Chapter

Cables

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Abstract

In this chapter different types of power cables used in electric power industry are considered from utility, construction operation, and evaluation of performance point of view. High-tension cables, low-tension cables, H-type cables, SL cables, HSL cables, and EHV cables are mentioned. With cross-sectional sketches the constructional features are shown, which highlight the different types of insulation utilized. Electrostatic stress and the gradual reduction in the potential gradient from conductor surface to outer sheath is analyzed. Intersheath grading and capacitance grading to achieve economy (reduction in cable size) are explained with analytical treatment. Determination of capacitance of cables is described. Thermal resistance and power factor of cables are discussed. Cable breakdown is mentioned. Thermal phenomenon in cables and sheath losses are discussed. Thermal resistance is defined and cable rating is explained.

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Chapter
The study focuses on detection of defects in the single-core electrical wire insulation by changing the linear capacity of the electric wire. Numerical simulation was performed to create defects that are difficult to implement in practice. In the study, models of the following defects were created: local thinning of the wire insulation, eccentricity, foreign inclusion in the wire insulation. During the study, the depth and length of the ‘local thinning’ defect in the wire insulation, the shift of the core center relative to wire the center, length and thickness of the ‘foreign inclusion’ defect were varied. As a result, absolute and relative values of the geometric dimensions of the defects that cause a significant change in the wire capacitance are revealed. A significant deviation of the capacitance is taken at the level of 5% deviation from the nominal value of the capacitance of a defect-free wire in accordance with the requirements of normative and technical documentation and the accuracy of device for in-process testing of the wire capacitance. The paper reports the results of the initial study. Further research is required to increase the reliability of the models used.
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