Chapter

Lighting, Camera, and Material Effects in SceneKit

May 2017

In book: Beginning Swift Games Development for iOS (pp.157-166)

Authors:

In this chapter, you will explore the camera and different views from the camera. You’ll also learn about how the lighting of a scene works and the different type of lights that are available in SceneKit. Along with the lighting, you’ll learn about how the object’s material plays an important role in how the object is lit up and displayed to your user.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Diary of Bathsheba W. Bigler Smith

January 1970

Diary describing Bathsheba Smith's journey to Utah in 1849 accompanying her husband, George Albert Smith. The diary also includes passages written in 1873 describing daily events in Utah. Scanned with a Leica S1 Pro digital scanning camera, using a Hasselblad 120mm Makro-Planar f/4 lens. Exposure was at f/11 with a blue filter. Lighting provided by Kaiser Softlite ProVision 6x55W fluorescent ... [Show full abstract] 5400K daylight lights. Files saved as uncompressed TIFF at 3500x 5117 pixels and converted to 800 x 1200 pixel JPEG images for Web presentation.

Article

A Line Based HDR Sensor Simulator for Motion Artifact Prediction

February 2013 · Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Donald Baxter

Modeling only a HDR's camera's lens blur, noise and sensitivity is not sufficient to predict image quality. For a fuller prediction, motion blur/artifacts must be included. Automotive applications are particularly challenging for HDR motion artifacts. This paper extends a classic camera noise model to simulate motion artifacts. The motivation is to predict, visualize and evaluate the ... [Show full abstract] motion/lighting flicker artifacts for different image sensor readout architectures. The proposed motion artifact HDR simulator has 3 main components; a dynamic image source, a simple lens model and a line based image sensor model. The line based nature of image sensor provides an accurate simulation of how different readout strategies sample movement or flickering lights in a given scene. Two simulation studies illustrating the model's performance are presented. The first simulation compares the motion artifacts of frame sequential and line interleaved HDR readout while the second study compares the motion blur of an 8MP 1.4μm, 5MP 1.75μm and 3MP 2.2μm image sensors under the same illumination level. Good alignment is obtained between the expected and simulated results.

Article

Plant Security Lighting.

February 1985

The number and variety of objects that have to be protected nowadays has risen considerably in the last few years. The requirements with respect to plant security have also increased. The lighting plays an important role in this matter. It is shown that the plant security lighting does not have a standard character. Each lighting task has its plant-specific solution. In order to be able to ... [Show full abstract] implement an effective plant protection lighting arrangement, a high degree of lighting engineering knowledge and extensive design experience are required. The arrangement of security fences and lights, lights for direct observation and TV monitoring, as well as types of lamps available, are discussed.

Article

HELLA says lighting to play major role in auto interior design

July 2012

N. Palmen

Article

Full-text available

Fluorescent Light Versus Daylight

August 1950 · Journal of Applied Psychology

The American Optical Company's "Sight-screener" was used to measure the effects of two hours of continuous reading under daylight as compared with two hours of continuous reading under fluorescent lights. It was found that fluorescent light of 20 foot-candles intensity is not inferior to daylight of the same intensity for reading 8 point type material.

View full-text

Article

Lights up: for Teatr.doc, Russia’s most controversial theatre company, the show must go on

March 2015

Molly Flynn

Documentary theatre company Teatr.doc has been lauded internationally for its hard-hitting plays about contemporary Russia. Having been evicted from its previous venue in December, it celebrated its 13th anniversary last month by opening its doors once again

Chapter

Lighting

November 2014

Wayne J. Del Pico

This chapter contains descriptions of seven different types of electrical lighting, fixtures, and fixture whips. In addition to the description, each component section includes guidelines on units of measure, material and labor requirements, and a general takeoff procedure. Labor-hour guidelines are suggested for the installation of various types of lighting. Where applicable, cost modification ... [Show full abstract] factors–for economy of scale or difficult working conditions–are suggested. The different types of electrical lighting are: interior lighting fixtures, exit and emergency lighting, exterior fixtures, lamps, track lighting, and fixture whips. Fixture styles for interior building lighting can be either surface mounted or recessed in a wall or ceiling. Exit lights are available with mounting arrangements for walls or ceilings and with or without a directional arrow. Track lighting fixtures are manufactured in a wide range of styles and finishes.

Article

Full-text available

Nighttime Visibility Analysis and Estimation Method in the Presence of Dense Fog

February 2015 · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

Compared with daytime, a larger proportion of road accidents happens during nighttime. The altered visibility for drivers partially explains this situation. It becomes worse when dense fog is present. In this paper, we first define a standard night visibility index, which allows specifying the type of fog that an advanced driver assistance system should recognize. A methodology to detect the ... [Show full abstract] presence of night fog and characterize its density in images grabbed by an in-vehicle camera is then proposed. The detection method relies on the visual effects of night fog. A first approach evaluates the presence of fog around a vehicle due to the detection of the backscattered veil created by the headlamps. In this aim, a correlation index is computed between the current image and a reference image where the fog density is known. It works when the vehicle is alone on a highway without external light sources. A second approach evaluates the presence of fog due to the detection of halos around light sources ahead of the vehicle. It works with oncoming traffic and public lighting. Both approaches are illustrated with actual images of fog. Their complementarity makes it possible to envision a complete night-fog detection system. If fog is detected, its characterization is achieved by fitting the different correlation indexes with an empirical model. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method. The main applications for such a system are, for instance, automation or adaptation of vehicle lights, contextual speed computation, and reliability improvement for camera-based systems.

View full-text

Article

Full-text available

Trial Production of a Lighting System for Color Image Measurement and Its Application

June 1999 · IEEJ Transactions on Electronics Information and Systems

A lighting system is proposed for measuring color images under a variety of illumination. This system is constructed with halogen lamps, color filters, white diffusion filters, dimmers, and a personal computer as a controller. Colored light with continuous spectral power distribution is produced based on the additive color mixture of RGB primary lights. First, we describe the method for producing ... [Show full abstract] light with a target color stimulus. The basic procedure is performed in two steps of (1) a XYZ-RGB color coordinate conversion and (2) correction of nonlinearity, A practical procedure is presented for easily producing the colored light with any chromaticity coordinates (x, y) specified within the color gamut. We show a method of improving low luminance of the blue region corresponding to high color temperature. Next, the performance of the proposed lighting system is investigated. The accuracy of the colored light is examined on a color difference, and the performance is compared with that of an incandescent lighting system. The goodness is confirmed on the accuracy and the color gamut. Finally, we describe an application of the lighting system to computer vision. The illuminant-spectral distribution and surface-spectral reflectances are estimated from the image data photographed by a multi-band camera.

View full-text

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Demonstration abstract: How many lights do you see?

April 2014

We demonstrate a Visual Light Communication (VLC) system that enables LED lighting luminaires to communicate with cameras on mobile devices. Each LED pulses at a frequency above the humanly perceivable flicker threshold where cameras and photodiodes can still detect changes in light intensity. Our modulation scheme supports multiple light sources in a single collision domain, and works for both, ... [Show full abstract] line-of-sight (LOS) operation as well as from reflected surfaces like those found in architectural lighting. The spatial confinement of light makes this system ideal for use as localization landmarks. Our demonstration includes four LED ambient lights acting as location landmarks transmitting modulated data. A mobile device receiving and processing the signal displays the ID and RSSI of the closest landmark. Interacting with the system will allow users to see the practical effects of multiple-access, frequency of operation, distance from the lights, camera parameters and camera motion.

View full-text

Article

A study on the true color restoration perceived by eyes of color object surfaces under non-white ill...

January 2010

Color of an object surface is a constant property of the object. With non-white illumination, however, the perceived color of an object is affected by the color of the illuminant itself and so it is necessary for us to consider the true color of object surfaces perceived by vision system instead of the reflected color of such. This paper presents an approach capable of obtaining the true color ... [Show full abstract] images of objects recorded under the color light sources. Two special matrixes used to convert the RGB color values captured directly by a camera into the desired objectively RGB values are provided. Moreover, a model based on Edwin Land theory which can explain successfully color constancy of the eyes is realized. Ten color images with different contents for experiments are photographed using a 12-bit digital camera, under separately the red, green, blue and yellow color lights, with a full control of lightings in the laboratory. These forty color images captured are also converted using respectively the proposed method and model. Research results indicate that colors of images obtained from the former are similar to those from the latter. The true colors of objects recorded under color lights are restored successfully, which are almost identical with colors recorded under the white lights. The feasibility of this conversion with better potential of applications in many areas such as color recognition, color reproduction, packaging and printing etc. is demonstrated successfully by experiments.

Conference Paper

An Approach for Utility Pole Recognition in Real Conditions

October 2013 · Lecture Notes in Computer Science

In this work, we propose an approach for utility pole recognition in real conditions based on color, shape and photometric stereo vision, by using conventional low cost cameras. This subsystem is part of an automatic path planning system for a maintenance robot, which repairs the cable connections in electrical poles. This method could be used in applications requiring object recognition in ... [Show full abstract] outdoor environments. The challenges facing this approach include extreme solar illumination, the confusion between telephone poles, cable TV, in columns of buildings, trees, street lights, and tilt between the groundand the pole. The experiments of this recognition system shows satisfactory results under different solar illuminations, different distances between the post and the cameras, different inclinations of pole with respect to the ground, occlusions of the pole and location of the utility pole from cameras system. Results were totally satisfactory with 100% effectiveness in a range of 5% to 95% with respect to the H component of the HSV scheme. The proposed method recognizes and locates utility poles with respect to the stereo vision system.

Lighting, Camera, and Material Effects in SceneKit

Abstract

No full-text available

Recommended publications

Diary of Bathsheba W. Bigler Smith

A Line Based HDR Sensor Simulator for Motion Artifact Prediction

Plant Security Lighting.

HELLA says lighting to play major role in auto interior design

Fluorescent Light Versus Daylight

Lights up: for Teatr.doc, Russia’s most controversial theatre company, the show must go on

Lighting

Nighttime Visibility Analysis and Estimation Method in the Presence of Dense Fog

Trial Production of a Lighting System for Color Image Measurement and Its Application

Demonstration abstract: How many lights do you see?

A study on the true color restoration perceived by eyes of color object surfaces under non-white ill...

An Approach for Utility Pole Recognition in Real Conditions