorsal eld in females with
a triangular horizonal area in anterior half, but tent
shaped in posterior half.
Zulutettix unicornis new species
Figs 102, 103, 104, 105
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E58B3CBC-AC78-
4603-A65B-41953602C4FB
Type data — Holotype male, AA-14. South
Africa. KwaZulu-Natal. Nkandla Forest Reserve.
28 43 47.78S 31 8 36.96E. WGS84 Datum. 1028
m. 23 November 2015. Armstrong, AJ and Louw
SL. EKZNW Record ID: 563472. Type deposited
in SANC, Pretoria. Coast scarp forest, hillside; in
thik forest undergrowth along a track on a hillside.
Paratype female: same data except: 28 43 48.76S
31 8 37.68E, 1021m; EKZNW Record ID: 563469.
Paratype male, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal,
Entumeni Forest Reserve, Ngoje Forest, 28 53
11.76S 31 22 39.79E, WGS84 Datum, 680 m, 13
February 2013, Armstrong AJ, Gomez A, EKZNW
RECORD ID 344278. Coast scarp forest, ride. In
forest undergrowth consisting of seedlings, sedge,
Oplismenus hirellus, ferns, etc. Paratype female,
AA-15. South Africa, KwaZulu- Natal, Hluhluwe
Game Reserve, 28 4 16.73S 32 2 16.33 E, 449 m.
WGS84 Datum, 6 March 2007, Armstrong AJ and
Louw S, EKZNW Record ID: 330072. Coast scarp
forest in leaf litter.
Description — Measurements (mm): Males
(n=2): body length 18-24; femur 3 length 10-11.
Females (n=2): body length 28-30, femur 3 length
13-14.5. Color: Males: Body color black, dark
green and ivory. Head: fastigium long and narrow,
concave, extenting well beyond front of eyes. Frontal
ridge forming a single narrow carina above level of
antenna; divided into two carinae below antenna.
Head mostly black. Pronotum dorsum without any
carinae, ivory in median tird, black laterally. Lateral
lobes black, but with two nearly trangular ivory
bands in middle, one at anteror margin and one at
posterior margin. Meso- and metathorax dorsum

OTTE & ARMSTRONG 319
with a broad median ivory band, black laterally;
sides black but much lighter on episternum 2 and
3 and epimentum 2 and 3. Abdomen dorsum with a
broad ivory band running its lenth; side black. Legs
1 and 2 green. Femur 3 dark green, unbanded. Tibia 3
green. Females almost iniformly dark reddish brown.
Pronotum lateral lobe with oblique narrow black and
ivory bands in middle. Abdomen with black marks
at junction of tergites 1 and 2. Legs 1 and 2 reddish
brown, with dark speckles. Femur 3 similar. Another
female dark reddish brown, but top of head more
pale. Pronotum dorsum with a large triangle of pale
color narrowing posteriorly. Lateral lobe black, but
with 3 pale marks in a row in central part. Meso- and
metathorack dark reddisn brown. Abdomen lighter
red-brown on dorsum, black on sides. Legs 1 and 2
dark, tarsi green. Femure 3 dark green. Tibia 3 green.
Zulutettix entumeni new species
Figs 102, 107
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E784C4F3-4EFF-4430-
ABC9-1E2028003123
Type data — Holotype male. South Africa.
KwaZulu-Natal. Entumeni Nature Reserve. Ngoje
Forest. 28 53 11.76S 31 22 3.79E. WGS84 Datum,
13 February 2013. Armstrong and Gomez. Type
deposited in SANC, Pretoria. Coast scarp forest. In
forest undergrowth consisting of seedlings, sedges,
Oplismenus hirtellus, ferns, etc. Deposited in
Dipsong Museum, Pretoria.
Description — Measurements (mm): Male: Body
length 18, femur-3 length 10.5. Color: Male. Body
color mostly green but with black, ivory and yellow
bands. Dorsum of body wit a pale median band. Side
of body dark above, greenish below. Lateral lobe with
a bright yellow band sloping downwards caudally.
Meso- and metathorax sides, greenish, nearly black
dorsally, becoming almost ivory at the bases of legs
2 and 3. Legs green. Inner face of femur-3 black
basally. Tibiae all green.
Zulutettix hluhluwe new species
Fig. 106
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7FED2D68-B76A-
458F-AACA-97DBF4ECB9CD
Type data — Holotype female. South Africa,
KwaZulu-Natal, Hluhluwe Game Reverve, 28 4
16.73S 32 2 16.33E, 6 March 2007, Armstrong and
Louw, EKZNW Record ID: 330072, coastal scarp
forest, in leaf litter. Deposited in Dipsong Museum,
Pretoria.
Description — Measurements (mm): Body length
27. Femur-3 length 13. Color: Female: Body color
almost uniformly brown, but lateral lobe with a
narrow yellow-brown band sloping downwards,
and bordered by black coloration. First abdominal
segment with a large black spot half way down, and
yellowish below that. Legs brown; femur-3 very
faintly banded with darker color; tibia-3 yellowish.
Zulutettix tarranti new species
Figs 108-110
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:383754BA-E5B6-
4A47-B3DD-45DF31A2B7FF
Type data — Holotype male. OA-32. South
Africa. KwaZulu-Natal, Ngome Forest Reserve,
27 48 34.12S 31 26 41.21E, 5 December 2016, D.
Otte & A. Armstrong, 16-4. Type deposited in the
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
Description — Measurements (mm): Male: Body
length 17, femur-3 length 11. Females: Body length
23-27 Genitalia with long and narrow aedeagus.
Color.—Male. Body mostly green, but dorsum
with a pale slightly rosy median band which runs
the entire length of the body. Head green, darker
dorsally posterior to eyes. Pronotum: dorsum with a
broad rosy median band. Lateral lobes green in upper
half. Lower half with a broad yellow band which
slopes from front to back (more ivory than yellow
in some males). Lower margin with a narrow rosy
band. Mesothorax: lower side rosy on episternum 2
and epipentum 2. Metathorax: rosy band on dorsum.
Upper sides green to brown; with broad rosy bands
on episternum 3 and epimentum 3. Abdomen:
dorsum rosy, sides blackish. Legs green. Females:
body mostly brown, varying from yellow-brown to
reddish brown. Sides of abdomen may show a row
of small pale markings. Head and pronotum with

ErEmidium & ZulutEttix
320
a narrow pale band extending from the back of the
eye onto the pronotum. Lateral lobes with a narrow
pale streak bordered by black sloping downwards
from from to back. Legs-1 and -2 brown. Femur-3
with indistinct dark bands, inner face black. Tibia-3
brown, but may show some greenish color.
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