Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications In Education
Abstract
Rev.& expanded from Case study research in education,1988.Incl.bibliographical references,index
... This study employed a qualitative approach, particularly a collective case study to fully grasp the scenario and its significance in a social unit [5,6]. Through contrasting and comparing, the researchers are able to comprehend the phenomena being studied both within and between cases. ...
... Through contrasting and comparing, the researchers are able to comprehend the phenomena being studied both within and between cases. This study is effective for a case study framework because it is contextual and focuses on a process [5]. The term bounded system refers to a research case defined by time, location, or specific physical boundaries, recognizing and understanding the limits of an organization for research [7]. ...
... The term bounded system refers to a research case defined by time, location, or specific physical boundaries, recognizing and understanding the limits of an organization for research [7]. It involves establishing clear boundaries around the study object, which can include an individual, group, or community [5]. ...
Introduction: Despite increased efforts to expand immunization coverage, progress in reducing zero-dose children remains low, especially in densely populated urban and remote rural areas, particularly the Badjao community. This study aimed to determine the adherence or accessibility of child immunization among the Badjao Community in Brgy. Tambacan, Iligan City. Material and Methods: A qualitative collective case study approach was employed to explore this issue within its social context. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 15 Badjao parents, focusing on the factors influencing adherence to childhood immunization. This approach is effective for a case study framework because it is contextual and focuses on a process. Results: The adherence to childhood immunization among Badjao mothers varies due to cultural beliefs and their understanding of vaccines, with some viewing them as treatments for illness. Influences from healthcare professionals, family, the elderly, and positive observations promoted adherence, despite barriers like lack of education, language issues, skepticism, and financial constraints. Most Badjao parents adhered to immunization, especially those who were literate, informed, and trusting of the process. Conclusion: Personal experiences and cultural transitions contribute to shaping health and wellness practices for Badjao mothers. Traditional norms in the Badjao community are evolving, showing a shift from exclusive reliance on traditional health practices to the acceptance of modern medical interventions, such as child immunization. This evolution indicates a growing recognition of immunization benefits and a willingness to integrate contemporary healthcare methods into their cultural frameworks.
... Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña's (2020) coding guidance echoes that of Merriam (1998) and Bingham and Witkowsky (2022) in two important ways. First, because of the plethora of information involved in many qualitative studies, these researchers all note that coding should focus on the units that directly connect to answering the research questions to help maintain the attention on pertinent data in other rounds. ...
... Demonstrating that the results of a particular study are trustworthy is especially important for those in fields such as education where practitioners play a large role in people's lives (Merriam, 1998). Case study research lends itself to examining multiple sources of evidence for the case thereby allowing for triangulation to improve the accuracy of the case study and strengthen the credibility of the findings (Morgan et al., 2017). ...
... Stake (1994) (Merriam, 1998). Creswell and Poth (2018) emphasize the need to be conscious of ethical considerations throughout the study and not believe the misconception that these issues only arise during data collection. ...
Dual language programs have the potential to promote social justice and have documented positive outcomes for students, particularly students classified as English Language Learners. These programs have been increasingly growing in popularity across the nation. While they can provide prime spaces to promote equity in schools, scholars have growingly voiced concerns about rising inequities, elitism, and bias in these programs, particularly impacting minoritized students. This call has led to increased attention to the programmatic goal of sociocultural competence, which helps students practice continuous self-reflection, develop a sense of themselves and their relation to others as cultural participants, and seeks to respond to the cultural needs of minoritized students. This case study with collaborative tenets focuses on a 6-8th grade interdisciplinary dual language teacher professional learning community (PLC) exploring sociocultural competence. It uses the Framework for Approaching Professional Learning Communities Interculturally as a lens to explore six qualitative data sources collected during PLC meetings with seven teachers and two coaches. Specifically, the research sought to address three main areas. The first is to understand how middle school teachers at La Unidad Middle School, a long-running dual language program in the northeastern U.S., conceptualize and foster students' development of sociocultural competence. The second is to explore dual language teachers' perceptions of their professional competence related to sociocultural competence after participating in a PLC. Finally, to investigate the professional learning community processes that teachers and coaches perceived to be the most impactful for promoting their professional competence. The contributions of this study are conceptual and practical since it provides insights into how educators conceptualize, implement, and support this multifaceted construct; additionally, it explores PLCs as vehicles for teacher learning and continued development of practice in a dual language context. The findings suggest that it is imperative to recognize that sociocultural competence is not developed in a vacuum for each student but rather is closely connected to class and school environments. Furthermore, for teachers to promote sociocultural equity-driven humanizing environments, their schools and districts must create the same environments for teachers.
... This was a qualitative multiple case study informed by Stake (1995) and Merriam's (1998) approach to case study methodology [79,80]. We adopted a constructivist paradigm [81,82] to explore participant understanding of what explains the variations in the implementation of the MPDSR policy in eight districts in Uganda and among ten health facilities (cases) that were selected to represent four out of the seven levels of the Uganda health care system (health center III, health center IV, general hospitals and regional referral hospitals) (Fig 1- ...
... This was a qualitative multiple case study informed by Stake (1995) and Merriam's (1998) approach to case study methodology [79,80]. We adopted a constructivist paradigm [81,82] to explore participant understanding of what explains the variations in the implementation of the MPDSR policy in eight districts in Uganda and among ten health facilities (cases) that were selected to represent four out of the seven levels of the Uganda health care system (health center III, health center IV, general hospitals and regional referral hospitals) (Fig 1- ...
... For data source triangulation, diverse categories of study participants were purposively selected and interviewed. Additionally, DW engaged in member checking after transcribing the audio-recorded interviews [79]. Furthermore, AK, NW, LW reviewed and commented on case findings as they emerged [79]. ...
Background
Despite growing literature, few studies have explored the implementation of policy interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Even fewer studies explicitly articulate the theoretical approaches used to understand contextual influences on policy implementation. This under-use of theory may account for the limited understanding of the variations in implementation processes and outcomes. We share findings from a study exploring how a health system-level policy intervention was implemented to improve maternal and child health outcomes in a resource limited LMIC.
Methods
Our qualitative multiple case study was informed by the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). It was conducted across eight districts and among ten health facilities in Uganda, with 48 purposively selected participants. These included health care workers located at each of the cases, policy makers from the Ministry of Health, and from agencies and professional associations. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews to understand uptake and use of Uganda’s maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR) policy and were inductively and deductively analyzed using NPT constructs and subconstructs.
Results
We identified six broad themes that may explain the observed variations in the implementation of the MPDSR policy. These include: 1) perception of the implementation of the policy, 2) leadership of the implementation process, 3) structural arrangements and coordination, 4) extent of management support and adequacy of resources, 5) variations in appraisal and reconfiguration efforts and 6) variations in barriers to implementation of the policy.
Conclusion and recommendations
The variations in sense making and relational efforts, especially perceptions of the implementation process and leadership capacity, had ripple effects across operational and appraisal efforts. Adopting theoretically informed approaches to assessing the implementation of policy interventions is crucial, especially within resource limited settings.
... This study aimed to understand the phenomena of brokering and social learning regarding how they influence leadership trajectories and learning after engagement in a particular program. Therefore, a Merriam (1998) approach to qualitative case study was our choice of method as a constructivist approach aligns both with our and our chosen theorists' epistemologies. A case study is "an intensive, holistic description and analysis of a bounded phenomenon such as a program, an institution, a person, a process, or a social unit" (Merriam, 1998, p. xiii). ...
... A case study is "an intensive, holistic description and analysis of a bounded phenomenon such as a program, an institution, a person, a process, or a social unit" (Merriam, 1998, p. xiii). Merriam (1998) defines a case as "a phenomenon of some sort occurring in a bounded context" (p. 27). ...
... The third member is a Professor and Department Head in the Department of Agricultural Education and Agricultural Sciences who teaches graduate and undergraduate leadership courses. Epistemologically, we align with constructivism and Merriam's (1998) stance that multiple interpretations of realities exist, and that qualitative research allows us to understand how people construct meaning from their realities. This stance aligns with those of the theorists and theories we operationalized in this study (Wenger-Trayner et al., 2015). ...
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent responses affected students of all ages academically, mentally, and emotionally. As leadership educators, we felt compelled to respond to adjust our programming and pedagogy for a post-pandemic era. This study aimed to explore the experiences of the first-year college of agricultural science students who engaged in an intentional community of practice about leadership. We used a case study approach and a social learning theory to specifically investigate how a social learning environment and the use of brokers contributed to student leadership trajectories. We found that student leadership trajectories shifted because of engaging in a caring community with the aid of candid and connected brokers. A small class size, multiple connections with an industry professional, and a course centered on student voice resulted in new confidence and plans to pursue future leadership opportunities.
... In this qualitative case study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to investigate the experiences to get a comprehensive grasp of the perspectives of second generation Afro-Caribbean female undergraduate students enrolled full-time at an HSI (Merriam, 1998). Case studies are a methodological approach that can be employed to explain a phenomenon within a particular context (Merriam, 1998). ...
... In this qualitative case study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to investigate the experiences to get a comprehensive grasp of the perspectives of second generation Afro-Caribbean female undergraduate students enrolled full-time at an HSI (Merriam, 1998). Case studies are a methodological approach that can be employed to explain a phenomenon within a particular context (Merriam, 1998). The usage of a case study research approach enabled analytic probing to gather a rich and contextualized understanding of the experiences of an underrepresented population of students at a Minority Serving Institution. ...
... Semistructured interviews were conducted with each of the five participants (See Table 1). Interviews were chosen as the method to collect data as individuals' realities are constructed by their interaction with their social worlds (Merriam, 1998). A two-interview scheme was devised to gather data from the participants. ...
Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) are classified by the percentage of the institution’s student population who self-identify as Hispanic (US Department of Education, 2021). While HSI designations are supposed to further support minoritized students, researchers studying HSIs have identified the need for more direct support. To further the conversation about the role HSIs play in the larger educational landscape we facilitated a case study that examined the experiences of second-generation Afro-Caribbean female students attending an HSI. This project aimed to analyze thoughtfully and intentionally in the hopes of highlighting the impact students' sense of belonging can have on their connection to campus. This qualitative case study evaluated the experiences of second-generation Afro-Caribbean female students and was guided by the following question: How can HSIs create a sense of belonging for second-generation Afro-Caribbean female students? Results highlight assessing sense of belonging among African Diasporic college at HSIs often may be excluded.
... Purposive sampling also applied to the mathematics teacher and the modern languages teacher in order to gain multiple perspectives from a core subject (mathematics) and a second language perspective. Convenient sampling was used which, according to Merriam (1998), aligns with the emergent nature of qualitative study as one does not know at the start all the persons who will be interviewed. The geography teacher, the English teacher, and the mathematics SEN specialist teacher were all conveniently sampled, as other prospective participants did not follow through with the process for various reasons. ...
... Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary source of data collection. Data were collected from ten semi-structured interviews with teachers and administrators, in keeping with the emergent nature of qualitative research (Merriam, 1998). The interviews lasted for approximately 30 minutes, and were conducted in person and through the virtual conferencing platforms, Zoom and Google Meet. ...
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of teachers and administrators within an inclusive secondary school setting in urban Jamaica. The study presented here is part of a larger qualitative case study focusing on six teachers and four administrators, all working in an inclusive setting. Participants were selected using purposive, convenient, and unique sampling. Semi–structured interviews and an observation were conducted. The findings revealed that the inclusive classroom is fraught with many challenges; effective inclusion is hindered due to various factors; teachers within the inclusive classroom respond negatively and need professional development in order to meet the varying needs of special educational needs (SEN) students. It is recommended that greater sensitization, mentorship, and ongoing professional development be provided for teachers; while administrators need to invest fully in inclusion and help to foster a culture of inclusion in principle and in practice.
... For this research, ABER refers to the art inquiry processes educators use to understand individual and group roles in constructing the meaning of collaboration. The pairing of art and early childhood educators reflects what Merriam (1998) referred to as a case, "a unit around which there are boundaries" (p. 27). ...
... We identified the context of the Collaboration through Drawing module, the educators, and the art as inquiry processes as the case study focus. As part of our creative process, we simultaneously analyzed and interpreted data collected from each module, which influenced the progression of the series (Merriam, 1998). ...
This research explores the potential for collaboration between art and early childhood educators, who both face unique challenges when it comes to incorporating art inquiry approaches for young children. One major challenge is the current policy emphasis on the economic advantages of early childhood education, which makes it more challenging to incorporate art into early childhood settings. This includes using prepackaged curricula that promote language focusing on learning for school readiness and presenting young children’s development in individualistic, linear, and predictable ways (Moss & Urban, Citation2020; Mueller et al., 2019). Art is seen as a supplement activity. Consequently, researchers in both fields have become concerned about the limited attention given to inquiry-based learning and, more specifically, collaborative art inquiry approaches. The study involved art and early childhood education researchers who aimed to bridge the gap between the two fields through a professional development initiative for educators. They designed and investigated an online workshop series using an art-based education research approach emphasizing collaboration in art inquiry. The researchers drew inspiration from the Reggio Emilia Approach’s pedagogy and included theories and questions collectively explored through structured but open-ended art-making processes. Through reciprocal and generative engagement with art materials and artmaking processes, the participants discovered the transformative language of art. The research calls for collaboration among researchers and practitioners in art and early childhood education to co-create pedagogical approaches that value collaborative art inquiry and reciprocal relationships in meaning-making. Ultimately, this can inform art curriculum frameworks, professional development initiatives, and policies that transcend both fields.
... The research uses triangulation in the data collection to increase the reliability as well as the internal validity of the research (Merriam, 1998). The instruments used to collect data in this study were interviews and documents. ...
The study aims to investigate the compact or bureaucratic accountability relationship for curriculum implementation in primary schools. To achieve this objective, an exploratory case study type and a multiple case study (holistic) research design were employed. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select sites and respondents. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources using face-to-face structured interviews and document analysis. Primary sources of data were three district or Worda Education Offices (WEOs) and three primary schools, from which three school principals, six teachers, and three WEOs’ curriculum and instructional experts were selected. The data were analyzed qualitatively using a thematic approach. The study reveals that the compact accountability relationship between the WEOs’ curriculum and instructional experts and the curriculum implementers was collapsed by key determinants such as weak capacity, poor monitoring progress, and politicization of the WEOs’ curriculum and instructional experts’ roles and responsibilities. This study also affirms that the accountability relationship was purposefully operational for easily achievable actions and politically attractive roles such as the improvement of students’ test scores by 10%, enhancing students’ enrollment, reducing students’ dropout rates, etc. that resulted in little implementation of curriculum components into classroom practices in a decentralized education system of primary schools.
... The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a constant comparative method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967;Merriam, 1998). Each interview was initially coded, by two researchers according to temporary themes emerging from the data. ...
The analysis of student access to learning management systems and web-based lecture capture systems is a growing area of interest for teachers in higher education wishing to improve the student learning experience. The data trails left by students as they engage in these environments can be accessed and analysed for meaning. This paper describes a study conducted as part of a wider multi-university study into student study behaviour. It offers a detailed snapshot of four students whose access to Lectopia recordings were tracked and analysed, and who were subsequently interviewed to confirm or disconfirm assumptions made about their study methods from the analysis. The data revealed that a surface analysis using learning analytics was largely insufficient to determine student study characteristics, but qualitative data provided rich information to supplement the analysis. Suggestions are made for further research into how this emerging methodology can be further developed and strengthened.
... Analyzed through the lens of grounded thematic analysis and reconstructive analysis, students' access to English language learning and schooling experiences provided an atmosphere of exploring the social context of a university classroom at the micro (i.e., individual), the meso (institutional), and the macro (i.e., the social context of Pakistan) levels. In the following sections, we present each focal participant as a representative case via within-case analysis (Merriam 1998, emphasis added) concerning their schooling backgrounds to unravel the symbolic powers of English (Bourdieu 1991) in a Pakistani university graduate classroom, its symbolic manifestations in learners' minds, its role in defining the boundaries of belonging to the discourses, and classroom as a learning community-a social space. Based on the premise that students from public schools do not have enough exposure to English and enter an all-English milieu university classroom setting revealed; first, the (dis)advantaged habitus, the embedded struggle for negotiating the self, and the prospects of upward social (im)mobility. ...
This study investigates the connection between access to English during early schooling (Urdu-medium public schools and English-medium private schools), the impetus of investing in a graduate classroom, and their role in shaping learners' habitus, and identities. Using cultural capital and investment as the conceptual lens and students' interviews as the data, collected from a Pakistani university graduate classroom, the study explores access to English (cultural capital) and sees whether it symbolizes a privileged position in an all-English milieu classroom setting. Grounded in a phenomenological design, the thematic analysis of the data demonstrates that English is not only perceived as invested capital but is also instrumental in (re)shaping the learners' self. The extent of access to learning English in schools not only facilitates (dis)advantaged positions but also defines symbolic power and the sense of (not)belonging to the classroom setting. The findings also exhibit that the learners' perceived positioning has a direct relationship with their investment in English and the potential returns in the form of capital valued in the social market. Having socioeconomic prestige associated with access to English, it is essential to revisit education policies, train teachers, and introduce inclusive curricula for promoting equitable access to learning English-the dominant language in Pakistan. This study suggests that English has considerable social consequences for learners in Pakistan, the degree of convergences with and divergences from this study's findings in other contexts may also be explored.
... Bagi memastikan dapatan dihasilkan secara objektif, data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan (content analysis) secara tematik. Menurut Merriam (2001), teknik analisis kandungan merupakan prosedur yang sistematik dalam menjelaskan sesuatu kandungan komunikasi. Kaedah ini digunakan bagi mengenalpasti tema-tema yang diperoleh hasil daripada temubual yang dijalankan. ...
Penguatkuasaan undang-undang jenayah syariah tertakluk di bawah bidang kuasa Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Jabatan Agama Islam negeri-negeri di Malaysia. Penguatkuasaan undang-undang jenayah syariah kadangkala menimbulkan tanggapan negatif dan membuka ruang kritikan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Persoalan yang sering timbul ialah sejauh manakah penguatkuasaan jenayah syariah yang terkandung dalam enakmen jenayah syariah berjaya dilaksanakan. Hal ini demikian kerana masih terdapat kes jenayah syariah yang berleluasa namun dilihat seolah-olah tiada tindakan penguatkuasaan yang diambil. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji cabaran dan kekangan yang dihadapi oleh pegawai pengautkuasa agama dalam menguatkuasakan undang-undang jenayah syariah di Negeri Perak sepertimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Enakmen Jenayah (Syariah) (Perak) 1992. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menerusi teknik analisis dokumen dan temubual separa struktur sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data. Temubual dalam kajian ini melibatkan seorang penguatkuasa agama dari Bahagian Penguatkuasaan Jabatan Agama Islam Perak dan seorang pendakwa syarie dari Jabatan Pendakwaan Syariah Negeri Perak. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa wujudnya cabaran dalam menguatkuasakan undang-undang jenayah syariah. Ia dapat dilihat dari aspek kurangnya kemahiran dalam memahami prosedur, kaedah operasi dan siasatan kes jenayah syariah. Isu kekurangan dan pertukaran pegawai penguatkuasa juga merupakan antara halangan dalam meningkatkan kompetensi penguatkuasa. Kajian lanjutan boleh diteruskan dengan mengenalpasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh Jabatan Pendakwaan Syariah dalam mengukuhkan penguatkuasaan undang-undang jenayah syariah di negeri Perak.
Kata-kata kunci: Bahagian Penguatkuasaan, Enakmen Jenayah Syariah, Penguatkuasa Agama, Undang-undang.
... This study employed a case study design, conceptualizing the case as a bounded system that interacts with the myriad historical, social, and environmental lived experiences of two elementary teachers (Merriam, 1998). We applied a qualitative inquiry approach to the case study (Yin, 2018) to help understand the teachers' learning experiences, beliefs, and responses while immersed in climate change professional development. ...
Elementary teachers require support through professional learning activities to enhance their climate change literacy and bolster their self-efficacy for teaching climate change. This study explores methods for supporting in-service elementary teachers’ self-efficacy in climate change teaching by examining the impact of professional learning activities that incorporate learning technologies on climate change literacy. We present the findings from two in-service elementary teachers’ perspectives on how learning technologies facilitated the scaffolding of their self-efficacy for teaching climate change. Initially, both teachers held non-normative beliefs that ozone depletion was a cause of climate change. Interactive visualizations of climate models and simulations of the greenhouse effect enriched the teachers’ climate change literacy, leading to a correct understanding of the causal mechanisms linking greenhouse gases, energy, and global temperatures. The experience also elevated the teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching science concepts, with a particular focus on their understanding of the greenhouse effect and climate change.
... Para tornar possível o alcance deste objetivo, utiliza-se a estratégia de pesquisa denominada estudo de caso (YIN, 2001). Segundo Merriam (1998), o estudo de caso é caracterizado por uma pesquisa empírica que investiga um fenômeno dentro do seu contexto real, resultando em uma descrição holística e intensa do fenômeno estudado. Ademais, utilizando-se a classificação apresentada por Triviños (1987), este trabalho constitui um estudo de caso observacional, no qual se procura retratar as contribuições trazidas pelo Sistema Abacus na execução orçamentária e financeira de organizações militares do Comando da Aeronáutica. ...
This paper is a case study and aims to identify the main contributions brought by the Abacus System to adopt Knowledge Management practices in the budgeting and financial execution in the Brazilian Air Force military organizations. In this way, the authors made special observations and interviewed managers of organizations that adopted this software. It was observed minor usage of Knowledge Management principles in the public sector and the knowledge loss occurred in the budgeting execution of those organizations. The adoption of Abacus System brought the reduction of processes quantities and optimized the budgeting execution, at the same time that raised the bidding practices, by the adoption of Knowledge Management practices and budget planning techniques.
... Em primeiro lugar, deve-se esclarecer que este trabalho retrata um estudo de caso qualitativo. De acordo com Merriam (1998), a pesquisa qualitativa significa um conceito guarda-chuva que abrange diversas for mas de investigação, que busca o entendimento de fenômenos sociais com o mínimo de interferência sobre o cenário natural em que ocorre o fenômeno estudado. Para Richardson (1985), a principal característica das metodologias qualitativas reside no aspecto de ausência de um instrumental estatístico como base do processo de análise de um problema. ...
This research has the objective of identifying the main problems in the administration of a public organization, according to a manager’s perspective. Thus, the ontological base is the interpretive paradigm (Morgan, 1980) and it used the epistemology suggested by (Seidman, 1998 ) for the data collection per three interviews. In this way, the discovered problems were grouped in four topics: organizational culture, human resources, work routines and physical structure. The relationship between the problems takes to the following consequences: knowledge loss, excessive working mistakes, chronological delays and the creation of a cycle called administrative inertia, which results in a decrease of the activity level, hindering any reaction of the organization.
... Case studies are used in both qualitative and quantitative research. Particularistic, descriptive, and heuristic are the attributes of the case study technique utilised in qualitative research (Merriam, 1998). There are two types of case studies: single-case and multiple-case designs. ...
Introduction: Bullying is a traumatic event which has negative consequences on adolescents' mental health. A likely consequence is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: The study had two objectives: (a) to measure the level of trauma and (b) to see the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) as an intervention for teenagers with PTSD. Methodology: The participant was a 15-year-old Malay female teenager from a boarding school, who completed a PCL-5 instrument to determine the level of trauma. A descriptive methodology was applied to answer the first objective while thematic analysis was utilised for the second objective. The adopted methodology of this research was a mixed method, quasi-experimental design using PCL-5 for the instrument and in-depth interviews for qualitative data. There were six sessions held by the mental health practitioner to assess the effectiveness of DBT in dealing with the teenager with PTSD. Results: The results confirm that (a) the percentage of victims of PTSD and bullying was significantly higher and needed an intervention by a mental health practitioner, and (b) the victim had suffered significantly with trauma that led to low self-esteem, self-harm, and suicide attempt. The result further indicated that DBT techniques using mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness showed significantly improved effectiveness in helping the victim cure the symptoms related to PTSD. Discussion: The study emphasised the importance of intervention from family, school, and society at large to reduce bullying and enhance respect for sexual diversity which is discussed as an effective tool to help the victims of PTSD.
... In-depth interviews delved deeper into qualitative data regarding stakeholder expectations for teacher quality in relation to reading instruction and specific challenges faced by reading teachers. This method provided rich insights into participants' perspectives and experiences, allowing for a nuanced understanding of their views and concerns (Merriam, 1998;Patton, 2002;. ...
Despite ongoing effects to improve Thai children’s reading competency, particularly their engagement with reading strategies, concerns remain regarding EFL pre-service English teacher’s (PSTs) ability to effective instruction these strategies. This study investigates stakeholders’ perspectives on PSTs’ reading proficiency and instructional skills, alongside their own needs in these areas. Data was collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with five English teaching specialists, three ELT instructors, five school mentors, fifteen English education program alumni, and twenty-two current undergraduate students. The findings highlight key dimensions for improving reading strategy instruction, including addressing challenges and promoting best practices. A crucial theme emerged: the need to align locally-set contexts with global reading materials. This research identifies both problems and needs that can inform the development of curriculum and course design for PSTs, specifically in the creation of reading strategy materials. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural awareness and cross-cultural understanding into English reading instruction to effectively prepare Thai students for 21st century learning.
... Qualitative case studies manifest two pivotal strengths: particularism and thick description (Merriam, 1998). This study therefore took SQU as a particular site, with unique characteristics, and aimed to generate thick description through document analysis, to provide institutional lenses, and staff interviews to generate a grounded perspective of how internationalisation is enacted within classrooms. ...
This paper contributes to the growing scholarship on internationalization of higher education, particularly in non-Western contexts. Literature in non-Western contexts highlights tensions around adopting approaches seen as ‘global standard’ where these reflect inequalities of power and prestige, shaped by coloniality. Drawing on conclusions from a policy document analysis (Al Furqani, forthcoming), this study is based on a thematic analysis of interviews with 10 academic staff members within one college. This study explored how academics and leaders conceptualised internationalisation, and how they related these conceptualisations to their pedagogical practices in courses, interpreting their responses through a decolonial frame. Faculty expressed positivity towards internationalization in general and commitment to specific aspects such as global employability and competence. However, they also identified tensions, such as the prioritization of English over Arabic, lower value being placed on local forms of knowledge, reliance on globalized curricula and materials, and so on. These speak to implicit understandings of latent coloniality in institutional approaches to internationalization in Oman. These findings have wider relevance to other Arab Gulf countries, as well as to other non-Anglophone countries in the process of internationalizing.
... In the first phase, to elicit creative, innovative, and authentic ideas, experts who voluntarily agreed to participate were asked semi-structured, open-ended questions based on their own experiences, while maintaining anonymity. In the second phase, the collected data were coded, and themes were identified using the constant comparative method (Merriam, 2001). At this stage, a second researcher analyzed the coded data, and themes were reported by consensus. ...
This manifesto critically examines the unfolding integration of Generative AI (GenAI),
chatbots, and algorithms into higher education, using a collective and thoughtful
approach to navigate the future of teaching and learning. GenAI, while celebrated
for its potential to personalize learning, enhance efficiency, and expand educational
accessibility, is far from a neutral tool. Algorithms now shape human interaction,
communication, and content creation, raising profound questions about human
agency and biases and values embedded in their designs. As GenAI continues to evolve,
we face critical challenges in maintaining human oversight, safeguarding equity, and
facilitating meaningful, authentic learning experiences. This manifesto emphasizes
that GenAI is not ideologically and culturally neutral. Instead, it reflects worldviews
that can reinforce existing biases and marginalize diverse voices. Furthermore, as
the use of GenAI reshapes education, it risks eroding essential human elements—
creativity, critical thinking, and empathy—and could displace meaningful human
interactions with algorithmic solutions. This manifesto calls for robust, evidence-based research and conscious decision-making to ensure that GenAI enhances, rather than diminishes, human agency and ethical responsibility in education.
... In the first phase, to elicit creative, innovative, and authentic ideas, experts who voluntarily agreed to participate were asked semi-structured, open-ended questions based on their own experiences, while maintaining anonymity. In the second phase, the collected data were coded, and themes were identified using the constant comparative method (Merriam, 2001). At this stage, a second researcher analyzed the coded data, and themes were reported by consensus. ...
This manifesto critically examines the unfolding integration of Generative AI (GenAI), chatbots, and algorithms into higher education, using a collective and thoughtful approach to navigate the future of teaching and learning. GenAI, while celebrated for its potential to personalize learning, enhance efficiency, and expand educational accessibility, is far from a neutral tool. Algorithms now shape human interaction, communication, and content creation, raising profound questions about human agency and biases and values embedded in their designs. As GenAI continues to evolve, we face critical challenges in maintaining human oversight, safeguarding equity, and facilitating meaningful, authentic learning experiences. This manifesto emphasizes that GenAI is not ideologically and culturally neutral. Instead, it reflects worldviews that can reinforce existing biases and marginalize diverse voices. Furthermore, as the use of GenAI reshapes education, it risks eroding essential human elements—creativity, critical thinking, and empathy—and could displace meaningful human interactions with algorithmic solutions. This manifesto calls for robust, evidence-based research and conscious decision-making to ensure that GenAI enhances, rather than diminishes, human agency and ethical responsibility in education.
... Isso porque atualmente, com o poder da globalização, a competitividade é cada vez mais acirrada, e ter a tecnologia a favor dos negócios se tornou uma necessidade e não mais um diferencial (Sacomano et al., 2018). Merriam (1998) diz que escolher um design de pesquisa qualitativa pressupõe uma certa visão de mundo, requer a definição como um investigador seleciona sua amostra, coleta e analisa dados e contempla assuntos como validade, confiança e ética. A pesquisa qualitativa não é linear, mas um processo de passo a passo, ou seja, um processo interativo que permite ao investigador produzir dados confiáveis e fidedignos. ...
This literature review aims to address topics related to the characteristics of data analysis. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the importance of the data process in companies, detail the four types of data analysis, explore the methods that can be utilized, and highlight the challenges encountered during data collection. To conduct this research, a bibliographic review was carried out using academic articles, websites, and books. Through this study, it became evident how these tools are highly valuable for companies in an increasingly digitized world. It is understood that, despite the obstacles encountered during data collection, these tools remain a powerful resource.
... This article reports on a subset of data collected from a larger mixed method (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998) and multiple case study (Merriam, 1998). The qualitative data used here was collected from PTs enrolled in two science and technology methods courses at a single Ontario university. ...
In education, the shift to emergency remote teaching found teachers working to increase student engagement in the online environment while still relying on face‐to‐face pedagogical approaches in the absence of sufficient Professional Development opportunities (DeCoito & Estaiteyeh, 2022). In response to the growing interest in video games in education, this article reconsiders the data collected for a single case of primary/junior preservice teachers (PTs) enrolled in a science education methods classroom to answer (a) How can video games be used as a learning object in a teacher education program? (b) How does using a video game in a science education class impact PTs' intent and understanding of using video games in their future classroom? (c) How PTs can be supported to understand how video games can be used? Results found video games acted as significant springboards for learning as PTs worked together to make meaning of STEM and reflected—both during and after gameplay—on video game use with their future students. Additionally, exposure to digital game‐based learning increased both intent and confidence of using video games as deep learning objects for their future classrooms. Recommendations and implications are discussed regarding the introduction and integration of video games in a teacher education program.
... Além disso, os autores vão além da entrevista em profundida e colhem dados a partir de fotos, comunicados, artigos de jornais e apresentações dos participantes, assim como notas de campo dos pesquisadores e reflexões e observações anotadas durante cada entrevista. Estas duas últimas técnicas são embasadas em Merriam (1998), dirigidas para a área da educação, em que a autora apresenta diretrizes para o trabalho de observação e para as notas de campo, apontadas como instrumentos para registro das observações do pesquisador e que serão fonte de dados brutos. Para a fase da análise dos dados, Hemmer e Elliff (2020), que exploraram como superintendentes entendiam as condições de sua liderança e as decisões tomadas antes, durante e depois do furacão Harvey, servem-se de Corbin e Strauss (2008) para fazer análise temática dedutiva e indutiva e utilizam uma ferramenta reflexiva colhida de Bertelsen (2005) imediatamente após cada entrevista em que os próprios pesquisadores eram forçados a examinar suas suposições, preconceitos e perspectivas enquanto trabalhavam para descobrir significados, propriedades e dimensões incorporadas nos dados. ...
Este estudo é uma investigação sobre a utilização da análise fenomenológica interpretativa (AFI) em estudos de liderança, em especial, sobre a extensão em que os pesquisadores aproveitam a característica de flexibilidade saudável dessa abordagem para ampliar a criatividade metodológica. A AFI visa explorar em detalhes como os participantes dão sentido para suas experiências vividas e é apresentada por seus fundadores mais como um conjunto de diretrizes do que um método rigoroso. Buscando conhecer em que medida e de que forma os estudos aproveitam esses espaços de flexibilidade para incrementar e inventar no interior dessa perspectiva, este artigo perscrutou 11 pesquisas do campo da liderança que se serviram das diretrizes da AFI e identificou quatro estratégias: a) complementação; b) abordagem longitudinal; c) mapas mentais; e d) software de codificação. As principais conclusões apontam que os artigos sobre liderança que utilizam a AFI raramente seguem todas as suas recomendações metodológicas, fazem uso de diretrizes de outros autores vinculados à fenomenologia, utilizam-se de técnicas e recursos de diferentes áreas e não exploram a etapa de coleta de dados de modo criativo.
... Isso porque atualmente, com o poder da globalização, a competitividade é cada vez mais acirrada, e ter a tecnologia a favor dos negócios se tornou uma necessidade e não mais um diferencial (Sacomano et al., 2018). Merriam (1998) diz que escolher um design de pesquisa qualitativa pressupõe uma certa visão de mundo, requer a definição como um investigador seleciona sua amostra, coleta e analisa dados e contempla assuntos como validade, confiança e ética. A pesquisa qualitativa não é linear, mas um processo de passo a passo, ou seja, um processo interativo que permite ao investigador produzir dados confiáveis e fidedignos. ...
This literature review aims to address topics related to the characteristics of data analysis. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the importance of the data process in companies, detail the four types of data analysis, explore the methods that can be utilized, and highlight the challenges encountered during data collection. To conduct this research, a bibliographic review was carried out using academic articles, websites, and books. Through this study, it became evident how these tools are highly valuable for companies in an increasingly digitized world. It is understood that, despite the obstacles encountered during data collection, these tools remain a powerful resource.
... The data was coded for sensemaking of emergent categories that demonstrated the social realities of the participants. As a reflexive and iterative process from which extensive codes and themes emerged, it allowed for multiple readings of the data after which they were organised into higher levels of categories with inclusion of all the sources of data (Merriam, 1998). Subjectivity and bias were suppressed through concentration on the authentic text in consultation with the participants. ...
Using the meta-theoretical tenets of social constructivism and the conceptual framework of Stephen Ball (2003), this qualitative study investigated teachers’ perceptions and practices in highly regulated reform policy contexts. Data capture involved semi-structured inter¬views and observations conducted over the period of a school year. Findings revealed that accountability and performativity measures that are aligned with the current reform have increased the complexity of teachers’ practices, intensified labour and heightened their need for compliance. The data revealed a dissonance between the perceptions of policy bureaucrats and teachers in relation to the efficacy of statistical goals within the paradigm of performativity However, the main factor that motivated teachers’ compliance and conformity hinged on the creation of a favourable impression and an appeasement of external agents. The central position of this article, how¬ever, holds that suppressing teachers’ professional judgement leads to the neglect of crucial learning goals such as learner motivation and critical thinking which are crucial aims of schooling. English teachers are best placed to support this type of learning, but it is doubtful whether silenced teachers can raise critical learners. Keywords: Teacher accountability; performativity; teacher compliance; teacher judgement; teacher voice.
... This year-long, qualitative multiple-case study (Merriam 1998), which aimed to explore translanguaging practices, was a pilot study for a larger project. Cases were defined based on individual participants' thoughts, actions, and interactions comprising different realities. ...
Although there have been numerous recent translanguaging studies, less research ventured into a more critical uptake of translanguaging beyond descriptive framing. This exploratory multiple-case study investigated the (trans)language(ing) practices of Chinese international students at a predominantly White university in the US. Participants transcended the boundaries between dominant languages, dialects, and modal systems, gaining the benefits of translanguaging for pedagogy, multimodal expression, and communication within and outside the educational settings. The dynamic blending of Mandarin and Chinese dialects indicates that translanguaging holds relevance to not just marginalized bi/multilinguals but also ‘monolinguals’ whose translanguaging includes dialects and non-dominant language variety. The challenges that led participants not to do translanguaging as well as their perceptions of (not) doing translanguaging echo the call for celebrating translanguaging with caution. Translanguaging advocates for the linguistic rights of linguistically minoritized and racialized communities. It is also argued that an intersectional lens is necessary to examine the workings of power enmeshed in (trans)language(ing).
... Scholars note differences in the methodology of qualitative research and quantitative research that are inherent in the research design. Instead of using a lifeless instrument as in quantitative research, the researcher is the instrument in qualitative research (Merriam, 1998). The focus on participants and their meaning making and the focus on understanding how phenomena occur are additional distinctions of qualitative research methodology. ...
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the experiences of midlife, Black, female doctoral students. The overarching question guiding this study was: What meanings did midlife, Black, female doctoral students attach to their doctoral experiences? Data were collected from nine participants using in-depth semi-structured interviews and critical incident reflections. As this study was concerned with examining the experiences of midlife. Black, female doctoral students and how the intersection of these three locations impacted the doctoral experience, a conceptual framework incorporating Black feminist thought and intersectionality was also used in order to analyze the phenomenon. Participants were selected from various institutions and from a diverse group of programs. Findings suggest that as older Black women, these doctoral students were subject to different academic and social expectations that influenced their doctoral journey. This study contributes to the limited body of research on older Black women in higher education and gives institutions strategies for supporting this population.
... They were aged between 49 and 22 years (M = 27). The semi-structured interview allows conversations with experts to grow organically since the questions do not have to come in a specific order; they can react extemporaneously to new ideas or emerging world views, which arise naturally as the interaction flows (Merriam, 1998). Only ten unstructured interviews were conducted. ...
Objective: Intercultural communication is the process of communication between individuals or groups who come from different cultures. In an increasingly globalised world, intercultural communication is essential as it allows us to effectively and comprehensibly transmit information, ideas, and values between different cultures. This study aims to analyse and evaluate how intercultural communication influences the performance and outcomes of social workers from the perspective of social workers. Theoretical Framework: Social workers play a crucial role in assisting clients with personal, family, and community issues, ensuring appropriate social functioning and meeting needs. Effective communication with the client and their immediate environment is a cornerstone of social work practice, as it is a key component of problem-solving and functioning. Therefore, social workers must strive to be proficient communicators. Method: The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach. Qualitative content analysis analyses written texts, particularly those in the human and health sciences. The overall objective of content analysis is to describe the similarities and differences in the text's content. Results and Discussion: To focus on the social worker implementation and interpretation perspective of intercultural communication and paying more attention to others. The implementation and interpretation of intercultural communication among social workers in Albania are of great importance, as there has been an increase in the number of asylum seekers in recent years. Social workers must develop cultural competence to engage with clients from different cultural backgrounds effectively. Research Implications: Utilize a qualitative research approach for gathering data. Conduct in-depth interviews with social workers to understand their experiences, challenges, and insights regarding intercultural communication in the field of social work. Originality/Value: The originality of this study lies in its specific focus on the implementation and importance of intercultural communication among social workers in Albania. While the general concept of intercultural communication in social work has been explored globally, examining it within the Albanian context provides unique insights. This is particularly relevant given the recent increase in asylum seekers and returning emigrants in Albania, which poses specific challenges and opportunities for social workers.
... La presente investigación se enmarca en un diseño no experimental, de naturaleza cualitativa, transversal y con un enfoque descriptivo (Merriam, 1998). Esta elección metodológica responde a la necesidad de abordar el intrincado proceso cognitivo que los estudiantes de ingeniería experimentan al enfrentarse a situaciones contextualizadas en matemáticas; procedimiento que no es fácilmente medible ni comparable mediante parámetros numéricos; por lo que los hallazgos de la investigación se enriquecen descriptivamente toda vez que el investigador está en intenso contacto con los participantes. ...
Este artículo se centra en analizar los procesos cognitivos involucrados en la transferencia del conocimiento matemático a situaciones contextualizadas, especialmente en el campo de la ingeniería. Los datos se obtienen a través del actuar de un grupo focal del estudiantado de ingeniería quienes se enfrentan a una propuesta didáctica, diseñada mediante la Matemática en Contexto, que aborda un sistema de ecuaciones algebraico-lineales en el contexto del balance de materia. El análisis cognitivo se sustenta en la Teoría de Campos Conceptuales por lo que se examinan las representaciones de los invariantes operatorios utilizados frente a una situación matemática contextualizada. Derivado de este proceso se propone una escala de cuatro niveles de conceptualización para caracterizar la transferencia progresiva del conocimiento matemático a situaciones de contexto. Se concluye que la transferencia del conocimiento matemático a otras áreas de estudio es un proceso gradual y mediado que requiere tiempo y estrategias didácticas adecuadas.
... Bu çalışmada fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin bakış açılarını derinlemesine araştırmak için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Durum çalışması sınırları belirlenmiş bir programın, kurumun, olgunun veya sosyal bir birimin, yoğunlaştırılmış ve bütünsel bir yaklaşımla tanımlanması ve analiz edilmesidir (Merriam, 1998). Burada çalışılan durum "öğretmenlerin soruşturma anlayışlarındaki gelişim" dir. ...
... In this study, we endeavored to describe and explore selected women's perspectives on their roles as mothers/leaders. The notion of describing and exploring rather than identifying cause and effect indicates a qualitative approach to inquiry (Janesick, 2004;Merriam, 1998). Qualitative techniques are utilized when we need a complex, detailed understanding of an issue that is best established by talking directly with people. ...
What does it mean to be a good mother? What does it mean to be an effective school leader? These questions elicit a myriad of answers, illustrating the complex roles of mother and leader. The complexities are magnified for those who inhabit both roles. The purpose of this study was to understand the intersectionality of motherhood and educational leadership through the experiences of women who are mothers and leaders in a public school district in North Carolina. In this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, a focus group was formed to explore participants’ experiences and perceptions of the benefits and conflicts inherent in maintaining the roles of mother and school leader as well as their perceptions of the non-dichotomous relationship of the two roles. Feminist standpoint theory and work/family border theory were utilized as frameworks to inform study design, data collection, and data analysis. Ideas around gendered roles as well as work/family balance were central in our efforts to understand the lived experiences of each participant. Through analysis of each focus group session, followed by an analysis across group sessions, three themes emerged: 1) emotional challenges 2) mother’s ways of leading, and 3) work-life balance. Keywords: Mother/Leader, Women in School Leadership, Feminist Standpoint Theory, Intersection of Motherhood and Leadership
... The research here was framed as a descriptive case study, with a primary goal of describing the case as situated within its own context (Merriam, 1998;Yin, 2008). The boundary of the case was defined as the development of m-learning materials as part of the KKL initiative. ...
The use of Short Messaging Service (SMS) for education has grown in recent years, drawing particular attention to supporting school-level learners, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This renewed interest has prompted questions about how this form of educational technology could be used in the longer term. However, despite being used in many Covid-19 responses, there are few documented examples of innovative applications in this field during the pandemic, which represents a gap in the literature. As a medium for education, SMS offers potential benefits such as being cost-effective and having positive impacts on learning. In this paper, we present a case study of an educational programme rapidly implemented during the pandemic as part of the ‘Keep Kenya Learning’ program, to support learners remotely in terms of literacy, numeracy, and social and emotional learning topics. Through the case study, we describe the innovative process used to rapidly develop content for SMS, and draw upon usage statistics, quiz scores and user feedback to gain insights into its implementation with learners and caregivers in Kenya. The case study demonstrated that educational television content can be effectively adapted to mobile delivery. Furthermore, we present practical reflections on the development and implementation of SMS educational technology which will help inform future initiatives. These include considering timing in relation to school terms when planning a supporting intervention, and designing content in a modular way to allow flexibility for learners in navigating through courses.
... An intrinsic, instrumental exploratory case study research design is adopted (Stake, 2005). A qualitative case study provided "an intensive and holistic description of a bounded phenomenon under consideration even that was a thing, single entity, a unit around which there were boundaries that could be a program, a group, an institution, a person, a process, or a social unit" (Merriam, 1998). The case study method in qualitative research designs provided researchers with different tools to explore a complex construct under particular contextual conditions (Baxter and Jack, 2008). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study endeavour is to delve into the perceptions and sense-making of both spiritually empowered leadership and workplace spirituality at the Akhuwat Foundation, a prominent social sector microfinance organization in the Muslim majority economy of Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative research approach and an intrinsic instrumental case study research methodology, a series of 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions (each focus group contained five members) were conducted with employees and leaders at the Akhuwat Foundation of Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021.
Findings
The findings from thematic data analysis show that the spiritual leadership at Akhuwat Foundation implemented workplace spirituality by creating a spiritual environment, such as brotherhood, at the workplace. Moreover, the employees exercise workplace spirituality by voluntarily performing their duties at lesser salaries. Alternatively, spiritual leaders care for employees by reducing organizational problems and improving their employees’ well-being.
Research limitations/implications
Although this research explores spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality in the national context of Pakistan, further investigation in other contexts is required to cross-check and validate the research findings.
Practical implications
Regulators and policymakers of organizations operating in Muslim-majority countries should focus on brotherhood, inspire employees through vision, resolve organizational challenges and create a spiritual environment for spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality to improve employee well-being, broader societal welfare and organization’s overall performance.
Originality/value
This study revealed new themes of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership in the organizational context of a Muslim-majority country, Pakistan, identified context-specific themes and enhanced the theory of spiritual leadership and workplace spirituality.
... It examined the mechanisms of change and the diversity of implementation and intervention delivery. A case study approach (Merriam, 1998) was used which aimed to capture the range and diversity of participant experiences. Individual, in-depth semi-structured interviews lasting between 30 -45 minutes were conducted with one teacher from each of the case study schools (see Table 1), to explore their experiences of the intervention and any factors that influenced their ability to implement the intervention with their pupils. ...
Gender balance in computing education is a decades-old issue that has been the focus of much previous research. In K-12, the introduction of mandatory computing education goes some way to giving all learners the opportunity to engage with computing throughout school, but a gender imbalance still persists when computer science becomes an elective subject. The study described in this paper investigates whether introducing pair programming would make a difference to primary-aged girls’ attitudes to computing and intent to study the subject in the future. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) was designed and implemented around a 12-week intervention with 785 female pupils between the ages of 8 and 10 years, alongside a qualitative evaluation investigating teachers’ and pupils' experience of the interventions and the development of materials and teacher preparation resources. The results of the RCT showed no statistically significant changes in student attitudes towards computing or intent to study further, although the qualitative data indicated that both teachers and pupils found the interventions engaging and enjoyable. Themes emerging from the qualitative data point to the importance of collaboration in supporting a development in pupil confidence. Overall, these results emphasise the societal and systemic barriers around computer science and technology engagement across genders that persist despite many initiatives being implemented over many years.
... Une codification mixte a été privilégiée pour se baser sur les concepts inhérents à l'étude, tout en laissant de la place à des codes émergents (Gendron et Brunelle, 2010). Une analyse en profondeur de chaque cas a d'abord été effectuée, suivie d'une analyse intercas qui a permis de dégager les tendances, les similitudes et les différences (Albarello, 2011;Merriam, 1998). Les résultats exposés dans cet article s'appuient sur l'analyse intercas, de sorte que ceux-ci sont présentés de façon intégrée. ...
... A purposive sampling method was used to determine the focus groups because this method of sampling allows for the study of cases that yield rich data. Focus group interviews provoked collective viewpoints from Bachelor of Education (BEd) students and encouraged debate and discussion to solidify meanings that underpinned their views (Merriam 1998). I also assumed that the fourth-year students would be more knowledgeable about their institution's teacher education landscape than students in the lesser years of study and, therefore, would communicate informed views. ...
... Memahami faktor tersebut dan mengambil kira kedudukan penyelidik sebagai seorang yang asing, penyelidik memutuskan untuk mengehadkan pengumpulan data hanya kepada sepuluh majlis perkahwinan. Dari segi jumlah, Othman Lebar (2014), Merriam (2001) dan Lincoln dan Guba (1985: 350) mencadangkan faktor-faktor seperti sumber yang diperoleh sudah banyak dan mengalami ketepuan (tiada kategori lagi boleh dibentuk), kemunculan situasi yang sama berulang kali dan kemunculan data yang tidak berkenaan, maka penyelidik memutuskan untuk mengekalkan sepuluh buah majlis perkahwinan di kampung dan di bandar (hotel). ...
Kajian ini bertujuan membuat analisis tentang penggunaan kronemiks atau masa dalam majlis perkahwinan masyarakat Melayu di negeri Perak. Majlis perkahwinan dalam masyarakat Melayu merupakan satu acara yang menyatukan dua individu lelaki dan perempuan secara sah menurut hukum Islam. Di dalam majlis ini terkandung elemen utama, iaitu masa yang penting dalam menentukan perjalanan majlis berkenaan agar sempurna. Masa menjadi elemen yang penting kerana penentuan perjalanan dan kesempurnaan majlis perkahwinan adalah antaranya tertakluk kepada penetapan masa-masa yang ditetapkan berdasarkan keperluan adat. Dengan mengambil pendekatan kualitatif dan reka bentuk etnografi, penyelidik mengambil masa selama empat bulan dengan berada bersama-sama dalam sepuluh buah majlis perkahwinan. Dilengkapi dengan catatan lapangan, kamera video, kamera DSLR, temu bual dengan tetamu, tuan rumah dan 15 orang informan terpilih yang memiliki pengalaman dalam menguruskan majlis perkahwinan, penyelidik melengkapkan analisis terhadap penggunaan masa dalam majlis perkahwinan Melayu ini. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan masa adalah elemen penting yang menentukan persiapan dan perjalanan majlis serta keterbukaan masyarakat terhadap faktor masa dalam mementingkan hubungan. Implikasi daripada kajian ini ialah masyarakat Melayu merupakan sebuah masyarakat yang mengambil kira pelbagai faktor untuk menentukan sesebuah acara perkahwinan berlangsung dengan baik dan dalam masa yang sama masih dapat memelihara keharmonian masyarakat dengan tolak ansur yang tinggi.
This study explored the relationship between school leadership and the implementation of citizenship education (CE) in a Chilean public secondary school, in the context of different reforms in this area, which generate contradictions around the type of curriculum to be implemented, ranging from minimalist versions focused on civic education, to maximalist versions focused on active and critical citizenship. Among them, Law 20.911 (2016) stands out, which establishes that each school must have a citizenship education plan. A case study is presented in a borough where the local policy (municipality) incorporated leaderships that work full time to coordinate and implement CE in each of the schools of the borough, a novel initiative in the national context. An institutional ethnography was developed, which examines the relationship between what is institutionally defined at different levels and its implementation, exploring how CE operates from the perspective of the different actors and recognizing their power to translate policy into action. Institutional documents were reviewed, interviews were conducted with educational actors and classes and other formative instances were observed during a school year. The results show the challenges that leaders must face: the articulation between the municipal and school levels for the implementation of CE; the tension between accountability and the focus on the pedagogical meaning of CE; the reconciliation of different notions about CE within the school; and difficulties to involve the teaching staff in the implementation of CE, and to articulate CE with other school subjects, incorporating it into the curriculum.
Purpose
Inferior quality reprocessed products hinder the successful adoption of reverse logistics supply chains (RLSCs) of demolition waste (DW) in the construction industry. Therefore, an information-centric quality assurance system (QAS), including process, people, policy and technology aspects, plays an important role in RLSCs, yet none of the previous studies empirically delved into this. Therefore, this study aims to establish how aspects of the process, people, policy and technology contribute to creating an information-centric QAS for RLSCs.
Design/methodology/approach
Initially, an extensive literature review was undertaken. Then, following a qualitative approach, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with internal stakeholders of the RLSCs in the South Australian construction industry. The collected data were analysed using directed content analysis.
Findings
This study empirically established how the aspects of process, people, policy and technology contribute to quality assurance (QA) in RLSCs. The process involves practices and approaches for QA. Experienced and knowledgeable people should undertake this process, complying with the policies and using new or available technologies. Each aspect provides useful information that should be shared and communicated with the other aspects to create an integrated QAS for the RLSCs.
Originality/value
The current study made a significant contribution by empirically establishing that an information-centric system of process, people, policy and technology was needed for QA in RLSCs to produce quality outputs. This QAS provides useful insights for industry practitioners, government and policymakers about the aspects they should embrace in enforcing QA in RLSCs.
As a subset of sustainable tourism, ecotourism has increased in protected tourism sites and biodiversity hotspots as increasingly more tourists look for meaningful natural experiences. This necessitates understanding how to leverage tourist-local community engagement in ecotourism branding. The chapter focuses on two case studies from two contexts, which harness tourist-local community engagement in their ecotourism branding. While the first case study relates to the conservation of nature and cultural heritage within an Amazonian rainforest in Peru, the latter refers to preserving the ecosystems of the ocean in the Maldives. Although both cases leverage tourist-local community engagement to a certain extent, they heavily focus on uplifting local communities, guest education and scientific research in their ecotourism branding. The study lacks empirical evidence, yet it has managerial and policy implications. It advises managers and policymakers to foster a sustainable ecotourism brand with the tourist-local community interaction in mind.
Etik ilkelerin varlığı, mesleğin profesyonelleşme düzeyini işaret etmektedir. Türkiye’de, özel güvenlik görevlileri için yayınlanmış meslek etiği ilkeleri bulunmamaktadır. Meslek etiği ilkelerinin oluşturulmasında meslek mensuplarının görüşleri önemlidir. Bu bağlamda araştırma, Türkiye’deki özel güvenlik görevlisi ve yöneticilerinin benimseyerek uygulamalarına yansıttıkları meslek etiği değerlerini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan tekli durum çalışması çerçevesinde keşfedici durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında 3.612 özel güvenlik görevlisi ve yöneticisinden veri toplanmıştır. Verinin analizi neticesinde, elde edilen 37 kodun beş tema altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Este artigo investiga a permanência estudantil por meio da análise da trajetória escolar dos egressos do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA). O estudo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) sob o registro CAAE 70868423.5.0000.5660, abrangeu sete egressos da turma que concluiu o curso no primeiro semestre de 2023. A pesquisa adotou uma abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada nas dimensões-chave de Vincent Tinto (2017), e a análise foi conduzida com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti 23. A partir das transcrições das entrevistas, foram identificadas categorias emergentes, incluindo ‘motivação’, ‘persistência’ e ‘realização pessoal’. Estas categorias foram examinadas em relação à autoeficácia, ao senso de pertencimento, ao valor percebido do currículo e às redes de ‘educação’ e ‘adaptação’. Os resultados revelam que a permanência estudantil se configura como um processo de superação ao longo da trajetória escolar, com a rede de apoio multidisciplinar exercendo um papel fundamental na finalização bem-sucedida dos estudos. Com base nessas conclusões, recomenda-se que instituições de ensino invistam em ações formativas que promovam a autoeficácia, estimulem a interação interpessoal para fortalecer o senso de pertencimento e desenvolvam estratégias eficazes para a Política de Assistência Estudantil, visando garantir a permanência e o sucesso acadêmico dos estudantes.
The classical pathway of mass production followed a linear model with trashed products and wasted remaining materials at the final stage of their life cycle. Smart approaches of manufacturing and product life cycle management aim for Circular Economy (CE) models to implement sustainable business models to overcome imbalances between resource supply and demand of goods. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) solutions together with smart contracts seem to have the potential to realise such new sustainable business models in the context of CE. The study demonstrates how NFT technology can become an integral part of smart product life cycle management for batteries of e-cars. The research highlights how circular business models can be developed and implemented in the e-car sector around the life cycle management of batteries as well as how NFT technology can contribute to sustainable conceptualisation for battery recycling.
Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan nilai-nilai murni keindahan bahasa dalam rinait (mantera) masyarakat Kadazandusun di Sabah yang kini semakin terpinggir dan dilupakan oleh generasi muda dalam masyarakat pendukungnya. Norjietta Taisin (2014) menyatakan mereka lebih terpengaruh kepada lagu-lagu moden tambahan pula yang melafaz dan melagukan rinait terdiri daripada golongan yang sudah berusia lanjut. Ia memerlukan kemahiran untuk melagukannya serta menyebut setiap kata-kata unik yang terdapat dalam rangkap rinait (mantera) sementara itu usaha-usaha untuk mendokumentasikan hasil sastera tersebut amat sedikit. Dalam kajian ini keadah yang digunakan adalah kualitatif menerusi temubual responden yang arif tentang amalan rinait seperti bobolian (dukun). Kajian lapangan juga telah dilaksanakan dengan menyertai upacara-upacara yang dijalankan berkaitan dengan rinait. Beberapa rinait yang diperoleh daripada responden mendapati bahawa terselitnya nilai-nilai murni dalam beberapa leksikal yang dikatakan mempunyai keindahan bahasa dalam rinait (mantera). Nilai-nilai murni yang dikenal pasti dalam rinait tersebut dapat diterapkan oleh guru dalam pendidikan bahasa untuk membentukkan insan yang seimbang dari segi jasmani, emosi, rohani, intelek dan sosial. Impaknya nilai-nilai murni akan mencerminkan suasana kehidupan yang harmoni dalam mewujudkan intergrasi nasional di Malaysia. Sementera itu. Beberapa leksikal yang telah dikenal pasti juga memberi satu ruang alternatif dalam pembentukan istilah baharu pendidikan bahasa Kadazandusun yang berkemungkinan besar istilah tersebut sesuai diterapkan ke dalam bahasa Melayu dan seterusnya berpotensi menyumbang kepada sumber istilah bahasa Melayu.
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