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Ideales e ídolos : ensayos sobre los valores en la historia y el arte / E.H. Gombrich ; tr. por E. Riambau.

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Abstract

Traducción de: Ideals and Idols. Essays on Values in History and in Art Compilación de diversos ensayos sobre el tema de los valores en el arte, del historiador y teórico de origen austriaco Ernst H. Gombrich. En ellos Gombrich analiza el hecho de que diferentes estilos y períodos artísticos hayan sido motivados por distintos sistemas de valores, concluyendo que definitivamente las grandes obras de arte aluden a valores universales.

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... Producto del Roman-ticismo alemán, el Zeitgeist era una noción que se caracterizaba por permear todos los aspectos de la vida de un periodo determinado: la política, la economía, la religión, la cultura, las artes, etc., produciendo ideas, formas y comportamientos similares. Gombrich (1981) lo definió como un derivado del determinismo hegeliano, caracterizándolo con la imagen de una rueda, "la rueda de la Historia". ...
... Según Wölfflin, las polaridades buscaban impulsar los cambios formales de la mano de las formas mismas, y a lo largo de un camino de desarrollo lineal y preordenado. Gombrich (1981), quien criticaba el reduccionismo de este enfoque, las llamaba cuestiones polarizantes: ...
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En este escrito se caracteriza una propuesta moral para la arquitectura y el urbanismo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, elaborada por el historiador del arte y la arquitectura sir Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983). El lapso que cubre este estudio abarca el origen, el establecimiento y el declive de la arquitectura y el urbanismo modernos (1900-1970). El texto se divide en seis capítulos, que examinan desde el proceso formativo del autor a nivel universitario, hasta la crítica a su enfoque de la relación entre la arquitectura y el urbanismo.
... Esto es, lejos de ser unas asignaciones arbitrarias y caprichosas propias de la cultura de la masas, presentan un fuerte componente de motivación. De esta manera, podemos definir al ídolo como la figura a la que recurrimos para transformar nuestros "ideales" en imágenes (Gombrich, 2004) y que puede tener tanto una dimensión cultural como una íntima; una figura ...
Article
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Este artículo quiere hacer uso de la metodología semiótica de la cultura para abordar un fenómeno clave nuestra mediática como es el de la fama, y en particular, su vinculación con el discurso religioso y la construcción de ídolos e iconos en ambientes altamente mediatizados. Históricamente vinculados al problema de la imagen sagrada y de su regulación, se nos presentan hoy como estados de fama superlativa y como elementos que siguen hablando de la actitud que mantenemos con las imágenes que creamos. Observaremos por tanto en una perspectiva macro, qué se mantiene, qué ha desaparecido y qué se ha incorporado en nuestra concepción de los actuales ídolos e iconos, parientes pobres de la cultura, con respecto a los regímenes de sentido establecido por sus homónimos religiosos.
... Como bien puntualiza Gombrich (1999), Bownes (1989) y Peist (2012) en su versión ampliada, el estadio histórico y los cánones estéticos de cada contexto son fundamentales. Los movimientos artísticos del momento, así como los agentes sociales marcaron una clara tendencia hacia la vuelta de la ilustración, un entorno en el que la obra de Labanda encajó a la perfección sorprendiendo por su propuesta clásica pero innovadora y contemporánea a la vez. ...
Thesis
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This thesis will focus on the analysis of both the artistic trajectory and the public image of the illustrator Jordi Labanda. It will thus attempt to pin down the keys of his early breakthrough as an illustrator as well as the reasons that have made his profile, work and label prevalent up until today. It is hard to grasp the relevance of Jordi Labanda just by analyzing the pictorial space of his work. As a subject matter, he is a character, an artistic firm and a label. Thus, it is only possible to locate the main keys of his sustained success as a relevant name of commercial illustration by studying his profile through a variety of perspectives. In this sense, the theoretical framework of this research will introduce the concept of public image to the reader whilst discussing a set of variables of success, fame and social prestige both within the artistic and the commercial arenas. Subsequently, the study will go on to re-examining both the chronological stages of his work and its particularities, with special focus on the impact and popularity reached in each period. In order to delimit the object of this study to the fullest -and after having set up a wide theoretical and contextual framework- the study will focus on a qualitative research method consisting of: exploratory interviews, a scrutiny of both press and Facebook content on his figure, and an in-depth interview followed by a lecture delivered by Jordi Labanda himself, in which he offers a thorough outline of his own professional career. All these sources of information will become the pillar of the methodological design of the thesis, providing the reader with an accurate portrait of both the illustrator's public image and the different variables of his success. The personal testimony of the researcher -as well as her work position as a team member of Jordi Labanda's studio- will have an enormous significance for the outcome of the investigation. It will provide first-hand information that will complement and contrast all the previous work on the illustrator's figure, work and label. Thus, from an internal standpoint, this project will attempt to prove that Labanda did not get where he is by mere chance, but as a consequence of a unique capacity to observe and assimilate his social environment, to which he has adapted and seized for more than two decades. The next pages will therefore open the doors of the so-called 'Labanda universe', extensively discussed over the years as a way to assemble an organized explanation of the Labanda phenomenon -a cornerstone of today's public image management techniques within the commercial illustration sector.
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The complex world of thought and sensitivity in the sphere of contemporary art has entailed the revision and exclusion of disciplines aimed at providing a model to explain and conceptualize reality. Art history, as one such discipline, has had many of its contributions questioned from Gombrich's epistemological reformulation to the postmodern discourses, which extol the death of the author, the post-structuralist idea of tradition as a textual phenomenon, and the declaration of the death of history as a consequence of the hybridization of disciplines and of other branches of human knowledge. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that proposals as those by Julius von Schlosser and Giulio Carlo Argan enclose reflections and methodological aspects which can help us face the task of understanding and visualizing the mediating role of historians in the culture of sensitivity, and the art modulations that have resulted from the blows of history and that, in turn, have shaped both art and art history into what they are or can be to us today.
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