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Apache : The Definitive Guide / B. Laurie, P. Laurie.
Abstract
El servidor de web Apache es uno de los más utilizados como plataforma para la creación de páginas de internet. En esta obra se describe como obtenerlo, establecer y dar seguridad a un servidor Apache para entornos Unix y Windows.
... По развитию веб-серверов можно судить о том, что Интернет и веб-технологии эволюционировали и становились мощнее и удобнее. Благодаря этому стали доступны те возможности Web, которыми мы обладаем сейчас [5,6]. ...
... 5. JavaScript: Сильные стороны (2008) -издание книги, оказавшей значительное влияние на сообщество веб-разработчиков и на то, как они пишут программный код. 6. NodeJS (2009) -релиз платформы, позволяющей запускать программный код на языке JavaScript на сервере. ...
The first mentions of enterprise information systems refer to the 1960s. These systems developed over time, becoming more complex and allowing to solve a wide range of problems. The 1990s mark the beginning of the active development of web technologies. Naturally, they found way into the development of enterprise information systems used for various purposes. The purpose of the study was to describe the main stages in the development of web technologies, from the appearance of the hypertext markup language to modern single-page web applications, as well as the impact they had on approaches to the development of enterprise information systems. The author meant to identify promising trends in web-based solutions that can be successfully used in the development of enterprise information systems. Materials and methods. The paper discusses modern web tech-no¬logies, their development from the dawn to the present day, as well as some tools recognized as obsolete, and the reasons why it is impossible to develop them further. Results. The paper gives the history of the emergence of various technologies, describes their impact on approaches to the im-plementation of enterprise systems, and a way to move from a desktop version of the system to an online one. Some predictions are made concerning the prospects of certain technological areas that have good chances to successfully develop in the future. The author assesses the growing complexity of web applica-tions, the way they merge with the server side development approaches and tools. The demand of software engineers who can develop both the server and client side of an application is rationalized.
... Aplikasi web server merupakan suatu perangkat lunak yang berjalan di sisi server dan bertugas untuk menerima permintaan dari web browser, menerjemahkan permintaan tersebut, dan mengembalikan ke web browser hasil dari permintaan itu [10]. Permintaan dari web browser dapat berupa permintaan untuk mengirimkan suatu halaman statis (sebuah berkas yang terdapat di server) atau permintaan untuk suatu halaman dinamis (halaman yang dibangkitkan oleh suatu program yang berjalan di server). ...
... Menarik untuk diperhatikan nilai maximum request untuk halaman-halaman dinamis 56,60% lebih kecil dari maximum request untuk halaman-halaman statis, 3.000 dibanding 5.300. Ini diperkirakan karena untuk halaman- [10] sedangkan Nginx dirancang untuk dijalankan sebagai aplikasi single thread [16]. Dalam hal ini hardware Raspberry Pi tidak mendukung multithread [17] tetapi multithread di Raspberry Pi dilakukan secara software oleh sistem operasinya yang mengakibatkan kinerja multithreadnya lebih lambat dibanding multithread yang langsung dilakukan oleh hardware. ...
Raspberry Pi is a small-sized computer, but it can function like an ordinary computer. Because it can function like a regular PC then it is also possible to run a web server application on the Raspberry Pi. This paper will report results from testing the feasibility and performance of running a web server on the Raspberry Pi. The test was conducted on the current top three most popular web servers, which are: Apache, Nginx, and Lighttpd. The parameters used to evaluate the feasibility and performance of these web servers were: maximum request and reply time. The results from the test showed that it is feasible to run all three web servers on the Raspberry Pi but Nginx gave the best performance followed by Lighttpd and Apache.
... The image processing server's design was derived from a Python 1 script that batch processes images uploaded by users of a community site in Germany, wie-ich.de. On the real site an Apache [LL02] web server with a Tomcat [BD03] application server back end writes files to a directory on disk, where they are picked up asynchronously by the script. After determining the resolution, metadata, and other parameters of the uploaded image the script spawns separate processes to transform the image using a command line interface to the popular ImageMagick tool 2 . ...
... Many of the most popular thread-per-connection servers in use today, such as the popular Apache web server [LL02], were originally designed to use one heavyweight process per connection and to create and destroy processes frequently. Over time the overhead of heavyweight process creation and destruction as well as their memory footprint spurred many developers to switch to lightweight processes or threads while retaining the same concurrency model, at the expense of some isolation. ...
... Mod-X is a functional module that is incorporated into the Apache core during the Web server startup phase. This is done via Apache's DSO [3] interface which loads modules without having to recompile Apache. The Mod-X module utilises two main features of the Apache API: the Apache custom handlers and configuration directives. ...
... The Apache API [3] allows a module to install its own configuration directive in the main Apache configuration. ...
Web servers have become increasingly powerful since they were created. The services they offer have changed as computer hardware has improved, networks have sped up and people demand more interaction for their Web browsers. Web servers perform their function well. They are built purely for one purpose, namely speed. Web servers have sacrificed some functionality by prioritizing efficiency and security. Web servers take up a lot of system resources and are so efficient that they can provide their service to multiple users on the server. However, the only way users can currently use a Web server to its full potential is to own the process running the Web server. As users demand more functionality from Web servers, there is growing interest in providing additional capabilities to Web servers without affecting the efficiency that they operate at. The X-Switch system is a project dedicated to evaluating the feasibility of creating a Web server capable of providing users with all the features they need whilst maintaining the performance of current Web servers. The X-Switch system will also investigate the possibility of creating an extensible, modular system.
... Desain arsitektur aplikasi menggunakan web server Apache (Laurie & Laurie, 2003) adalah tentang cara sistem perangkat lunak, dalam hal ini aplikasi inventaris barang milik daerah, akan diakses dan dijalankan melalui infrastruktur web yang menggunakan server Apache sebagai komponen inti. ...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah aplikasi inventaris barang milik daerah berbasis web untuk Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Kota Medan. Tujuan utama aplikasi ini adalah meningkatkan efisiensi dalam pengelolaan inventaris barang, memberikan informasi yang akurat dan terkini, serta memudahkan akses dan kontrol terhadap data inventaris. Melalui pendekatan metodologi pengembangan perangkat lunak, seperti SDLC (Sistem Pengembangan Siklus Hidup), langkah-langkah terstruktur dan berurutan diterapkan untuk menghasilkan aplikasi yang terkontrol dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Hasil dari penelitian ini mencakup perancangan basis data yang menggambarkan relasi antara berbagai tabel untuk menyimpan informasi inventaris barang. Arsitektur aplikasi menggunakan web server Apache, dan implementasi tampilan program meliputi halaman-halaman seperti login, dashboard, serta halaman kelola data master dan kelola data master barang. Aplikasi ini memberikan pandangan yang lebih baik tentang inventaris, mempermudah pengelolaan data master, dan memungkinkan pengelolaan inventaris dengan lebih terarah dan efisien
... El sistema de información geográfico integra los datos espaciales con otros recursos de datos y puede incluso utilizar los manejadores de base de datos más comunes para manejar la información geográfica. Apache (Wainwright et al., 2002;Laurie, 2002 Script que ayudan a simplificar el código para el desarrollo de aplicaciones, ha sido utilizado dando soporte para múltiples navegadores de Internet sin la necesidad de reescribir código (Russell , 2008). Su desarrollo en la plataforma se ejemplifica principalmente en el panel administrativo de la aplicación con funciones propias para el manejo de graficas y tablas de información, ofrece diferentes opciones para el manejo de tablas en la selección a nivel de fila y el orden de las columnas. ...
... PHP is used for handling information in a database to generate dynamic and interactive web pages while its code is interpreted at the web server and generates HTML or other outputs (Welling & Thomson, 2003 (Dvorski, 2007). Apache, which is the most widely used web server platform, is a web server for Unix, Windows, and other operating systems (Laurie & Laurie, 2002). MySQL is a cross-platform opensource relational database management system (RDBMS) created by Michael ...
Learning new vocabulary is one of the challenges in language learning yet crucial for mastering another language. It is also essential in any discipline or professional field where mastering new terminology is indispensable. VLASTWA is a Vocabulary Learning and Strategy Teaching Web Application designed to help Persian native speakers improve their English vocabulary knowledge. In this study, I examined the effects of VLASTWA’s use on improving Persian learners’ vocabulary. The conducted research presents an evaluation of efficacy and usability of this custom-built (for this project), targeted and learnable web application for teaching an extensively researched vocabulary learning strategy, the keyword method, and for facilitating learning of new vocabulary with the aid of this method. In this longitudinal study (n = 240, age 18+), effectiveness of the use of the keyword method taught within the designed web application (app) or traditional pen and paper (P&P) was compared between four experimental (two P&P and two app groups – with differences in receiving the encoding or encoding and recall keyword method training) and two control groups (one app and one P&P). In the experimental groups, participants learned to use the keyword method, applied it in learning 22 new (English) words, and tested the recall of this newly learned vocabulary within the app and P&P methods on four different occasions (times) while in the control groups – the only difference was not being given any keyword method instruction.
... Thus, a non-relational database, such as MongoDB seems to be more appropriate [63]. Regarding the webservice, Apache [64] is the most widely used web server in the world, but other alternatives are also possible. ...
The IoT-as-a-Service (IoTaaS) business model has already been identified by some people from both industry and academia, but has not been formally defined. IoTaaS offers IoT devices on demand, with considerable cost savings and resource optimization. In addition, it enables different applications to reuse the existing devices. However, this business model is associated with different technological challenges that need to be addressed, one of which is the identity problem. Focusing on this, self-sovereign identity (SSI) schemes have proven to provide better privacy and scalability than traditional identity paradigms, which is especially important in the IoT owing to its characteristics. In this paper, we formally analyze an IoTaaS business model, identifying and detailing its main technological challenges. In addition, we tackle the identity problem of this business model and propose an SSI-based identity management system, which is compliant with the existing standards from the W3C, and include a performance evaluation.
... Cluster Computing -Frontend The Apache server used in CMSWEB for authentication and authorization [12]. -MongoDB A backend database for the DAS service [13]. ...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment heavily relies on the CMSWEB cluster to host critical services for its operational needs. The cluster is deployed on virtual machines (VMs) from the CERN OpenStack cloud and is manually maintained by operators and developers. The release cycle is composed of several steps, from building RPMs to their deployment, validation, and integration tests. To enhance the sustainability of the CMSWEB cluster, CMS decided to migrate its cluster to a containerized solution based on Docker and orchestrated with Kubernetes (K8s). This allows us to significantly speed up the release upgrade cycle, follow the end-to-end deployment procedure, and reduce operational cost. In this paper, we give an overview of the CMSWEB VM cluster and the issues we discovered during this migration. We discuss the architecture and the implementation strategy in the CMSWEB Kubernetes cluster. Even though Kubernetes provides horizontal pod autoscaling based on CPUs and memory, in this paper, we provide details of horizontal pod autoscaling based on the custom metrics of CMSWEB services. We also discuss automated deployment procedure based on the best practices of continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) workflows. We present performance analysis between Kubernetes and VM based CMSWEB deployments. Finally, we describe various issues found during the implementation in Kubernetes and report on lessons learned during the migration process.
... Cluster Computing -Frontend The Apache server used in CMSWEB for authentication and authorization [12]. -MongoDB A backend database for the DAS service [13]. ...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment heavily relies on the CMSWEB cluster to host critical services for its operational needs. The cluster is deployed on virtual machines (VMs) from the CERN OpenStack cloud and is manually maintained by operators and developers. The release cycle is composed of several steps, from building RPMs to their deployment, validation, and integration tests. To enhance the sustainability of the CMSWEB cluster, CMS decided to migrate its cluster to a containerized solution based on Docker and orchestrated with Kubernetes (K8s). This allows us to significantly speed up the release upgrade cycle, follow the end-to-end deployment procedure, and reduce operational cost. In this paper, we give an overview of the CMSWEB VM cluster and the issues we discovered during this migration. We discuss the architecture and the implementation strategy in the CMSWEB Kubernetes cluster. Even though Kubernetes provides horizontal pod autoscaling based on CPUs and memory, in this paper, we provide details of horizontal pod autoscaling based on the custom metrics of CMSWEB services. We also discuss automated deployment procedure based on the best practices of continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) workflows. We present performance analysis between Kubernetes and VM based CMSWEB deployments. Finally, we describe various issues found during the implementation in Kubernetes and report on lessons learned during the migration process.
... A log file generates through the local database after the reception of an alert to verify the incident. The server runs an Apache web service and stores the PHP programming code (see Appendix B) in the designated directory for accessing this information via a web browser [50]. Table 4 shows the results after setting the code, including parameters such as date, the temperature in degrees Celsius, and carbon monoxide concentration level. ...
Many fire situations have represented the loss of lives and material costs due to the lack of early fire detection through smoke or gas sensing, which can become complex and critical. Meanwhile, engineers worldwide develop and test multiple systems for smoke and gas detection, commonly based on sensor networks, digital image processing, or computer vision. Furthermore, the detection system must work thoroughly with alarms and warnings that aware of a risk situation for prompt evacuation of the population in the surroundings based on a reliable data network topology with adequate device deployments that will let us know the moment a fire outbreak. This paper presents a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) prototype for fire detection in outdoor environments based on sensors and Low PowerWide Area Network (LPWAN), focused on the accuracy in the temperature and gas measurement at the moment a fire starts. For its achievement, we integrated wireless components, development boards, and electronic devices, following the management of information updates through a database schema for the alarm settings based on the data gathered from the sensors.
... So, whenever the user would like to view the program's output, therefore the client (browser) were required to request the program page form the server and this were done via the Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In summary the client would request program in form of page form the server, and if the program is exist, therefore the server would return the program to the client [5] [6]. ...
Looping were common and essential in most software based system regardless of their programming languages. As an example of a basic system, the absent of loop function, however seems possible for the program to perform required repetition automated task, but could lead to major issues in terms of system efficiency. Imagine of a particular software system without loop function, but would require to perform multiple repetitions, then it would be a system with massive lines of code which create so called "important redundancies" in within the software code itself. In this experiment, a light program of looping function of different designs and versions were developed whereby the argument or parameter of initialization and incremental function were manipulated in a manner of non-common practice.
... It is important that Zend Framework includes a possibility to design well-protected, reliable and modern applications of WEB 2.0 and Web services and widely available API functions from the teams of leaders in this fielde, such as Google, Yahoo!, Amazon, Flickr (USA). As the Web server, we chose Apache server[22]. Apache server is an application of Web server with open-source software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (USA). ...
We built a structure of the server part of the system for passenger traffic registration of city public transport. The developed structure is based on a module principle, which provides simple and fast replacement of particular module in case of its failure. As a result, improved reliability of the system as a whole is achieved, as well as smooth scaling and an increase in the system capacity in future. The algorithm of functioning of the server part of the system for passenger traffic registration of city public transport is developed. Its features are the use of systemic approach to the implementation of incoming data processing and the automation of work of the human-machine system. This made it possible to check correctness of the initial processed data and clearly represent results of calculation of passenger traffic parameters. We developed and implemented specialized software for the server part of the system for passenger traffic registration of public transport. The software is based on the three-level model and implements all the above-mentioned features of the device. Specialized software employs modern approaches of object-oriented programming, including the use of Web frameworks. An information model is developed that ensures reliable data exchange between a client and a server of the system. The model includes a range of modern technologies and protocols. These technologies include video data collection using IP cameras, data transfer with the help of 3G, storing them in a relational DB and on disk space of FTP Server, data processing using the list data structures and storing of statistics in the form of XML files. Accordingly, the developed software is based on the application of modern protocols for the collection, transmission, processing and storage of data (TCP/IP, MySQL Client/Server Protocol, HTTP, FTP, etc.). The technologies and protocols applied allow us to effectively organize the transfer and processing of incoming video, photo- and text data. We developed and implemented technical provision of the server part of the system for passenger traffic registration of public transport. This product provides low cost of technical solution and is based on the use of low-cost components that ensure reliable operation of the system in full. Results of using developed system are presented, in particular: reports that are generated using the developed system that reflect a full picture of the passenger traffic along the vehicle route. The designed and developed system for passenger traffic registration of public transport is verified at ATP "Mens-Auto" and "Etalon" in the city of Ternopil (Ukraine). Obtained data allow us to state that the system operates properly and correctly.
... El CmapServer brinda los servicios web a través de un servidor Tomcat (Brittain, 2007), pero esos servicios no se ofrecen en toda su amplitud y por eso las páginas web, asociadas a un CmapTools que se ejecuta localmente con todos los recursos también locales, no se comportan de igual forma cuando son gestionadas por el CmapServer a partir de una solicitud remota del cliente. Para resolver ese problema, debe instalarse un servidor web cualquiera y en las aplicaciones que se presentan se eligió el Apache (Laurie, Laurie, 2002). Independientemente de estas particularidades las ideas que se muestran a continuación son generales. ...
Concept maps are an educational resource which regained importance with the emergence of computer networks. You can find many education systems based on conceptual maps, many of them are not well structured and are only intended to organize, in the form of maps, contents extracted from various documents, regardless of the premises to be followed by an application for teaching purposes. In this paper, some guidelinesfor making concept maps that meet the educational premises are presented. The experiment started from an initial analysis to assess how maps are used in teaching, after which the proposal has been submitted to different analyzes in order to improve the initial proposal (method research-action). Various education systems with the ideas suggested were implemented. The systems have been well received by the students, who showed cognitive improvements after use.
... OpenSSL is used as a technical building block of the secure Apache (Laurie & Laurie, 1999) web server. Web servers are, with considerable accuracy, considered the operating systems of the WWW. ...
... In another configuration setting a Client Server based scenario was tested using IDHOCNET. In one of the IDHOCNET node with identifier 4220106958841 an APACHE HTTP [47] server was installed. An application with functionality to tell the current temperature of the surrounding was hosted on the server. ...
Presently employed Internet Protocol (IP) stack possesses number of architectural problems. The contemporary research direction for the improvement of present Internet architecture mainly focuses on the use of real identifiers instead of IP addresses for host identification in the network. However, the proposed architectures mostly discuss the infrastructure oriented network models and minimal research has been conducted in the direction of proposals for ad hoc networks. In order to resolve the present limitations of ad hoc networks, we describe an implementation of a novel identifier based ad hoc network protocol stack and architecture known as IDHOCNET (Identifier based ad hoc network). The architecture proposes a novel paradigm of identifier based applications for multi-hop wireless ad hoc environment. The proposed system further provides backward compatibility to support co-existence with IP based applications. As a proof of concept, the architecture has been implemented on Linux platform with WiFi interfaces. Various practical scenarios with architectural insight are presented to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed approach.
... Apache HTTP Web Server is a web server in basic manner [10]. On our cloud server we have LAMP stack. ...
This paper is about a remotely managed digital signage system design considering embedded system design rules and characteristics. Digital signage system design is based on various methods of using computer and television screens as well as other kinds of display devices in ways that are as efficient as possible to provide advertising and information to people in public areas. In modern digital signage systems, the screens are divided into regions and layers, and the content on the screens is made up of several files. The goals of this study are broadcasting information, advertisements at display contents in public areas such as; subways, buses, malls, city squares and control these digital signs remotely.
... As part of the early experimental work, I have studied the HTTP protocol [96] and the Apache web server as case studies [97] [98]. These studies resulted in the two technical reports, [99] and [100]. ...
... Depending on the IrDA-interface implementation that is generally specific to each phone type, we have used two version types of converters. One version has been taken from I-Con GPS [6] which only sends 4800 Baud RS232-data via infrared. A second version is developed for mobile phones, like Siemens SL45i, which only accept real IrDA connections. ...
MobiGPS is a satellite navigation system for mobiles phones with Java™ capability. Only a few additional things, a common GPS Receiver (GPS Mouse) and a little IrDA converter are required. The mobile phone sends its actual GPS data to a dedicated web-server on the internet. The web server keeps track of the position, does perform all necessary calculations and queries in databases and does return several location-aware Information, for example about traffic jams, waypoints, etc., to the mobile phone.
... For example, the distant user clicks on the "MOVE FORWARD" button to make the robot move forward. Parameters can be used, for example, how long the robot must 2. Processing HTTP requests by Servlets: To process HTTP requests on the distant server, an Apache Web server [10] is used. The received requests are first forwarded to a second Web server which is a Tomcat Web server [11]. ...
In this paper, we suggest to use low cost robots and Ultrawideband (UWB) technology in order to help elderly. In the context of the targeted application, a mobile robot is designed to remotely interact with a person acting as supervisor, and also to monitor their environment. UWB is then very helpful to ensure precise localization of the robot inside the house.
First, we present our experimental robotic platform,based on of-the-shelves components, and our experimental software environment in the cloud. Then, we describe
our localization approach which relies on two phases: Time of Arrival (ToA) estimation using the dirty template algorithm,and Bancroft method for the robot position estimation.
Finally, our simulation results are presented and discussed.
... 2) Processing HTTP requests by Servlets: To process HTTP requests on the distant server, we use an Apache Web server [8]. Requests received are first forwarded to a second Web server which is a Tomcat Web server [9]. ...
This paper describes a way to transform basic robotic platforms into Web remotely controllable robots. Our goal is to achieve robot deployment anywhere, at anytime, at low-cost. As soon as full or even restricted Internet access is available (WiFi or 3G), the robot can be deployed and Web-controlled. The distant user can send commands to the robot and monitor the state of the robot. For example, the distant user can make the robot move and get snapshots taken by the robot.
... The inspiration for the SIP CLF is the Apache CLF [3] (see also http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/logs.html). However, the state machinery for a HTTP transaction is much simpler than that of the SIP transaction, as we will describe below. ...
Web servers such as Apache and web proxies like Squid support event logging using a common log format. The logs produced using these de-facto standard formats are invaluable to system administrators for troubleshooting a server and tool writers to craft tools that mine the log files and produce reports and trends. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) does not have a common log format, and as a result, each server supports a distinct log format. This plethora of formats discourages the creation of common tools. Whilst SIP is similar to HTTP, there are a number of fundamental differences between a session-mode protocol and a stateless request-response protocol. We propose a common log file format for SIP servers that can be used uniformly by proxies, registrars, redirect servers as well as back-to-back user agents. Such a canonical file can be used to train anomaly detection systems and feed events into a security event management system.
... In order to provide these functionalities all machines require installation of following software: apache as a web server[31], proftpd like a ftp server, Iptables for a firewall[32], sendmail as a mail server[33], GNU Zebra/Quagga like multiprotocol routing software, bind for DNS, c compiler etc. All listed software are used in the laboratory for the long time period and proved to be good. ...
The importance of educational process in the field of Computer Science and Information Technology industry, as well as the need for educating highly skilled computer network professionals implies the importance of its course syllabus and laboratory tools. This paper presents evaluation and analysis of virtual network laboratory based on virtualization technology. The virtual network laboratory architecture is shown together with the supporting laboratory exercises. Evaluation criteria for these laboratory exercises include: description of learning goals, adopted skills, compatibility with course syllabus and side knowledge, and additional skills. Lessons learned after the virtual network laboratory course, are gathered as well. Detailed analysis of the skills and knowledge that students adopted in this environment is summarized. Also, overall usability estimation in education of various engineering profiles and related computer networking and communication courses is shown.
... • S1 -Windows 7 64 bits, Core In all the tests, S1 was used for running the server (the web service and communication and management module, plus storing the image files and the code of the image processing operations). We implemented the server program in Java, using OpenJDK 7 [14] (which is the first JDK version with support for SCTP) and the Apache web server [16] plus Apache Axis [15] for the web service. We did not run any tests with multiple servers (e.g. ...
In this paper we investigate the usage of the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a data transport protocol for client-initiated data-intensive computations. The considered environment consists of job schedulers, storage nodes, computational nodes (workers) and clients. The clients submit jobs to the schedulers, which split them into multiple computation units and schedule these computations on the available workers. The data which needs to be processed by the computation units will be transferred from the storage nodes to the computational nodes using SCTP. Experimental evaluations considered images as the data to be processed and simple image processing operations as computations.
... The internationalization can be done using the locale-sensitive objects and the Unicode system [13]. We adopted several new technologies to our system; Swing API on Java2 for the internationalized general graphical user interface (GUI) on the common desktop, Java3D API for the real 3D view of the remote experimental equipment, Java [14] for the clients and the server programming with native methods, the Linux GPIB package [15] for the communication to the experimental equipments, the cqcam driver [16] for getting real-time images, the Apache http server [17] on the Linux [18] system for the stable operating system and many GNU [19] tools for developing software. ...
This paper presents a distance education system for the interactive experiments on physics over the World Wide Web integrated by Swing and Java3D API on Java2. Our system provides the real experiments over the web and are applied to the subject of experimental physics; the β-ray radiation. Experiments with radiation sources are sometimes kept away from educational courses because the radiation source must be controlled carefully in spite of its importance.With our system, students can measure counts of β-ray without treating radiation source directly at any time from any places over the web. The client programs run as Java applets on web browsers or as Java applications. Using the Swing API, they have a common desktop environment that provides exactly the same graphical user interface with the internal window system on any operating system supporting Java2 and Java3D. The 3D view window of the experimental equipments is realized by Java3D API and is very helpful to understand the configuration of equipments and principles of the measurement. The client programs handle the TCP/IP communication to the server program written in Java with native methods on the Linux server built with general PC and experimental equipments.
... @BULLET Administration of various software systems, e.g. MySQL database [8] and Apache web server [9] as well as various extension modules (mod_perl [10]), GD Library [11], Apache ASP [12]). @BULLET Extension of existing knowledge on HTML, e.g. ...
Knowledge on the implementation on database-driven web applications is currently among the most frequently required qualifications a graduate of a higher technical college should have. This does not only apply to students of information technology, but also to students of many other technical and non-technical subjects. In cartography for instance, considerable efforts are undertaken to appropriately present on the internet the data and maps collected over years. The present article shall outline the experience and results obtained from a lecture combined with a hands-on training. The task was carried out with the aid of freely accessible development tools
... • We verified five products that match the criteria, they were: Apache (Yerxa, 1999;Aulds, 2000;Laurie & Laurie, 2002;Netcraft Web Server Survey, 2002), Savante (Lamont, 2001), Xitame (Castro, 2001;Hintjens, 2002), GoAhead, and Netscape Enterprise Server (Netcraft Web Server Survey, 2002). From this list, only the latter is a closed source system, the others are OSS. ...
... In the VDC project we have built on the work of numerous other open-source projects instead of "reinventing the wheel." The R statistical language (Ihaka & Gentlemen, 1996) is used extensively in the data services component; the PostGres database system (Momjian, 2000) is the basis for our current repository component; the Apache Web server (Laurie, Laurie, & Denn, 1998) and Apache's Jakarta-Tomcat servlet engine provide a foundation for the user interface server (as well as other components); and OpenLDAP (http://www. openldap.org/) is used as the basis of the directory service and extensively in the distributed authentication and authorization components. ...
Managerial economics is one of the most applied areas of economics. Managerial economics teaches students how to use the tools of economics to make decisions. As a result, this class is most effective if it simulates what students face when working in a business setting. Students should therefore be taught using the same toolkit on which business managers rely. Today, that means using Excel as the platform on which to teach the course. Excel is integrated into the course content not only during computer labs and in homework but also during class. Such integration requires more than a set of spreadsheet exercises to accompany a text; it requires Excel programs that faculty can use to interactively introduce concepts during lectures. This article describes a series of exercises and programs that teach students how to use Excel, and how to use Excel to analyze data needed to make reasoned decisions.
... In the VDC project we have built on the work of numerous other open-source projects instead of "reinventing the wheel." The R statistical language (Ihaka & Gentlemen, 1996) is used extensively in the data services component; the PostGres database system (Momjian, 2000) is the basis for our current repository component; the Apache Web server (Laurie, Laurie, & Denn, 1998) and Apache's Jakarta-Tomcat servlet engine provide a foundation for the user interface server (as well as other components); and OpenLDAP (http://www. openldap.org/) is used as the basis of the directory service and extensively in the distributed authentication and authorization components. ...
The purpose of this article is to present the definitions of 21 geographic information system (GIS) functions used in crime mapping and to propose how these functions may be applied more generally to social science research. Most social data are spatial, but this fact has been largely ignored in sociological and social science research. More extensive use of both spatial statistics and spatial analysis in sociology seems likely, and hopefully this article will stimulate social scientist readers to explore using GIS in their research.
... In the VDC project we have built on the work of numerous other open-source projects instead of "reinventing the wheel." The R statistical language (Ihaka & Gentlemen, 1996) is used extensively in the data services component; the PostGres database system (Momjian, 2000) is the basis for our current repository component; the Apache Web server (Laurie, Laurie, & Denn, 1998) and Apache's Jakarta-Tomcat servlet engine provide a foundation for the user interface server (as well as other components); and OpenLDAP (http://www. openldap.org/) is used as the basis of the directory service and extensively in the distributed authentication and authorization components. ...
This study examines online culture by constructing an affective portrait of Internet users. Respondents were recruited through a highly visible advertisement on the Yahoo! search engine, and their sentiments were collected with a Web-based survey instrument using Osgood’s semantic-differential technique. The study had three particularly engaging findings: First, Internet users hold extremely intense and nuanced affective sentiments toward the components of their online world. Second, these sentiments vary with the amount of time Internet users spend online as well as their cumulative years of Internet experience. Third, men and women have slightly different affective responses toward many components of online culture, suggesting that despite the supposedly gender-free nature of the Internet, men and women experience somewhat different online social worlds.
... It is possible to setup the access portal to run in a high availability environment using the Apache Tomcat servlet engine (Laurie and Laurie, 2002;Brittain and Darwin, 2007). Tomcat provides a session replication (clustering) and load balancing feature to increase the availability of any web application. ...
This paper presents a description and the evaluation of the Netuno supercomputer, a high-performance cluster installed at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. The results for the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark and two real applications are reported. Since building a high-performance cluster for running a wide range of applications is a non-trivial task, some lessons learned from assembling and operating this cluster, such as the excelent performance of the OpenMPI library, and the importance of the use an efficient parallel file system over the traditional NFS system, can be useful knowledge to support the design of new systems. Currently, Netuno is being heavily used to run large scale simulations in the areas of ocean modeling, meteorology, engineering, physics, and geophysics.
As the multidisciplinary applications of cosmic-ray muons expand to large-scale and wide-area scenarios, the construction of cosmic-ray muon detector arrays has become a key solution to overcome the hardware limitations of individual detector. For muography, the array-based detector design enables fast-scanning of large target objects, allowing for rapid identification of density variation regions, which can improve the efficiency of tomography. This paper integrates scintillator detector technology with Internet of things (IoT) technology, proposing a novel array networking model for nationwide deployment. The model enables long-distance data collection and distribution, laying the foundation for future multidisciplinary applications such as muography and other fields.
Hosting networking applications typically involves a server publicly accessible over the Internet. However, preparing a server requires excessive time and effort, particularly for non-expert users. This is because users configure multiple elements including the server, host firewalls, and network firewalls, while considering their interactions. To address this problem, we propose a method that uses public cloud storage, such that all messages are communicated through the storage between the server and clients. As the storage is public and accessible over the Internet, users need not consider firewalls and can focus on configuring the server. We implemented the proposed method for web applications and evaluated its performance by accessing applications from 90 hosts in diverse locations. The evaluation showed that the proposed method does not incur extra delays and clients can access the applications as reliably as the current practice of configuring servers. We also recruited 54 participants and examined the time required to configure a server with the proposed method compared to configuration using current practice. This study demonstrated that the proposed method reduces configuration time from 40−60 to nearly 30 min. We believe that the proposed method provides a basis for improving the manageability of server configuration.
Caenorhabditis elegans is a popular organism for aging research owing to its highly conserved molecular pathways, short lifespan, small size, and extensive genetic and reverse genetic resources. Here we describe the WormBot, an open-source robotic image capture platform capable of conducting 144 parallel C. elegans survival and behavioral phenotyping experiments. The WormBot uses standard 12-well tissue culture plates suitable for solid agar media and is built from commercially available robotics hardware. The WormBot is controlled by a web-based interface allowing control and monitoring of experiments from any internet connected device. The standard WormBot hardware features the ability to take both time-lapse bright field images and real-time video micrographs, allowing investigators to measure lifespan, as well as heathspan metrics as worms age. The open-source nature of the hardware and software will allow for users to extend the platform and implement new software and hardware features. This extensibility, coupled with the low cost and simplicity of the system, allows the automation of C. elegans survival analysis even in small laboratory settings with modest budgets.
Intisari - Universitas Lancang Kuning merupakan salah satu universitas swasta terbesar di Provinsi Riau. Dengan semakin terkenalnya Universitas Lancang Kuning maka perlu peningkatan kualitas dalam layanan terhadap stakeholder yang ada. Salah satu layanan yakni berupa penyewaan fasilitas yang ada di lingkungan Universitas Lancang Kuning. Sistem yang berjalan saat sekarang masih menggunakan teknik manual sehingga kelemahan terjadinya tumpang tindih dalam penyewaan fasilitas yang ada. Dan juga disertai tidak adanya databases yang mendata aset penyewaan fasilitas di UNILAK. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan sistem yang dapat mengelola itu semua sehingga proses birokrasi yang dilalui tidak akan serumit sebelumnya.
Pencatatan data adalah hal yang penting dalam sebuah usaha, khususnya usaha yang bergerak dalam usaha retail. Pencatatan data untuk usaha retail akan lebih mudah apabila dibantu dengan sistem informasi POS. UD. Mulia Jaya adalah salah satu usaha yang bergerak dalam industri retail yang menjual peralatan rumah tangga berbahan baku plastik. Pembuatan tugas akhir ini dilakukan agar dapat mempermudah UD. Mulia Jaya menjalankan bisnisnya, khususnya dalam proses pencatatan dan pembuatan laporan, serta pencatatan stok barang yang dimiliki oleh UD. Mulia Jaya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, diimplementasikan aplikasi POS berbasis web application yang mudah diakses dari operating system apapun, Aplikasi yang diimplementasikan adalah aplikasi berbasis PHP dengan MySQL sebagai back end storage. Aplikasi POS juga dilengkapi dengan fitur inventory control untuk UD. Mulia Jaya. Kata Kunci: inventory control, PHP, POS, retail, web application.
La presente investigación trata de disminuir los tiempos de desarrollo de los formularios de mantenimiento de sistemas Web, cuyo código base es PHP y Javascript, además de reducir la incompatibilidad que existe al desarrollar sistemas web, dado que al desarrollar estos, muchas veces no se toma en cuenta la compatibilidad que debe existir en los diferentes navegadores actuales de internet.Para lo mencionado, se ha propuesto desarrollar una herramienta Case, del tipo lower, la cual se encargará de ver una de las últimas fases del ciclo de vida del sistema, que es la de codificación; para reducir los tiempos de codificación se ha optado por usar el framework Symfony para PHP, el mismo que está orientado a la construcción de sistemas robustos y el framework Mootools de Javascript; adicionalmente, con este último, se podrá tratar la incompatibilidad de los sistemas.Palabras clave: framework, Symfony, Mootools, herramientas Lower Case, PHP, sistema gestor de base de datos, YAML.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2010.v11.01
Virtual machine (VM) consolidation is very popular in cloud computing systems for numerous reasons including improvement of resource utilization, saving of infrastructure costs and ease of management. However, consolidation also causes contention in virtualized environments such as causing to degradation of VM performance. In this paper, we present an effective consolidation system which is able to minimize performance degradation between consolidated VMs. In order to achieve this, we first investigate the relationship between physical resource contention and latency performance degradation for consolidated VMs by comparing VM performance in isolation and virtualization environments. Then, we focus on different existing schemes on the consolidation of VM performance optimization problems in virtualized environments. We attempt experimentally to find a better alternative method to minimize performance degradation and we notice that particle swarm optimization (PSO) has substantial potential. However, PSO must be improved to include redefining the operators and parameters to solve an optimization problem. Experimental evaluations on resource benchmarks using web service stacks, data-centric programming languages, Hadoop and JDK9 indicate that our system has attained encouraging result as compared to previous models.
We proposed and stratified a selection standard model on Open Source Functional Board which could be found in Web. So we could grasp the weight about Performance Evaluation from the viewpoints of planners, developers, and web disigner professional of views. We suggested applying diverse measurement types in case of item which could chart Evaluation Standards on chosen sample boards. In case of item which couldn't do that, we compared and analyzed it by using selective type of 9 point scaling method on professionalists in every sample board. As a result of weight on upper estimate section of evaluation model chart, the order of importance was convenience(0.334), performance(0.333), function(0.240) and design(0.093) respectively. It indicates that there is more weight on performance and convenience which are hard to be structurally modified than designs and functions that are directly shown to the users. Also, it was evident that opposite results came out when using 9-point scale survey and measurement with objective data such as function and performance. The reason is because the surveyed subject can have his or her own subjectivity and bias unlike objective data. However, objectivity of the administrator is also an important factor thus both two perspectives have to be all considered when selecting the bulletin board.
In the age of rapid development of communication technologies the educational process in the area of communication networks has the enormous significance. In this process the large number of skilled network professionals such as: software developers, system administrators, security engineers, etc., has to be trained. One of the most important elements of this process is existence of suitable educational environments. Nowadays the virtual network laboratories emerged as highly efficient environments for training network professionals. These environments are based on virtualization technology and provide working conditions in the emulated environments with the high level of reality. This paper deals with the important issues to be concerned in process of design and implementation of these laboratories. The structure of this laboratories and its configuration strongly depends on purpose and needs of the educational process itself, as well as of the current technology trends in the world. In this paper is presented the approach in defining the structure of virtual network laboratory and its design. This approach is based on research of current market trends, the dominant platforms and technologies used today, and on world trends in high education strategy and planning, especially in the area of networking and communication and related subjects as well. Analyzed data is used for design of the high efficiency virtual network laboratory able to provide the desired learning outcome. The architecture and structure of implemented laboratory is also described.
Many systems, including Web and Software as a Service (SaaS) are best characterized with session-based workloads. Empirical studies have shown that Web session arrivals exhibit long range dependence and that the number of request in a session is well modeled with skewed or heavy-tailed distributions. However, models that account for session workloads characterized by empirically observed phenomena and studies of their impact on performance metrics are lacking. In this paper, we use partly-open queue to account for session-based workloads in a physically meaningful way and use simulation to analyze the behavior of the Web system under Long Range Dependent (LRD) session arrival process and skewed distribution for the number of requests in a session. Our results show that the percentage of dropped sessions, mean queue length, mean waiting time, and the useful server utilization are all affected by the LRD session arrivals and the statistics of the number of requests within a session. The impact is higher in the case of more prominent longrange dependence. Interestingly, both request arrival process and request departure process are long-range dependent, even in the case when session arrivals are Poisson.
We have developed a remote control interface for research class magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spectrometers. The goal of the interface is to provide a better collaborative environment for geographically dispersed researchers and a tool that can teach students of medical imaging in a network-based laboratory using state-of-the-art MR instrumentation that would not otherwise be available. The interface for the remote operator(s) is now ubiquitous web browser, which was chosen for the ease of controlling the operator interface, the display of both image and text information, and the wide availability on many computer platforms. The remote operator is presented with an active display in which they may select and control most of the parameters in the MRI experiment. The MR parameters are relayed via web browser to a CGI program running in a standard web server, which passes said parameters to the MRI manufacturers control software. The data returned to the operator(s) consists of the parameters used in acquiring that image, a flat 8-bit grayscale GIF representation of the image, and a 16-bit grayscale image that can be viewed by an appropriate application. It is obvious that the utility of this interface would be helpful for researchers of regional and national facilities to more closely collaborate with colleagues across their region, the nation, or the world. And medical imaging students can put much of their classroom discussions into practice on machinery that would not normally be available to them.
This paper addresses a problem related to control of web servers. Due to architectual issues, relevant measurements can only be taken over a limited part of the server system, which leaves the controller unaware of what happens in buffers proceeding the actual web-server (for instance, in the TCP/IP layers). In earlier presented work we modeled such a system and proved that the unmeasured buffering turned a measurement of an input disturbance into a state-dependent variable. In this paper we investigate how these new properties effect a traditional control design consisting of feedback in combination with a feed-forward mechanism. The stability analysis suggests that under certain circumstances, the system enters limit cycles due to the feedback mechanism introduced by the designed feed-forward controller. We verify the analysis by both simulations and experiments.
Recent developments in publically available webbased Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the availability of low-cost integrated General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)/Global Positioning Systems (GPS) modem have enabled the development of embedded stand-alone home monitoring systems. This paper presents the design, implementation and testing of a home-monitoring system that utilizes online Map from a GIS in conjunction with the readily available public satellite-based GPS, and GPRS mobile networks. In addition to detecting intruders, the system allows a home owner to remotely monitor various critical home sensors status including those tied to fire, flooding, and gas leaks. Home owners can monitor their homes via their mobile phone or by using the Internet. This system can also be utilized by security firms, civil defense organizations and municipalities to continuously monitor and locate troublesome spots in residential neighborhoods and compounds using free GIS Maps1.
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