Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models

Full text

I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
Published Online June 2017 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/)
DOI: 10.5815/ijitcs.2017.06.07
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and
Deployment Models
Tinankoria Diaby
School of Technology, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
E-mail: diabytinankoria@gmail.com
Babak Bashari Rad
School of Computing, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation (APU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
E-mail: babak.basharirad@apu.edu.my
Abstract—This paper presents a selected short review on
Cloud Computing by explaining its evolution, history,
and definition of cloud computing. Cloud computing is
not a brand-new technology, but today it is one of the
most emerging technology due to its powerful and
important force of change the manner data and services
are managed. This paper does not only contain the
evolution, history, and definition of cloud computing, but
it also presents the characteristics, the service models,
deployment models and roots of the cloud.
Index Terms—Cloud Computing; The Evolution, History,
and Definition of Cloud Computing; Characteristics of
Cloud Computing; Cloud Computing Service Models;
Cloud Computing Deployment Models; Roots of the
Cloud.
I. INTRODUCTION
In today world, every institution needs to start
searching out where exactly Cloud Computing (CC) is
required in their business so that they will gain a
competitive advantage by staying and remaining
competitive in their business sector. An exceptional
characteristic of cloud computing is it pay per use one as
the cloud user is only required to pay just for the used
services [1].
Briefly, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis
of the cloud computing, explaining its services and
deployment models, and identifying various
characteristics of concern.
This paper provides a literature review on concepts and
deployment models of cloud computing. The structure of
this paper is organized as follows. After the introduction,
the evolution, history, and definition of cloud computing
will be given in next section. Then, the essentials
characteristics of cloud computing will be briefly
explained. Service models of cloud computing will be
discussed in next section, and then Cloud computing
deployment models will be reviewed. The last section of
the paper contains a discussion of the roots of cloud
computing, then a conclusion, and finally, the references
of the paper will be listed.
II. THE EVOLUTION, HISTORY AND DEFINITION OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
Cloud computing is not exactly a new technology
concept as it seems to be originated after the computer
diagrams network that represents the internet like a cloud
[2]. The emerging technology has been very significant in
both business environment and academic environment [3].
Many definitions have been given to it in different ways
and the researcher has noticed that all these tons of
definitions mainly focused on the service and technical
characteristics. For the past few years, the most used
definitions among all the attributed definition to the CC
remain the NIST definition, which stands for the National
Institute of Standards and Technology [4]. According to
NIST on the definition of CC, it is a model which enable
suitable, on-demand access network to distribute band of
configured computing assets such as network, storages,
servers, services and application which precipitously
provisioned and released with minimum management
effort or interaction provider cloud [5]. In the other hand,
another author said that CC is a set of applications,
hardware and system software aimed to deliver good
quality of services (QoS) to the end user throughout the
used of the internet [6]. A     [7],
cloud computing is an innovation that can be seen in
different ways, particularly from the technology
perspective which happens to be an advancement
computing as well as applying virtualization concepts to
be able to utilize hardware more effectively and
efficiently. He furthermore explained that cloud
computing can possibly change the way, how computing
resources and applications are cloud computing and
computing evolution provided, breaking up traditional
value chains and making room for new business models.
Cloud Computing cannot be given a general definition
because of the fact that its application is wide, therefore,
the definitions are dependent on what integration it would
be used for.
   [7] defined it also as an IT deployment
model that is based on virtualization in which the related
resources such as infrastructure, applications and data are
been deployed over the internet as a form of distributed
service by the service provider responsible for providing

Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models 51
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
that service. The service can also be scaled based on
individual demands, as the pricing can be flexible to the
extent that it can be on a pay-per-use basis. Another
definition given by Stavinoha [8] says that cloud
computing is a model that can be used to enable
convenient network access based on demand to a shared
pool of computing resources that is configurable (for
example, networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) and can quickly provisioned to be released with
the most minimum management and effort from the
service provider as well as their respective interaction.
For Rashmi et al. [9] CC can be defined looking at two
(2) viewpoints such as the user and organization
viewpoints. Therefore, for the user viewpoint, CC
delivers a significant for obtaining computing based
services without the need of deeply knowing the
fundamental technology used, and for the organization it
offers services for the consumers and the business need in
the easiest manner by delivering unbounded scale and
differentiated service quality to foster speedy innovation
and making decision. The concept of CC refers to a
system where the resources of a data centre are shared by
using virtualized technology that can also deliver elastic,
on-demand and instant services to customers and let the
customer pay by using the pay per use method [10]. This
definition is graphically depicted in Fig. 1. However,
according to Oliveira et al. [11], even though CC is not
totally a new concept, CC faced a lake of standardized
definition.
Different definitions from different researcher showing
the strength of CC a different perspective but all centred
around one thing: in their respective definition, they all
say it is one form of the model. This makes it very
distinct and more emphasis is laid on the model itself.
Before the models are considered, there is a need to
examine the characteristics of cloud computing critically,
as it deals and relates to the models.
Fig.1. The schematic definition of cloud computing [10].
III. THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
Essential characteristics of cloud computing as
explained by different researchers including Dillon et al.
[12], Mell & Grance [5], Srinivas et al. [13], and
Stavinoha [8]. According to the NIST definition of cloud
computing, essential characteristics of cloud computing
are the following five characteristics:
A. The on-demand self-service
This is explained in terms of users, which can
unilaterally provide computing capabilities that is needed
automatically without the supervision or interaction of a
human from each service provider. The computing
capabilities can be server time or network storage
B. The broad network access
This is explained using computing capabilities that are
available via the internet or network and can be accessed
through a channeled and standard mechanism, which is
put in place to promote the use of heterogeneous
platforms, which can be either very thin or very thick.
Examples of the platforms might include smartphones,
tablets, laptops, and workstation computers.
C. The resource pooling
The computing resources of the provider are pooled to
serve multiple users using a multi-tenant model, with
different physical and virtual resources dynamically
assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand.
There is a sense of location-independence in that the
customer generally has no control or knowledge over the
exact location of the provided resources but may be able
to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g.,
country, state, or data centre)
D. The rapid elasticity
In this case, computing capabilities are explained in
terms of the elasticity that is provided as well as released.
The release might be automatic in some cases in order to
actually scale inwardly and outwardly. This scaling is
also used to commensurate the demand from customers.
From the user's perspective, the capabilities that are made
available often appears as if it is unlimited which can be
appropriated in terms of quantity and time.
E. The measure service
Cloud system, in this case, is controlled and optimised
automatically with the resource that is used by the
leverage: this is a metering capability that is used as
abstraction at some point as it is seen appropriate to the

52 Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
exact type of service. The resource can also be used to do
a lot more like monitoring, controlling, and also reporting
as it further provides transparency for the provider and
user as well as far as utilised service are concerned.
Examples of service, in this case, includes storage,
processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts.
Fig. 2 briefly demonstrates the essential characteristics
of cloud computing.
Fig.2. The Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing.
IV. THE SERVICE MODELS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
According to the NIST CC consists of three (3)
principal model services which the Software as a Service
(SaaS), the Platform as a Services (PaaS) and the
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) [5].
The service models of CC are made based on modern-
day data centres which integrate the three (3) service
models which are the Software as a Service (SaaS),
Platform as a Services (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) and provide them as utilities by letting
consumers to pay just for what they use (pay per use.)
Data centres provide the hardware in which the clouds
run on and they form the foundation of the cloud. Data
centres are generally built of numerous servers linked
with each other; and are sited in thickly crowded bands,
where there is minimal risk of a natural disaster [1].
A. The Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software as a Services or Software- as a Products well
known as (SaaS) is the first layer of CC service models is
the platform which enables various users at the same time
via the used of object code and data [14]. It is different
from the traditional software as it needs own traditional
software and hardware which SaaS does not need [15].
SaaS software is bought and installed into a personal
computer, like a model of distribution where applications
are accessible by vendors and providers of services, and
provide the availability of the data to the end users via a
typical platform mostly the internet. It is appropriate a
progressively predominant distribution model since it
underlined the technology that carries service-oriented
architecture (SOA) and web services advanced and
innovative developing methodologies start to become
famous. Software as a Service is moreover frequently
related to a licensing model such as pay-as-you-go
subscription. Additionally, service broadband has been
progressively accessible to sustenance end user to have
access to more regions all over the globe [16]. According
to the above statement, the best example will be Google
Docs.
B. The Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a Service (SaaS) model is a middleware of
CC service models which offers a platform of computing
and stack solution like a service [17]. This model allows
user or customers to build their own using software
 
of the software and other services. the cost of this model
is reduced        
managed both software and hardware needed to create the
application, meaning that Platform as a Service (PaaS)
model provides applications deployment by lowered the
expenses and complication of purchasing and controlling
both hardware and software and provisioning capabilities
of hosting [18]. The example of Platform as a Service
(PaaS) examples according to the given explanation will

C. The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the third service
model of CC and it is the most comprehensive. In the
IaaS, the supplier provisions the needed processing,
networks storage, and additionally necessary resources of
computing and the customers are allowed to implement
and run many sorts of software that might be needed such
as operating applications and systems. The customers do
not administer or maintain the underlined CC system but
have total power over the systems operating such as space,
applications implemented, and perhaps regulator that is
limited for networking selection components [3]. This
model provides platform as computer environment or
infrastructure (both hardware and software) for the users.
Essential
Characteristics of
Cloud Computing
On-Demand Self-service
(Automatic Provisioning)
Rapid Elasticity
(Automated Load Scaling)
Resource Pooling
(Multi-tenancy Model with
Location Independence)
Broad Network Access
(Accessible by any
Networked Device)
Measured Service
(Monitored, Controlled, Reported
and Billed for)

Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models 53
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
The service model is payment scheme is defined based on
the usage meaning that user only pays only for the service
the user has used the billing payment can be based on the
amount of storage per GB like the internet mobile data
used in GB, data transfer, usage of computing per hour
[19]. The suitable example of Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) based on the above statements is host firewalls but
beside that another examples of the IaaS 
Web Services Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Secure
Storage Service (S3).
Fig.3. The Hierarchical view of cloud computing service models [20].
Fig. 3 depicts the hierarchical view of cloud computing
service models. Based on this figure, in any of these
service models, the customers have total control over the
     
service models, it can be noticed that IaaS is the service
model that has the maximum control over the
infrastructure providers. While compared to IaaS, PaaS
has the minimum control over the infrastructure providers.
All the services offered in IaaS, are part of the cloud
     
infrastructure distributed to customers throughout a
network. The customers of this service have very
miniature control over the infrastructure. To manage and
control the fundamental infrastructure and platform is the

V. THE CLOUD COMPUTING DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Choosing the suitable type of CC to be implemented by
an institution is the first important step to take as it
promises a successfully CC implementation by that
institution as different types of CC require diverse skills
and resource. According to Chauhan et al. [21], many
institutions that have been failing in the implementation
of their CC failed because of choosing the wrong CC.
Institutions must examine their data precisely, before
deciding which type of CC to choose so that they can
avoid failure of implementation.
There exist four (4) of models that have been totally
adopted in any CC research-based, according to their
distribution and physical location. There based on
previous researches on CC, the deployment models of CC
have been classified as the following.
A. The private cloud
This deployment model functioned especially on
behalf of company meaning this type of CC services is
not accessible by the public; it is survived by the
company. It might exist on or off the locations as the
users of this type of CC can be from diverse units or
departments but belonging to the same specific company.
The private cloud is known as the most security cloud as
it data processes are controlled and managed in the
company exclusive of any limitation of bandwidth
network, security disclosures, and legitimate
requirements using services of public cloud may
necessitate [22]. In the private cloud, it possible that the
      
owned, even operated and managed by the company itself,
a third-party or both [5]. It delivers many outcomes to a
public cloud computing environment, for example,
becoming a service-based also elastic. Examples Amazon
Virtual Private Cloud [4].
According to Parsi & Laharika [23], private clouds are
classified into two (2) variations which are:
 The on premise private cloud
Also, called as the internal cloud, this type of private
   
It offers an additional uniform procedure plus security,
yet is frequently restricted in size and scalability.
Moreover, an organization's Information Technology (IT)
unit would encounter the costs of capital and operational
for the physical resources with this model. This type of
private cloud is best utilized for applications (apps) which
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
Cloud Infrastructure
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Architecture
Platform as a Service
(PaaS)
Architecture
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Architecture

54 Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
necessitate total control and configurability of the
different infrastructures and security (protection).
 The externally-hosted private cloud
The type of private cloud model called the externally
hosted is held by an outside CC provider. This CC service
provider encourages a restrictive CC environment with
complete guarantees of confidentiality. This type of
private clouds is advised to institutions that do not favour
using a public cloud infrastructure due to the fact of the
because of the risks associated with the physical
resources sharing.
According to Thakur et al. [14], some characteristics of
private cloud are as below:
 Enhanced Security Measures
In an IT sector security is one of the requirement that
many institutions seek for particularly when it comes to
financial institutions. For example, the security and
confidentiality issues are the principal concern in the
banks. The private cloud model arrives well furnished
with a customizable and thorough firewall and a plethora
of security and confidentiality tools that guarantee
extreme safety against illegal usages, such as hacking and
other.
 Dedicated Resources
   
Like a supporter of private cloud, enterprises have their
personal dedicated resources, for example, the time of
processor and the data buses that guarantee ideal
execution.
 Better Customization
The private cloud model is acquiescent and
customizable as it can be built to outfit the precise
requests of a business. This in turns allows the business to
take additional control over their own data to ensure
security.
The private cloud models are consenting and adaptable
as they can be made to outfit the exact solicitations of a
business. This in turns permits the business to have more
control over their information keeping in mind the end
goal to guarantee security.
B. The public cloud
The public cloud model comes with many features as it
offers applications, data storages, and many different
services to its users coming from its service provider.
This is based on the characteristic of the pay-as-you-go
model. This cloud model is built with a perspective to
provide boundless memory storage and expanded data
transmission through the Internet to all organizations. It is
also hosted, owned, and operated by a third-party service
provider. It is as well as takes into account every sort of
prerequisites from little, medium and enormous
organizations [24]. It is considerate as the easiest to be
setup since it liberates that supporter from burdens of
equipment, application or transfer speed costs.
Organization pays for only those services and resources
they have used. Customers must pay their bill of public
cloud services, monthly.
It does not require any hardware device as it can
function on the major principle of storage demand
scalability. The accepted examples of public clouds are
Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute, Google App Engine,
and Blue Cloud by IBM and Azure Services Platform by
Windows [22].
Briefly, this cloud is known for its availability to the
public or bigger of the institution from the third party that
is based on providing services to its client through the
int       
data will be publically exposed to be visible as the public
cloud dealers always deliver an authorized and
authentication access control for the clients. This cloud
provides a cost-effective and elastics meaning to
solutions deployed [22].
According to Parsi & Laharika [23] public cloud
provides four (4) basic characteristics, which are the
following:
1. Flexible and Elastic Environment
The public cloud for example Google App engine and
Amazon elastic CC provides to its customers a greatly
adaptable environment of the cloud. It empowers
customers in sharing and storing information based on the
  an choose
what they want to share and what they do not want to
share with their customers.
2. Freedom of Self-Service
The public cloud inspires it customers in making a
cloud all alone exclusive of taking anybody's assistance.
This is called as the pre-configured clouds, which exist
on the Internet. The principal thing is that organizations
that desire to choose the public cloud need to do is to visit
the portals of the public cloud begin with it. They do not
need to have relied on any third-party support in making
or running this sort of cloud. As it will directly be
overseen and took care of by them like they will be the
principal owner of it.
3. Pay for what is used
This specific characteristic empowers the technology
of cloud to be extra accessible by organisations to operate
in a synchronized manner. The further organization uses
the services of cloud, the well prosperous the future
business will be. Nevertheless, the charging for the
payment is done based on the basic cloud services utilised
by customers.
4. Availability and Reliability
The fact that the public cloud is accessible to all and
believes in agility is one of the many other characteristics
if the public cloud. The users have the possibility to time
their work at whatever period they want also from
whatever side of the globe. Not just customers end up
being free to run basic assignments of the business but
they are additionally extra productive in reinforcing
customer relationships over the globe.

Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models 55
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C. The hybrid cloud
This cloud is made of many of both private or public
cloud which is shared between the different institutions
       
internally managed and it can also be managed by the
third-party which is inside or outside hosted. The bills of
this cloud are increasing over some clients; consequently,
some of the bill savings benefits of CC are accomplished.
This could assist in limiting the benefits spending
expenses for its founding as the prices are distributed
among the companies; most of the government agencies
in a single region cloud may be shareable, but not the
non-government agencies [23]. However, organizations
can maintain their cost and security at a reasonable level;
but at the same time, there are some issues regarding
standardization and interoperability of clouds, which
should be considered [24].
According to Sujay [25], some characteristics of the
hybrid clouds are:
1. Optimal use: The typical centres of data in the
server resources are used from five (5) to twenty (20) %.
The reason behind that is the crest loads, which are ten
(10) times higher than that of the typical burden. In this
way, servers are generally sitting still - making pointless
costs. Hybrid cloud could extend server use by scaling
out to open assets to take care of hosts.
2. Data centre consolidation: Rather than giving the
capacity to adjust to most sceptical situation
circumstances, a private cloud simply needs resources in
typical cases. The contrasting option to impact out grants
server union and therefore achieving the abatement in
working costs. This incorporates the hardware, power,
cooling, maintaining, as well as service costs.
3. Risk transfer: Organizations personally are
maintaining and running their server (the centre of their
data) and private cloud. The service provider of the
public cloud provider musts ensures an extreme uptime
for their service. Utilizing the hybrid cloud, the danger of
misestimating workload is relocated to the cloud seller
from the service operator. The clear majority of the cloud
providers have the SLAs, which guarantee an uptime of
more than 99.9% consistently, for example, downtime of
max. Nine (9) hours for each year.
4. Availability: The extreme accessibility in the
corporate server (the centre of their data) is troublesome
as well as costly, as it necessitates data redundancy, data
reinforcements, and geographical scattering. Particularly
within the organizations where Information Technology
is not t the focus corporate, the skill around there is
somewhat restricted. In a hybrid cloud, the public cloud
might scale up or completely overtake operations if the
organization's server (the centre of their data) is not
available because of some failures and some attacks of
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).
D. Community Cloud
The community cloud infrastructure is supervised, then
utilized by a different number of institutions that have the
same core business, projects or shareable demands
infrastructures such as software and hardware so that the
running costs of IT can be reduced. Therefore, this cloud
can be manageable by either the joined institutions or the
cloud that provides the services [14]. Academic clouds
are an example of community cloud.
The cloud computing deployment models are
graphically depicted in Fig. 4.
Fig.4. The cloud computing deployment models [14].
VI. THE ROOTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
CC originality is to be followed by the evolution of
countless technologies innovations most strikingly the
advancement of hardware technology for example multi-
core chips, virtualization, and managing systems, for
example, automation of data centre, internet technologies
advancement like Web services, service- oriented
architecture, Web 2.0, distributed computing notion, grid
computing as well as cluster computing [26].

56 Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
A. The grid computing
Begun during the mid-1990s, like a consequence of the
requirement for the computing systems obliging the next
expanding requirement for very quick calculating
scientific intensive data applications. The fundamental
objective of the grid is uniting huge computer that is
distributed, capacity assets as well as interface remotely
found PCs through an extensive system, in this way
wiping out the topographical barriers and guaranteeing
that unmoving resources are used to the best [27].
Therefore, Grid Computing incorporate numerous
managerial fields from various topographical localities to
resolve a solitary errand and are rapidly released [28].
The standard protocols expansion from different Grid
Computing activities provided the transportation of
resources of computing throughout the Internet on-
demand [26]. Nevertheless, the acknowledgment of the
quality of service (QoS) in the grids is the significant test.
Grid contrasts from the cluster as in network resources
are intended to be slackly paired. The inevitable
developments in computing carry about the necessity for
the release of computing-as-a-service, quite than
computing-as-a-product. As indicated by Hashemi &
Bardsiri [29], they explained Grid Computing in terms of
application usage, data and storage as well as network

or explained in terms of distributed computing which
involves a large amount of coordination also sharing
computing, application, data storage among other, as well
  
organization must be dynamically and geographically
dispersed for it the real essence of grid computing to be
clearer and more meaningful to the organization
concerned. Further explanation showed that the reason
and vision behind grid computing were to allow access to
computer-based resources. It also has the following
characteristics:
 Large Scale: The capability of dealing with the
huge quantity of resources, which could be a bit
costly as the cost, can be few millions.
 Geographical Distribution: the ability to access the
resource from distant places.
 Heterogeneity: the ability to host both software
and hardware that can range from data to files,
software component, and even programs.
 Resource sharing: allowing access of resources in
a grid belonging different organizations.
 Multiple Administrations: the ability for different
organisations to create distinctive security as well
as policies of admin so that the resources they own
will be accessible and usable.
 Dependable Access: the ability of the grid
computing to ensure safe delivery of service
underneath established service quality.
 Consistent Access: the ability of the grid to be
created through standard services, protocols as
well as the interface to interact.
B. Hardware Virtualization
The virtualization idea get is originality from the time
virtual machines were introduced (an occurrence of the
physical machines) by IBM during the 1960s [30]. The
thought behind utilizing virtual machines (VM) is
because they empower computing resource-sharing
(hardware) as well as time. Therefore, a virtual machines
sponsor advance decrease of equipment like hardware
expense but then enhancing profitability by permitting
different clients synchronous access to the instance of a
computing resource [28]. The hardware virtualization
offers to the clients the capacity of running different
software on a similar physical machine, hiding all
features that are detailed in the physical machine from the
clients.
C. Autonomic Computing
According to Boom [31], autonomic computing
combines both the study and capability of the computer
system with the ability to achieve autonomously desired
behaviour, further explanation was using a specific
-tuned system has the ability to tune
their respective performance based on the needs of their
intended missions. In this case, the self-protected system
automatically handles intrusion attacks from an external
source, as a self-manage system do not really requirement
human-made configuration. Another distinct behaviour is
that self-healing system is capable of repairing them as
the case maybe while the self-managed system can also
be constructed broadly as having the capability of
      
Autonomic computing is described by four (4) important
features which are self-optimization, self-protection, self-
configuration, lastly self-healing [26].
D. Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture
(SOA)
Web Services (WS) open standard development have
specially added to the integrated business systems
enhancements and supporting. These innovations in Web
services empower data sharing amongst running
application upon various chatting platforms, in this way
creating single internal data application's accessible by
others throughout the internet [26]. Web services were
developed throughout current renowned technologies
such as Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) as well as
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which are
subsequently skilled on behalf of procurement of
mechanisms to carry services and implement SOA.
SOA intended to address prerequisite of slackly paired,
standard-based, as well as independent protocol dispersed
computing [28]. The advancement of Web services
empowers the creation of influential services supporting
simple and quick access on-demand in a reliable manner.
Supercomputers have assumed the main part for
calculation-intensive purposes, for example, quantum
physics and climate conjecture applications, nevertheless,
deploying supercomputers to do such errands is not
practical, therefore, the advancement of cluster
computing [28]. Cluster computing comprises of a

Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and Deployment Models 57
Copyright © 2017 MECS I.J. Information Technology and Computer Science, 2017, 6, 50-58
gathering of parallel and distributed PCs working firmly
together to perform an errand that would typically not be
accomplished with a solitary PC. Cluster computing is
generally connected over a quick Local Area Network
(LAN) Internet [26]. The fundamentally favourable
position of groups over single PC is the procurement for
high accessibility, the load-adjusting and diminished
expense of sending contrasted with conveying a
supercomputer Internet [26]. High accessibility of cluster
computing group is accomplished using repetitive hubs
such that the hubs can provide for service in case of a
failure of the system. Fig. 5 illustrates the convergence of
these technologies and the development of cloud
computing.
Fig. 5. The emergence of Cloud computing from the advancement in computing technologies [28].
VII. CONCLUSION
Considering the historic growth of providing IT
resources, cloud computing has been recognised as the
freshest and most flexible delivery model of providing IT.
It can be considered as the resulting evolution of the
traditional on premise computing spanning outsourcing
stages from aggregate to the specific, and from the multi-
seller outsourcing to an advantage free delivery. Cloud
computing is a technology used for increasing the
capacity or add capabilities progressively without putting
resources in new infrastructure, training new personnel,
or licensing new software. It is a very promising
technology, which is allowing organisations to effectively
manage their resource limitations with slightest amount
of capital investment and meet dynamic demands
efficiently. Cloud computing offers deployment
architecture, with the capability to address vulnerabilities
recognised in traditional IS yet its dynamic qualities can
deflect the effectiveness of traditional countermeasures.
Different cloud models can be selected varying upon the
specific desires of the organisation. This paper discussed
the concept of cloud by explaining it evolution and
history, and giving different definitions of cloud
computing. It also addressed the service and deployment
models of cloud computing, it characteristics and root.
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Authors’ Profiles
Tinankoria Diaby received her BSc (Hons)
in Information Technology (Business in
Information System) in 2014 from Asia
Pacific University of Technology and
Innovation (APU), Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia; and currently, enrolling her MSc
in Information Technology (IT
Management) from Asia Pacific University
of Technology and Innovation (APU),
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia; Her main research interest covers a
broad range of various areas in Information Technology,
especially in the areas of Information Technology Management
related to business environments.
Babak Bashari Rad received his B.Sc. of
computer engineering (software) in 1996
and M.Sc. of computer engineering
(Artificial intelligence and robotics) in
2001 from University of Shiraz; and Ph.D.
of computer science (information security)
in 2013 from University technology of
Malaysia. Currently, he is the program
leader of post graduate studies and senior
lecturer in the school of computing, Asia Pacific University of
Technology and Innovation (APU), Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
His main research interest covers a broad range of various areas
in computer science and information technology including
information security, malware detection, machine learning,
artificial intelligence, image processing, robotics, and other
relevant fields.
How to cite this paper: Tinankoria Diaby, Babak Bashari
Rad,"Cloud Computing: A review of the Concepts and
Deployment Models", International Journal of Information
Technology and Computer Science(IJITCS), Vol.9, No.6,
pp.50-58, 2017. DOI: 10.5815/ijitcs.2017.06.07