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Construction Technology for Tall Buildings / M. Chew Yit Lin.
Abstract
Este texto introduce a las innovaciones en técnicas y procesos constructivos de edificios altos desde la cimentación hasta la bóveda. Ofrece información sobre métodos, materiales, equipo y sistemas usados para la construcción de rascacielos.
... In addition to this, due to urbanization, most of the population nowadays is highly concentrated in metropolitan regions, which will surely increase over time [23]. Basements are more common in medium to high-rise buildings these days, which not only provide additional floor area for vehicles, storage, and shopping space but also reduce net bearing pressure [24]. Therefore, some researchers are considering 3D frame structures with the interaction of the basement and the ground. ...
... Details of the considered variables to design the response spectrums have been discussed for 0.5 g and 1.8 g earthquake, respectively, where 5% damped probability of exceedance 2% in 50 years has been considered [58]. The Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) spectral response (SS) coefficients for short periods of 0.2 s are 1.5 and 6.9, while values of S1 for a period of 1 s are 0. 24 ...
This study has been conducted to observe nonlinear time history analysis of a 3D-office building frame where performance has been examined in the presence of base isolation and a bracing system. This steel structure has an underground story surrounded by stiff well-graded sand and is assumed to be located in an intense seismic area. The static and dynamic experimental performance of a Rubber Friction Bearing (RFB) has been considered, and an equivalent numerical model has been used in finite element software, which provides a satisfactory relationship between experimental and numerical prediction. The results show that the story drift and post-earthquake damage of the frame reduced significantly due to the presence of RFB devices. These isolators are most effective in moderate earthquakes. The presence of a minimum number of Steel Buckling Restrained Braces (BRBs) systems improve structural performance under moderate and strong ground motions by reducing story drift and residual damage. Hollow Steel Section (HSS) and Concrete-Filled Steel Tube (CFST) sections have been used in the simulation process, and it was found that the HSS system is susceptible to damage even if both seismic protection systems have been considered. The findings provide important conclusions to select suitable seismic protection for this type of structure, which is limited by simulation study due to the absence of experimental observation.
... In order to select a suitable foundation system for a tall building, several factors must be taken into consideration (Chew Yit Lin, 2001), among the most important of which are soil conditions, load transfer pattern, shape and size of the building, site constraints, underground tunnels and/or services, and environmental issues. ...
... Nondisplacement piles are those in which a column of soil is removed and replaced with steel reinforcement and wet concrete. Displacement piles are driven in the soil, but they are losing popularity since the driving process causes noise, vibration, and dust (Chew Yit Lin, 2001). This category includes precast reinforced concrete piles, steel H-piles, composite piles, etc. ...
This paper summarizes the results of a two-year-long research project conducted by the CTBUH on the life cycle assessment (LCA) of tall building structural systems. The research project was made possible thanks to a $300,000 contribution from ArcelorMittal and the support of some of the most important structural engineering firms and players in the tall building industry. The research analyzed all life phases of a tall building`s structural system: the extraction and production of its materials, transportation to the site, construction operations, final demolition of the building, and the end-of-life of the materials. The impact of the building structure during the operational phase (i.e., impact on daily energy consumption, maintenance, and suitability to changes) was also investigated, but no significant impacts were identified during this phase.
... The construction practitioners have to look into the site location where IBS is going to be implemented. They should conduct site investigation to identify site condition, services nearby, and accessibility available [41, 42] prior to IBS implementation. This can solve the problems related to the components logistics that may incur high transportation costs to the project. ...
Industrialized Building System (IBS) is an innovative technique adopted to increase the efficiency, quality
and productivity of projects. However, these advantages are proven mainly for projects located in urban
areas only. IBS is not a common practice for projects located in rural areas. Although there were studies
about IBS in Malaysia about its advantages and setbacks, these studies were focusing on projects located in
urban areas located in West Malaysia only. Hence, this paper aids to close the gap via examining
advantages and setbacks of implementing IBS in rural areas of Sarawak, East Malaysia which the level
urbanization is low. Qualitative method with case study approach was adopted. This paper reveals that the
advantages of IBS are faster project completion, provides cleaner, neater and safer construction sites, and
reduces foreign workers. However, some advantages are not applicable, i.e. high quality of work and lower
total construction costs. On the other hand, this paper reveals that there is no significant difference between
setbacks of IBS in rural areas of Sarawak, East Malaysia and urban areas of West Malaysia. These setbacks
are resistance to change, negative perceptions of the stakeholders towards IBS designs, expensive overall
construction costs, lack of knowledge and exposure to IBS technology and lack of IBS manufacturers in
industry. Among these setbacks, the lack of local IBS manufacturers and expensive overall construction
costs are two significant setbacks. This paper manages to provide an insight for construction firms, as well
as policy maker, that are going to implement IBS in their projects in rural areas, especially in developing
countries.
... Bogate obecnie doświadczenie dotyczące realizacji budynków wysokich daje solidne podstawy, by większość potencjalnych trudności przewidzieć i już na etapie koncepcji znaleźć ich optymalne rozwiązania. Jest to o tyle istotne, że budynek powinien spełniać liczne kryteria, wśród których najważniejsze to [1]: optymalne zarządzanie energią – i jej wykorzystanie; odpowiednia funkcjonalność; – ...
The tall buildings being built today are often surprising not only because of their architectural solutions, but also due to the innovations and new technologies used in construction. Investors' ambitions mean that these buildings are reaching ever increasing heights, and their construction proceeds at increasing speeds, while still maintaining the highest safety standards. However, to make this possible, it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of the available technologies and to select optimum solutions.
... Among one of the most important characteristics of IBS method is the components are prefabricated offsite. According to Chew and Michael (2001), prefabrication system of construction means breaking a whole housing unit into different components such as the floors, walls, columns, beams, roofs, etc. and having these components separately prefabricated or manufactured in modules or standard dimensions in a factory. IBS method emphasizes on prefabrication concept. ...
Although the long-introduced Industrialised Building System (IBS) has promised to solve and improve the current construction method and scenario in our country, but the IBS method has not gained enough popularity. One of the reasons is due to lack of research works done to quantifying the benefit of IBS especially in construction time saving. In lieu with such scenario, this study conducted to quantify evidence of time saving in IBS application. The methodology adopted for this study is by modelling the construction process for high-rise residential building for both conventional and IBS with shared more a less the same nature and size of the structure. The model was developed using Primavera (P3) project planning software. The comparison was made by comparing selective building components for both method of construction. Different high-rise residential projects have been selected for this study. The result of the study clearly indicated that sufficient time saving can be archived. Also from this study shown not all IBS components can improved to the overall construction duration, however by adopting IBS components can improve and expedite the construction of 18 stories residential building from the point of departure of the project throughout of the whole of project's with a total 405 days or 42% the time saving.
... FAR restriction affects land development through its impact on the degree to which capital and land can be substituted for each other in responding to their relative price changes in order for developers to achieve profit maximization. In addition, the elasticity of capital-land substitution increases over time along with technological innovation (Chew, 2009). Both driven by economic success and adoption of improved building technology, the skylines of Beijing continued to rise in 1990s. ...
Beijing has a unique spatial pattern that is characterized by an inverted U-shape building height curve and geometrically developed transportation network (rings of highways and axial roads). The inverted U-shape curve of building heights is mainly the outcome of building height restrictions in inner city for historical preservation. This paper estimates the economic costs of the building height restrictions by using land development data. Through comparing land development without building height restrictions and simulations, we show that the economic costs are substantial. The impacts of the building height restrictions include land price decrease by up to 60%, housing output decrease by up to 70%, and land investment decrease by 85%. To accommodate the loss of housing output, the city edge has to expand, causing urban sprawl (given all other things equal). In order to offset building space reduction, housing prices rise by 20% and the city edge expands by 12%. Finally, induced travel costs resulting from urban sprawl and low density caused by building height restrictions may not be trivial.
Air conditional system consumes high energy and the most of coastal resort owners install this system to avoid thermal discomfort due to the lack of sufficient wind speed in the closed area. The wind flow around the structure does affect the air change rate within the building and to promote energy saving campaign for better future, the wind originated from the sea utilization need to be maximize and replace the air-conditional system. The evaluation of wind mapping will represent the wind flow and the relation of the building density in selected case study areas.
In this paper, a classification system for flat roof waterproofing inspection is presented. The main anomalies liable to be detected in waterproofing systems are listed and classified. All the direct and indirect possible causes of the potential defects, as well as the repair techniques, are also catalogued and classified. The practical use of the system is exemplified with anomalies and repair forms.
In many cases, the actual capacity of piles can be gained from static and dynamic pile tests. And this case is using dynamic pile test such as Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) for driven piles. In other hand, beside the bearing capacity of pile, the type of hammer with its weight, its drop, and soil stratification give responds. The responds vary and also give the information of pile's displacement, pile's tension forces, or pile's tensile forces. This information is useful in pile's performance and pile's integrity. This paper examines the case of 18th floor office building in Jakarta. In this paper, both the effects of driving and the wave propagation in piles are analyzed based on the kentledge system loading test (static test) and PDA. From the wave equation analysis which is proposed by Smith (1960), the geotechnical engineers can determine the dynamic capacity of pile and compare to the results of static test and PDA. The main problem is the spun pile had cracks along the pile from the head when conducting the static test in the certain degree of design load. Initially, the pile has a good result from Pile Integrity Testing (PIT). With combination of static test and PDA, bearing capacity graph for spun pile (P182) is generated. It is shown that final set is 0.3 mm and this value is close enough to driving record (0.2 mm). The cracks of the pile head during static load test may be caused by overstress after pile driving. It is modeled by wave equation analysis and shown that the damage of pile is mainly governed by compression force. The ultimate capacity of pile is 401.0 ton from static test. The wave equation analysis gives a conservative ultimate capacity value as 350.0 ton.
A building maintainability (BM) approach is the only plausible solution to balance a decreasing budget and increasing standards of modern commercial buildings. There is no decision-analysis framework for BM management while many objective and subjective parameters add to its complexity and hinder direct comparison of various building systems contributing to overall BM. A model was developed to compare nine major building systems, namely: basement, facade, wet area, roof, sanitary plumbing, HVAC, elevator, electrical and fire protection system. Analytical hierarchy process was chosen to address complex BM parameters. From a questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews with 37 experts in facilities management, BM was found to depend on technical viability of services and business profile controlled by building height and location respectively. For various location-height combinations, individual sets of priorities were derived for each building system and the results were supported logically. HVAC was the highest contributor to BM followed by elevator and facade. The proposed generic method can be directly applied to both new and existing commercial buildings in Singapore and extended to other building types or climate. This precise but simple platform for multi-criteria decision analysis promises higher BM and economic returns for any commercial property.
Centering on worldwidly present urban areas, there have been many high-rise landmark buildings constructed in recent years. It is recognized that reinforced concrete has merit over steel frame construction in high-rise buildings, such as less sway in high winds, better human life protection in case of accidental heavy damage, better noise resistance. The use of high-strength concrete is rising, not only for pillars, in high-rise buildings. The paper points out on the need of classifying the HP-HSC for the different requested characteristic that materials have to exhibit on different structural elements of a complex structure. Among types of concrete, which binds together characteristics of High Strength Concrete (HSC) and High Performance Concrete (HPC), particular reference is made to Limestone Concrete (LSC).
Existing literature provides data on self-levelling, high performance, rapid hardening concrete, able to reach in few days the standard of HPC (Kelham, 1998; Montgomery et al., 1998; Nehdi et al., 1998. In particular the technology here referred for limestone concrete is not the usual one, but it makes reference to a mix design, characterized by an industrially produced limestone aggregates, with total absence of Silica Fume or any other addition of pozzolanic material or accelerating admixture (Cangiano, 2005; Cangiano et al., 2004.
The paper points out the significance of Limestone Concrete, as High Performance Concrete, application, starting from the following key construction requirements: in large public works with characteristic of very high durability, the choice of a technical solution it is not at all dependent on the construction cost only. In fact in this work, life service and safety performances, that slightly increase the construction costs, are of paramount importance. Starting from this key assumption, new materials, and in particular new concretes, may be able to notably cut life service and safety costs, considerably improving the performance/cost ratio of the selected solution, due to the large cut of maintenance costs. The paper wants to briefly explain the state of the art and the today frontier which lead to the material basic choices in structural design of high-rise buildings. In particular the paper refers to a comprehensive campaign of tests, in a starting-up phase, shared among different university and private laboratories in Italy, which aims to draw Guide Lines for different specific uses of Limestone Concrete, as HPC, in different structures typologies and environmental conditions.
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