Article

Oxidative damage and histopathological changes in the adult male Sprague Dawley rat liver following exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field throughout the entire adolescent period

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exposure to a 900 megahertz (MHz) electromagnetic field (EMF) on the adolescent rat liver. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 21 days, were assigned to 3 groups: control, sham (SGr), and EMF exposure (EGr). EGr rats were exposed to a 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day in a special cage throughout the adolescent period, while SGr rats were exposed to pseudo-EMF exposure in the same cage. All rat livers were removed on postnatal day 60 and subjected to histopathological and biochemical procedures. RESULTS: Evaluation of histopathological EGr slides stained with H & E revealed loss of hepatocytes, dilated sinusoids, and paleness around pericentral regions. EGr slides stained with Masson's trichrome revealed paleness in hepatocytes around the central vein. EGr TUNELstained sections contained notably more apoptotic cells than did those of the other groups. EGr mitotic and apoptotic indices were statistically significantly higher than those in the other groups. Biochemical analyses revealed that malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased and catalase levels decreased in the EGr as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The study findings show that exposure to EMF throughout adolescence can lead to oxidative damage and increased apoptotic injury and mitosis in hepatocytes in the male rat liver.

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Article
Despite their benefits, technological devices such as cell phones may also have deleterious effects on human health. Considerable debate continues concerning the effects of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted during cell phone use on human health. We investigated the effects of exposure to 900 megahertz (MHz) EMF during mid to late adolescence on the rat liver. Control (ContGr), sham (ShmGr) and EMF (EMFGr) groups of female rats were established. We exposed the EMFGr rats daily to 900 MHz EMF on postnatal days 35−59. ShmGr rats underwent sham procedures. No procedure was performed on ContGr rats. Rats were sacrificed on postnatal day 60 and the livers were extracted. One part of the liver was stained with Masson’s trichrome or hematoxylin and eosin. The remaining tissue was used to measure oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nitrotyrosine. Total antioxidant status and total oxidant status were used to calculate the oxidative stress index. We found normal hepatic morphology in the ContGr and ShmGr groups. The EMFGr group exhibited occasional irregularities in the radial arrangement of hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hemorrhage, sinusoid expansion, hepatocyte morphology and edema. Biochemical analysis revealed that 8-OHdG and SOD levels in EMFGr decreased significantly compared to the ContGr and ShmGr groups. Exposure to a continuous 900 MHz EMF for 1 h daily during mid to late adolescence may cause histopathological and biochemical alterations in hepatic tissue.
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