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government’s supporting programs for the growth of home-based enterprises in viewpoint of female owner of home-based enterprise

January 2016

Authors:

Meisam Modarresi

Semnan University

Zahra Arasti

University of Tehran

Maghsoud Farasatkhah

Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education

In under-developing societies and even developed economies, home-based enterprises have been used as a device for economical growth and solving the problem of unemployment particularly for women. The role of these kinds of businesses in national and regional development causes government's attention to this subject and establishing special supporting policies for these kinds of businesses the more. According to the increasing predicaments of unemployment in Iran, especially for women, some actions have been taken for supporting home-based enterprise and their growth; but difficulties of these businesses still continue to be valid. Present research has dealt with the pathlogy of the government's supporting programs for home-based enterprise. For this, qualitative research method and 20 deep interviews with owner of home-based enterprises have been done. In addition, interview analysis was done through thematic analysis. Research results was presented in two groups of pathologies related to designing programs and pathologies related to executing programs. At the end, helpful diplomatic solutions were suggested to improve the government's supporting programs for home-based enterprises.

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



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

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

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

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







       









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

Email: arasti@ut.ac.ir





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...



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         

  

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

  



     



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

    



     

    



    

     



     

     

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 

  



   

   











  



 



 

      

  

  







___________________________________

 Berke

 Rosnafisah

 Henderson

SBA

Mason

Chen

Sinai

Mahmud

White

Tipple

 

       





      

       

        

       

 







     



       



       

      







          

 





         







    



 

    





       



  

        

___________________________________

Wynarczyk and Graham

Walker and Still

Ali

Kelley







     



       





   

      

      









   

       



   



ٔ   

      

         

     

     



        



  



       



      







  



___________________________________

Richard





   



 



 

  









    

        

       





  



   



        

  

      

 







     

      





  







 



    

    

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Thompson

Johansson

Jain and Courvisanos

Kellett and Tipple

Gough



    



 

     

     

        



 

      





     





    

   



       



       





     

 

         





        











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Finmark

Walker and Webster

Welter

North

    



        

      

  





    







    

  

       



       



      













 



    



 



     

      









       













     



 

    

 

       

      





       



       







      







      



          

      



___________________________________

Hazebroek

       





      

     

      



          



     

   















      





     

       

        





       





   

   



      

     



        

___________________________________

Lynn and Earles

Stanger

Peacock

Pratt











      





      

      



      



       

      

 







    





        







    



        



        

     

      





___________________________________

Dwelly

Orser and Foster

Kigochie





   

 













      

  



  

      

     





   



  

   



  

   





   

       

      



     

  

   





      

___________________________________

Vorley and Rodgers

Clarkand Douglas

Mason and Reuschke

Redmond and Walker







     

      



    



       

 

       

      

    

         



     



    

        

   





         

     



     

    

      



   

ٔ



     

      









 

      



      



       

     

       

   

       

   

    

    



     





     





        



      

         







     

   

 

 

     

 

 

      



     



 



       

  

 





       









     





  



 

   

   



  

   

    

    



 



         

       

    













___________________________________

Richards

Henry

contextualize

Zahra

     

 

        

     



     







   



  



ٔ







       





          







       

       







  

       





   



    

   



  



        

___________________________________

Bamiatzi and Kirchmaier

Delmar and Wiklund

Purposeful sample

. information richness

Rao and Perry















      

 

       







    





      







  









         





     





       



 

  



 







 

         

___________________________________

Open-ended

Theoretical Saturation

Eisenhardt





        





 

          

     

      

          



   















    

         



















     





___________________________________

Miles and Huberman

Strauss and Corbin





















12









































































    



















































 

     

 

       







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





       



 

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



…





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

     

        



         

   

  

    





 

 

 





 



 



 

 



 

























         

  



      



 

   

       

     





     

   



      



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



      

  







      



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     

     

     

      

   







   

       

    







      



  

     



     



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 





     

    

     



     



      

  



    









        



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      











   

    







        



  

 



     

  

    



      



 





      



     





   











       









       





   





       

        



       

       







       





 





      



 

         





























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







    

  

    





ٔ



        













        





 



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     

     

 











    

      

     





















       



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       



        

       

      

      

        



      

       

  

  









       





        

 

   











          





  





      

 

       

 









    





 

     



   

     







         





       





















 











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







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



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



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

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







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

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

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









 



    



    

  

      

 

      



     

      



   





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       

   

 





      





     





   

    

  



     

       



    



      







   

  



 

     

   



       

    

     













 







  



     



       



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Javadian and Singh

Breen



    







 

    



   

         

     

  



         

      

    

    

     

      

       

  





  

  



       

        

        



       





      

      







      



          









   





      

          

 

      



 









    







         



      



     







 



       

    



       

     

     

  







     

      



     

     

 

 



      

     

          

       

.







    

      





 

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Tietze

  

      

  





     



 





        









       



   

   



 













 















       







         





     



    



  

 

     

  



    



       



    



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Growth barriers of women-owned home-based businesses in Iran: an exploratory study

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Full-text available

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the growth barriers of women’s home-based businesses (HBBs) in Iran. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative approach was used by 22 in-depth interviews with Iranian female HBBs owners/mangers. Findings Business growth barriers of women were categorized in a multi-level framework of individual barriers (micro), business-related barriers (medium) and environmental barriers (macro). The most important micro-level barrier is lack of skills and experience, while the financial barriers identified as the most business-related one and, finally, the problems of having work interactions with men is the most important environmental barrier women-owned HBBs mentioned. Research limitations/implications The results of this paper can help policy-makers better understand growth barriers for women-owned HBB and attenuate these barriers by developing purposeful supportive growth policies that are commensurate with the barriers. Also, HBB women owners themselves could better concentrate on removing barriers by deepening their understanding of their business growth barriers. Originality/value The paper contributes to the scarce knowledge about women-owned HBBs in Iran, a rapidly growing, developing country, which can provide better insights from a less explored context. Moreover, as there is only a limited understanding of HBB growth, especially in relation to women business owners, the paper results can prove helpful for researchers in the domain of female entrepreneurs.

Women’s entrepreneurship in Iran: How are women owning and managing home-based businesses motivated to grow?

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Full-text available

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the growth motivations of women owning and managing home-based businesses (HBBs) in Iran. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative approach was used by 20 in-depth interviews with Iranian female HBBs owners/mangers. Findings – The business growth motivations of women owning and managing HBBs were categorized in intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Results show that women owning and managing HBBs are motivated to growth their businesses by intrinsic motivations including need for achievement, need for independence, proving competency and socio-cultural concerns. Also, they are motivated by some extrinsic motivations including fnancial issues, fame, positive feedback from others and the problems of working at home. Research limitations/implications – Given the importance of entrepreneurial growth, the fndings provide additional insight into growth motivations of women entrepreneurs. Practical implications – The results of this study can help policymakers to develop purposeful growth policies for women’s HBBs that are commensurate with the motivations. Social implications – Also, women owning and managing HBBs themselves could better concentrate on enhancing business growth by deepening their understanding of their business growth motivations. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the scarce knowledge about women-owned HBBs in Iran, a rapidly growing, developing country, which can provide better insights from a less explored context. Moreover, as there is only a limited understanding of HBB growth, especially in relation to women business owners, the study results can prove helpful for researchers in the domain of female entrepreneurs. Also, this paper contributes to theory on the motivation for entrepreneurship and to research on growth motivation. Keywords: Iran, Business growth, Growth aspiration, Growth motivation, Home-based business, Women’s business

'Futures' of home-based business: A literature review

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Home based businesses (HBB) are increasingly becoming an alternative to salaried employment. This research explores the potential for HBB to contribute significantly to the economic development of peripheral metropolitan centres. Without economic development, these centres remain dormitory suburbs with unresolved associated social and ecological issues. By mapping the diversity and limitations of HBB in the City of Casey, an outer suburban peripheral area of Melbourne, Australia, this study aims to evaluate what exists and the response by governments at all levels to further business development. This study finds that the role of government is restricted to broad initial start-ups, with no programs or support for the type of innovative HBB that need to be husbanded and encouraged to grow outside of the narrow confines of their home base.

Family industry in Istanbul: labor and social identity

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This article links the construction of identity within the Turkish family to urban working-class women's production for the national and international market. It argues that women's self-identity is largely based on complex sets of relations that involve giving and receiving labor. By exchanging labor and services, women maintain membership in social groups such as family and neighborhood that are crucial to their economic and social survival. This association of labour with social and gender identity provides the ideological framework for a system of cheap labor organized in both family workshops and as women's piece-work.

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Monumental changes are taking place in the Arab Middle East, raising hopes that political and economic freedoms will take hold in this troubled region. Citizens of this region have the opportunity to choose political ideologies that can fuel innovation and entrepreneurship, which ultimately can transform their economies and improve their quality of life. They will also have to connect with the rest of the world to attract talent, capital, new technology, and modern systems of management and organization. In this article, I sketch out some of these changes and the opportunities they offer management scholars. I also outline the key challenges scholars are likely to encounter and how to address them.

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Home-based businesses (HBBs) represent an increasingly important form of entrepreneurial activity, yet often remain overlooked within academic literature and largely invisible within official statistics. Set against the background of the home becoming a more common place of business, this article unpacks owner-entrepreneurs' experiences in forming their HBB. By employing Lefebvre's concept of everyday life and drawing on de Certeau's work, it examines the trajectories and tactics of HBB owner-entrepreneurs in the Sheffield City Region in the UK. Focusing on the creative industries sector, the article problematises the push/pull, opportunity/ necessity based binary to elucidate how incidents experienced by HBB owner-entrepreneurs affect the formation of HBBs. The motivations for creating HBBs are shown to be complex, comprising personal and work-related incidents which are related to the lived practices of owner-entrepreneurs. Finally, the article broadens the discussion to reflect on implications for public policy and outlines directions for further research into HBBs as an increasingly pertinent field of entrepreneurship.

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Article

Dec 2014

The number of businesses starting up from a home base has been growing steadily over the past decade in many countries. Home-based businesses have been seen as a ‘safe’ way to test a new business idea and a low risk option for a person wishing to start a new business. As such they have caught the attention of governments. However, generally governments have been slow to develop policy to guide those that invest in these businesses or to regulate them. What governments have tended to do instead is group them with other small businesses and view them all as an avenue to promote small business ownership as a way of increasing economic activity, particularly in regional areas. Whether public support for home-based businesses provides a return on investment (ROI) has received little attention. The question therefore is, do home-based businesses make a sufficient economic and social contribution to the public purse to warrant the use of public funds to support and promote them? While a home-based business may add to the social fabric of a community, and be a real financial option to mainstream employment for the owner, does it add economic value to a region? This paper aims to develop a policy measure for targeting the support of home-based businesses and focus in on whether public support for home-based businesses provides a ROI.

Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance

Article

Jun 1992

Using the home for income-generation - The case of Kumasi, Ghana

Article

Dec 1998
CITIES

A widespread phenomenon in many cities in developing countries is using homes not only for shelter, but also for income-generation through informal-sector activities. Using survey data from Kumasi, Ghana, I examine the characteristics of households that undertake such economic activities compared to those that do not. Descriptive analyses of socioeconomic characteristics, migration history, housing and location indicators, and tenure are presented. Discriminant analysis comparing the two groups is used to summarize the findings. Results show that female-headed households and larger households with older but less educated heads use their housing for income-generation more than other households. Migration history also distinguishes the two groups, but not in the expected direction. None of the location characteristics examined discriminate between the groups. Households that use their home for income-generation occupy more rooms, but their housing quality is not as good as the housing quality of other households.

The impact of connectivity technology on home-based business venturing: The case of women in the North East of England

Article

Aug 2013

This article aims to assess the extent to which connectivity technology has contributed to home-based business activities of women in the North East of England. Based on an empirical survey of 98 women-owned home-based businesses, the article concludes that technology has reframed the concept of ‘home economics’, providing an effective medium for engaging women in the labour market. The article argues that home-based business venturing needs to be further promoted via appropriate policy channels and support networks as a viable and serious employment opportunity, as well as a solution to dual-role conflict experienced by some women who may otherwise be deterred from playing active roles in the local and regional economic development.

Narrating the Entrepreneur

Article

Jun 2004

Anders W Johansson

Within the social sciences narrative approaches have become more popular. In recent years ithas also been suggested that entrepreneurship research would benefit from the use of a narrative approach. Interest in this direction is now emerging. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and reflect upon how narrative approaches can contribute to entrepreneurship research. The article is focused on three areas: (1) The construction of entrepreneurial identities, (2) Entrepreneurial learning, (3) (Re)conceptualizing entrepreneurship. It is argued that a narrativeapproach contributes to the literature by enriching the understanding of what motivates individual entrepreneurs and the way they run their businesses. Storytelling is closely related to entrepreneurial learning and complements other approaches. Furthermore, storytelling and story-making serve as potential metaphors for conceptualizing and reconceptualizing entrepreneurship.

government’s supporting programs for the growth of home-based enterprises in viewpoint of female owner of home-based enterprise

Abstract

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